scholarly journals Characterization and Analysis of Okoume and Aiele Essential Oils from Gabon by GC-MS, Electronic Nose, and Their Antibacterial Activity Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6750
Author(s):  
Youssra Aghoutane ◽  
Mohammed Moufid ◽  
Soukaina Motia ◽  
Guy Stephane Padzys ◽  
Linda Priscilia Omouendze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Constituents

Essential oil resins of Aucoumea klaineana (Okoume) and Canarium schweinfurthii (Aiele) species, of the Burseraceae family, were studied to investigate their bioactive constituents and their antibacterial activities. Aiele resin had a higher yield (6.86%) of essential oil than Okoume (3.62%). Twenty-one compounds for Okoume and eighteen for Aiele essential oil were identified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Gp-C-MS) technique. The main compounds identified in Okoume essential oil were benzenemethanol, α, α,4-trimethyl (28.85%), (+)-3-carene (3,7,7-trimethyl bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene) (17.93%), D-Limonene ((4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene) (19.36%). With regard to the Aiele essential oil, we identified (1R,4S)-1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.64%), and 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol (26.83%). Two strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, were used in antibacterial tests. S. aureus was found to be more sensitive to Okoume and Aiele essential oils, with a high inhibition zone ranging from 20 to 16 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone ranged from 6 to 12 mm for E. coli. An electronic nose (e-nose) combined with pattern analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant function analysis (DFA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to discriminate the essential oil samples. In summary, the e-nose and GC-MS allowed the identification of bioactive compounds in the essential oil samples, which have a strong antimicrobial activity, with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals Seasonal Effect on the Chemical Composition, Insecticidal Properties and Other Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. Essential Oils

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Amenan Tanoh ◽  
Guy Blanchard Boué ◽  
Fatimata Nea ◽  
Manon Genva ◽  
Esse Leon Wognin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
The Impact

This study focused, for the first time, on the evaluation of the seasonal effect on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils hydrodistillated from leaves, trunk bark and fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Z. leprieurii), a traditional medicinal wild plant growing in Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh organs of Z. leprieurii growing on the same site over several months using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Leaf essential oils were dominated by tridecan-2-one (9.00 ± 0.02–36.80 ± 0.06%), (E)-β-ocimene (1.30 ± 0.50–23.57 ± 0.47%), β-caryophyllene (7.00 ± 1.02–19.85 ± 0.48%), dendrolasin (1.79 ± 0.08–16.40 ± 0.85%) and undecan-2-one (1.20 ± 0.03–8.51 ± 0.35%). Fruit essential oils were rich in β-myrcene (16.40 ± 0.91–48.27 ± 0.26%), citronellol (1.90 ± 0.02–28.24 ± 0.10%) and geranial (5.30 ± 0.53–12.50 ± 0.47%). Tridecan-2-one (45.26 ± 0.96–78.80 ± 0.55%), β-caryophyllene (1.80 ± 0.23–13.20 ± 0.33%), α-humulene (4.30 ± 1.09–12.73 ± 1.41%) and tridecan-2-ol (2.23 ± 0.17–10.10 ± 0.61%) were identified as major components of trunk bark oils. Statistical analyses of essential oil compositions showed that the variability mainly comes from the organs. Indeed, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed us to cluster the samples into three groups, each one consisting of one different Z. leprieurii organ, showing that essential oils hydrodistillated from the different organs do not display the same chemical composition. However, significant differences in essential oil compositions for the same organ were highlighted during the studied period, showing the impact of the seasonal effect on essential oil compositions. Biological activities of the produced essential oils were also investigated. Essential oils exhibited high insecticidal activities against Sitophilus granarius, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and moderate anti-plasmodial properties.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Study on the Essential Oils of Tarragon (Аrtemisia dracunculus L.) Growing in Tajikistan and Its Comparison With the Essential Oil of the Species in the Rest of the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2097739
Author(s):  
Farukh S. Sharopov ◽  
Aminjon Salimov ◽  
Sodik Numonov ◽  
Mahinur Bakri ◽  
Zafar Sangov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Oil

The aerial parts of the tarragon ( Artemisia dracunculus) were collected around Kukteppa village, Ziddi, Varzob region of Tajikistan. The essential oil of tarragon was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forty-five compounds representing 99.8% of total oil were identified. Sabinene (29.1%), estragole (24.6%), limonene (7.8%), ( Z)-artemidin (4.9%), myrcene (4.8%), and ( E)-β-ocimene (4.0%) were components with a representation higher than 4% of the essential oils of aerial parts of tarragon. Hierarchical cluster analysis of А. dracunculus essential oils on the global phytogeographic origin based on 30 essential oil components and 105 samples (globally) of this species, indicated the existence of its 7 major chemotypes: ocimene, α-terpinene, capillene, methyl eugenol, mixed chemotype, ( Z)-artemidin, and estragol chemotypes. The essential oils of А. dracunculus showed weak antioxidant and antibacterial activities. To our best knowledge, this is the first report concerning the chemical composition, chemotypic variation, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of А. dracunculus, growing wild in the Varzob region of Tajikistan.

Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Juniperus horizontalis essential oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Eryiğit ◽  
N. Okut ◽  
K. Ekici ◽  
B. Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
The Subject

Eryiğit, T., Okut, N., Ekici, K. and Yildirim, B. 2014. Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Juniperus horizontalis essential oil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 323–327. In recent years, the screening of antibacterial activity has been the subject of much research, and the antibacterial activity of essential oils could be a promising subject for future investigation. In this study, the antibacterial activities of Juniperus horizontalis essential oils and their components were investigated. Essential oils were isolated using the hydro-distillation method and their components were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds found in the oil of leaves were linalool (33.76%), P-cymene (23.20%), gamma-terpinene (8.67%), trans-sabinene hydrate (8.59%), thyme camphor (8.49%), carvol (5.08%) and borneol (4.22%). Juniperus horizontalis essential oils were evaluated for antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains using the disc diffusion method. The results indicate that the essential oil of J. horizontalis shows variable and significant antibacterial activities against the six tested bacteria species. The diameters of the inhibition zones formed for bacteria were measured. The lowest inhibition zone was 12 mm (sensitive) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and the highest zone was 32 mm (extremely sensitive) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.

scholarly journals Effects of Gender and Geographical Origin on the Chemical Composition and Antiradical Activity of Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Suzana Struiving ◽  
Ana Carolina Mendes Hacke ◽  
Edésio Luiz Simionatto ◽  
Dilamara Riva Scharf ◽  
Cláudia Vargas Klimaczewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Baccharis Trimera

This study aimed to characterize and compare essential oils and ethyl acetate fractions obtained in basic and acidic conditions from both male and female Baccharis species (Baccharis myriocephala and Baccharis trimera) from two different Brazilian regions. Samples were characterized according to their chemical compositions and antiradical activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) provided a clear separation regarding the chemical composition of essential oils from the samples obtained from different regions by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry with flame-ionization detection (GC-MS-FID). PCA also revealed that gender and region of plant collections did not influence the chemical composition and antiradical activity of ethyl acetate fractions, which was corroborated with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) data. High performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) identified significant quantities of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fractions obtained in basic and acidic fractions, respectively. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the geographical region of plant collection influenced the chemical composition of essential oils from the studied Baccharis species. Moreover, the obtained fractions were constituted by several antiradical compounds, which reinforced the usage of these species in folk medicine.

scholarly journals Aromatic Profiles of Essential Oil from 5 Commonly Used Thai Basils

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibet Tangpao ◽  
Hsiao-Hang Chung ◽  
Sarana Rose Sommano
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Ocimum Species ◽  
Holy Basil

The research objectives of this study are to analyse the volatile compositions of different basil types available in Thai markets and to descriptively determine their aromatic qualities.  Essential oils were hydro-distillated from fresh leaves of 2 Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) varieties namely, white and red and other basil species, including Tree basil (O. gratissimum), Sweet basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflorum) and Lemon basil (O. citriodorum).  Oil physicochemical characteristics and volatile chromatograms from Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the chemical compositions.  Methyl eugenol, estragole and eugenol were among the major chemicals found in the essential oils of these basil types.  Classification by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) advised that these Ocimum spp. samples are grouped based on either the distinctive anise, citrus aroma (estragole, geranial and neral) or spice-like aroma (β-methyl eugenol, caryophyllene and α-cubebene).  The essential oil was also used for descriptive sensorial determination by five trained panelists, using the following developed terms: anisic, citrus, herb, spice, sweet and woody.  The panelists were able to differentiate essential oil of white Holy basil from red Holy basil based on the intensity of the anisic attribute, while the anise and citrus scents were detected as dominant in the Lemon basil, Tree basil and Sweet basil essential oils.  The overall benefit from this research was the elucidation of aromatic qualities from Thai common Ocimum species in order to assess their potential as the raw materials for future food research and development.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of the Essential Oils of Marrubium vulgare Growing Wild in Eastern Algeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderazak Abadi ◽  
Abdellatif Fahima
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Eastern Algeria

The chemical composition was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The constituents were identified by their mass spectra and Kovats’ indices. Fivety (50) components in the oil of M. vulgare were identified. The results demonstrated that the major components of the essential oil were: 4,8,12,16-Tetramethyl heptadecan-4-olid (16.97%), Germacrene D-4-ol (9.61%), α- pinéne (9.37%), Phytol (4.87%), Dehydro-sabina ketone (4.12%), Piperitone (3.27%), δ-Cadinene (3.13%), 1-Octen-3-ol (2.35%) and Benzaldehyde (2.31%). The antioxidant activity of the oils was assessed by measurement of metal chelating activity, the reductive potential, the free radical scavenging (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activity was compared with that of synthetic antioxidants: butylated hydroxyanisole (BHT), and the essential oils. The results showed as the Essential oil of M. vulgare was evaluated for its antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria: Listeria monocytogene, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Salmonella enterica.

scholarly journals Aroma Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil from Alpinia zerumbet

