scholarly journals Reflective Properties of a Polymer Micro-Transducer for an Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6964
Author(s):  
Paweł Marć ◽  
Monika Żuchowska ◽  
Leszek R. Jaroszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
New Class ◽  
Multi Mode ◽  
Selection Of

A polymer microtip manufactured at the end of a multi-mode optical fiber by using the photopolymerization process offers good reflective properties, therefore, it is applicable as an optical fiber sensor micro-transducer. The reflective properties of this microelement depend on the monomer mixture used, optical fiber type, and light source initiating polymerization. Experimental results have shown that a proper selection of these parameters has allowed the design of a new class of sensing structure which is sensitive to the refractive index (RI) changes of a liquid medium surrounding the microtip. An optical backscatter reflectometer was applied to test a group of micro-transducers. They were manufactured from two monomer mixtures on three different types of multi-mode optical fibers. They were polymerized by means of three optical light sources. Selected micro-transducers with optimal geometries were immersed in reference liquids with a known RI within the range of 1.3–1.7. For a few sensors, the linear dependences of return loss and RI have been found. The highest sensitivity was of around 208 dB/RIU with dynamic 32 dB within the range of 1.35–1.48. Sensing characteristics have minima close to RI of a polymer microelement, therefore, changing its RI can give the possibility to tune sensing properties of this type of sensor.

scholarly journals Optical Strain Measurement with Step-Index Polymer Optical Fiber Based on the Phase Measurement of an Intensity-Modulated Signal

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Becker ◽  
Olaf Ziemann ◽  
Rainer Engelbrecht ◽  
Bernhard Schmauss
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Polymer Optical Fiber ◽  
Step Index ◽  
Intensity Modulated ◽  
Optical Strain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multi Mode

Polymer optical fibers (POFs) have been proposed for optical strain sensors due to their large elastic strain range compared to glass optical fibers (GOFs). The phase response of a single-mode polymer optical fiber (SM-POF) is well-known in the literature, and depends on the physical deformation of the fiber as well as the impact on the refractive index of the core. In this paper, we investigate the impact of strain on a step-index polymer optical fiber (SI-POF). In particular, we discuss the responsivity of an optical strain sensor which is based on the phase measurement of an intensity-modulated signal. In comparison to the phase response of an SM-POF, we must take additional influences into account. Firstly, the SI-POF is a multi-mode fiber (MMF). Consequently, we not only consider the strain dependence of the refractive index, but also its dependency on the propagation angle θz. Second, we investigate the phase of an intensity-modulated signal. The development of this modulation phase along the fiber is influenced by modal dispersion, scattering, and attenuation. The modulation phase therefore has no linear dependency on the length of the fiber, even in the unstrained state. For the proper consideration of these effects, we rely on a novel model for step-index multi-mode fibers (SI-MMFs). We expand the model to consider the strain-induced effects, simulate the strain responsivity of the sensor, and compare it to experimental results. This led to the conclusion that the scattering behavior of a SI-POF is strain-dependent, which was further proven by measuring the far field at the end of a SI-POF under different strain conditions.

scholarly journals Refractive Index Sensor for Salty and Sugary Solution Based on Optical Fiber Technical

2021 ◽  
Vol 1879 (3) ◽  
pp. 032077
Author(s):  
Maher Khaleel Ibrahim ◽  
Shehab A Kadhim ◽  
Nabeil Ibrahim Fawaz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor

scholarly journals Gold Enhanced Hemoglobin Interaction in a Fabry–Pérot Based Optical Fiber Sensor for Measurement of Blood Refractive Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charusluk Viphavakit ◽  
Sinead O Keeffe ◽  
Minghong Yang ◽  
Stefan Andersson-Engels ◽  
Elfed Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fiber Sensor ◽  
Fabry Perot

scholarly journals Simultaneous Measurement of Temperature and Refractive Index Using High Temperature Resistant Pure Quartz Grating Based on Femtosecond Laser and HF Etching

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028
Author(s):  
Na Zhao ◽  
Qijing Lin ◽  
Kun Yao ◽  
Fuzheng Zhang ◽  
Bian Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Fluid Analysis

The optical fiber temperature and refractive index sensor combined with the hollow needle structure for medical treatment can promote the standardization of traditional acupuncture techniques and improve the accuracy of body fluid analysis. A double-parameter sensor based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is developed in this paper. The sensor materials are selected through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the sensor sensing principle is theoretically analyzed and simulated. Through femtosecond laser writing pure silica fiber, a high temperature resistant wavelength type FBG temperature sensor is obtained, and the FBG is corroded by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to realize a high-sensitivity intensity-type refractive index sensor. Because the light has dual characteristics of energy and wavelength, the sensor can realize simultaneous dual-parameter sensing. The light from the lead-in optical fiber is transmitted to the sensor and affected by temperature and refractive-index; then, the reflection peak is reflected back to the lead-out fiber by the FBG. The high temperature response and the refractive index response of the sensor were measured in the laboratory, and the high temperature characteristics of the sensor were verified in the accredited institute. It is demonstrated that the proposed sensor can achieve temperature sensing up to 1150 °C with the sensitivity of 0.0134 nm/°C, and refractive sensing over a refractive range of 1.333 to 1.4027 with the sensitivity of −49.044 dBm/RIU. The sensor features the advantages of two-parameter measurement, compact structure, and wide temperature range, and it exhibits great potential in acupuncture treatment.

Development of an Optical Fiber Sensor with a D-shaped Fiber Bragg Grating Integrated in a Loop-mirror Optical Fiber Laser as a High Sensitivity Refractometer

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh Pham Thanh ◽  
Thuy Van Nguyen ◽  
Van Hoi Pham ◽  
Huy Bui ◽  
Thi Hong Cam Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Fiber Bragg Grating ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Bragg Grating ◽  
Loop Mirror

In this paper, we report a new type of refractometer based on a D-shaped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) integrated in a loop-mirror optical fiber laser. This proposed sensor is used in wavelength interrogation method, in which the D-shaped FBG is applied as a refractive index (RI) sensing probe and a mirror to select mode of laser. The D-shaped FBG is prepared by the removal of a portion of the fiber cladding covering the FBG by means of side-polishing technique. The D-shaped FBG sensing probe integrated in a loop-mirror optical fiber laser with saturated pump technique, the characteristics of sensing signals have been improved to obtain stable intensity, narrower bandwidth and higher optical signal-to-noise ratio compare to normal reflection configuration. The limit of detection (LOD) of this sensor can be achieved to 2.95 x 10-4 RIU in the refractive index (RI) range of 1.42-1.44. Accordingly, we believe that the proposed refractometer has a huge potential for applications in biochemical-sensing technique.

Temperature Dependence of a Refractive Index Sensor Based on Side-Polished Macrobending Plastic Optical Fiber

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Jing ◽  
Chuanxin Teng ◽  
Fangda Yu ◽  
Guanjun Wang ◽  
Jie Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Plastic Optical Fiber

Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor for Chloride Ion Monitoring

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Chung Chun Lam ◽  
Rajesh Mandamparambil ◽  
Tong Sun ◽  
Kenneth T. V. Grattan ◽  
Sreejith V. Nanukuttan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor
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