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Kuraya ◽  
Rui Yamashiro ◽  
Akiko Touyama ◽  
Shina Nakada ◽  
Kenta Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Future Production

The essential oil of A. zerumbet, obtained from the leaves through steam distillation, has a distinct aroma and shows antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluated the yields, antioxidant activity, and volatile compound composition of essential oils extracted from the leaves of A. zerumbet to better understand how these characteristics may vary among individual plants, and how they may differ with location of growth and season in which leaves are harvested. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that chemical composition in each individual plant was not affected by harvest season or growth area. Furthermore, GC/MS and antioxidant activity assays revealed that although the antioxidant activity and yield of these essential oils differed significantly between individual plants and collecting seasons, there was a strong inverse correlation between the yields of essential oils and their antioxidant activity. The yield, the major volatile compound compositions, the enantiomeric ratio of the few monoterpenes, and the antioxidant activities of A. zerumbet essential oil varied significantly among individual plants, and probably reflected the genetic variability within the species. This suggests the plausibility of selecting lineages of A. zerumbet to optimize future production of valuable essential oils.

Bionanomaterials: Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Multivariate Analyses of the Dicotyledonatae and Pinatae Essential Oil/ beta - cyclodextrin Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Costescu ◽  
Nicoleta Gabriela Hadaruga ◽  
Daniel Ioan Hadaruga ◽  
Adrian Rivis ◽  
Aurel Ardelean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complexes ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Physico Chemical

The paper presents a multivariate analysis (PCA-principal component analysis) of the essential oils from Dicotyledonatae and Pinatae classes encapsulated in b-cyclodextrin. The essential oil/b--cyclodextrin complexes were obtained by solution method. Uncomplexed volatile oils and complexes with b--cyclodextrin were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and thermogravimetry (TG), respectively. In order to evaluate the composition of the encapsulated oil, this was extracted from the complex and analyzed by GC-MS. For the GC data of the uncomplexed essential oils and the complexed ones, a powerful multivariate statistical procedure (PCA) was applied. Samples were very good classified in botanical classes or in uncomplexed and complexed ones using the GC data of the monoterpene compounds.

Chemical composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species from Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Natasa Mohd Shakri ◽  
Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan Salleh ◽  
Shamsul Khamis ◽  
Nor Azah Mohamad Ali ◽  
Shazlyn Milleana Shaharudin
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Gastrointestinal Ulcer ◽  
Germacrene D

AbstractPolyalthia is one of the largest genera in the Annonaceae family, and has been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer, and generalized body pain. The present investigation reports on the extraction by hydrodistillation and the composition of the essential oils of four Polyalthia species (P. sumatrana, P. stenopetalla, P. cauliflora, and P. rumphii) growing in Malaysia. The chemical composition of these essential oils was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The multivariate analysis was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) methods. The results revealed that the studied essential oils are made up principally of bicyclogermacrene (18.8%), cis-calamenene (14.6%) and β-elemene (11.9%) for P. sumatrana; α-cadinol (13.0%) and δ-cadinene (10.2%) for P. stenopetalla; δ-elemene (38.1%) and β-cubebene (33.1%) for P. cauliflora; and finally germacrene D (33.3%) and bicyclogermacrene for P. rumphii. PCA score and HCA plots revealed that the essential oils were classified into three separated clusters of P. cauliflora (Cluster I), P. sumatrana (Cluster II), and P. stenopetalla, and P. rumphii (Cluster III) based on their characteristic chemical compositions. Our findings demonstrate that the essential oil could be useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic applications of Polyalthia essential oil.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds of Gamma-Irradiated Mutants of Rose (Rosa hybrida)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Jaihyunk Ryu ◽  
Jae Il Lyu ◽  
Dong-Gun Kim ◽  
Jung-Min Kim ◽  
Yeong Deuk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Terpene Alcohols ◽  
Gamma Irradiated ◽  
The Rose

Roses are one of the most important floricultural crops, and their essential oils have long been used for cosmetics and aromatherapy. We investigated the volatile compound compositions of 12 flower-color mutant variants and their original cultivars. Twelve rose mutant genotypes were developed by treatment with 70 Gy of 60Co gamma irradiation of six commercial rose cultivars. Essential oils from the flowers of the 18 genotypes were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Seventy-seven volatile compounds were detected, which were categorized into six classes: Aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic ester, aromatic compounds, terpene alcohols, and others. Aliphatic (hydrocarbons, alcohols, and esters) compounds were abundant categories in all rose flowers. The CR-S2 mutant had the highest terpene alcohols and oil content. Three (CR-S1, CR-S3, and CR-S4) mutant genotypes showed higher ester contents than their original cultivar. Nonacosane, 2-methylhexacosane, and 2-methyltricosane were major volatile compounds among all genotypes. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the rose genotypes gave four groups according to grouping among the 77 volatile compounds. In addition, the principal component analysis (PCA) model was successfully applied to distinguish most attractive rose lines. These findings will be useful for the selection of rose genotypes with improved volatile compounds.

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