scholarly journals Recent Progress in Distributed Fiber Acoustic Sensing with Φ-OTDR

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6594
Author(s):  
Zhaoyong Wang ◽  
Bin Lu ◽  
Qing Ye ◽  
Haiwen Cai
Keyword(s):  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Acoustic Sensing ◽  
Space Resolution ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Fine Mechanics ◽  
Great Development

Distributed fiber acoustic sensing (DAS) technology can continuously spatially detect disturbances along the sensing fiber over long distance in real time. It has many unique advantages, including, large coverage, high time-and-space resolution, convenient implementation, strong environment adaptability, etc. Nowadays, DAS becomes a versatile technology in many fields, such as, intrusion detection, railway transportation, seismology, structure health monitoring, etc. In this paper, the sensing principle and some common performance indexes are introduced, and a brief overview of recent DAS researches in Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM) is presented. Some representative research advances are explained, including, quantitative demodulation, interference fading suppression, frequency response boost, high spatial resolution, and distributed multi-dimension localization. The engineering applications of DAS, carried out by SIOM and other groups, are summarized and reviewed. Finally, possible future directions are discussed and concluded. It is believed that, DAS has great development potential and application prospect.

Dual‐hormone artificial pancreas for management of type 1 diabetes: Recent progress and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Infante ◽  
David A. Baidal ◽  
Michael R. Rickels ◽  
Andrea Fabbri ◽  
Jay S. Skyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Artificial Pancreas ◽  
Future Directions

scholarly journals Recent progress in orexin/hypocretin physiology and pharmacology

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki P. Kukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Future Directions

AbstractOrexin peptides and their cognate receptors were discovered 14 years ago. They soon took a very central position in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Active studies have further elucidated these functions as well as the role of orexins in, for instance, appetite, metabolism, analgesia, addiction, and stress response. This review summarizes all the important fields but especially aims at focusing on novel findings and future directions.

scholarly journals Attending to Entities for Better Text Understanding

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 7554-7561
Author(s):  
Pengxiang Cheng ◽  
Katrin Erk
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Language Models ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Text Understanding

Recent progress in NLP witnessed the development of large-scale pre-trained language models (GPT, BERT, XLNet, etc.) based on Transformer (Vaswani et al. 2017), and in a range of end tasks, such models have achieved state-of-the-art results, approaching human performance. This clearly demonstrates the power of the stacked self-attention architecture when paired with a sufficient number of layers and a large amount of pre-training data. However, on tasks that require complex and long-distance reasoning where surface-level cues are not enough, there is still a large gap between the pre-trained models and human performance. Strubell et al. (2018) recently showed that it is possible to inject knowledge of syntactic structure into a model through supervised self-attention. We conjecture that a similar injection of semantic knowledge, in particular, coreference information, into an existing model would improve performance on such complex problems. On the LAMBADA (Paperno et al. 2016) task, we show that a model trained from scratch with coreference as auxiliary supervision for self-attention outperforms the largest GPT-2 model, setting the new state-of-the-art, while only containing a tiny fraction of parameters compared to GPT-2. We also conduct a thorough analysis of different variants of model architectures and supervision configurations, suggesting future directions on applying similar techniques to other problems.

scholarly journals Bioengineering Approaches to Accelerate Clinical Translation of Stem Cell Therapies Treating Osteochondral Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yixuan Luo ◽  
Yin Yu ◽  
Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Osteochondral Defect ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Properties

The osteochondral tissue is an interface between articular cartilage and bone. The diverse composition, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype in these two tissues pose a big challenge for the reconstruction of the defected interface. Due to the availability and inherent regenerative therapeutic properties, stem cells provide tremendous promise to repair osteochondral defect. This review is aimed at highlighting recent progress in utilizing bioengineering approaches to improve stem cell therapies for osteochondral diseases, which include microgel encapsulation, adhesive bioinks, and bioprinting to control the administration and distribution. We will also explore utilizing synthetic biology tools to control the differentiation fate and deliver therapeutic biomolecules to modulate the immune response. Finally, future directions and opportunities in the development of more potent and predictable stem cell therapies for osteochondral repair are discussed.

scholarly journals Insulin - producing cells derived from stem cells: recent progress and future directions

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santana ◽  
R. Enseñat - Waser ◽  
María Isabel Arribas ◽  
J. A. Reig ◽  
E. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells

Directed evolution approaches for optogenetic tool development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaewan Jang ◽  
G. Andrew Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Tool Development ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Molecular Events

Photoswitchable proteins enable specific molecular events occurring in complex biological settings to be probed in a rapid and reversible fashion. Recent progress in the development of photoswitchable proteins as components of optogenetic tools has been greatly facilitated by directed evolution approaches in vitro, in bacteria, or in yeast. We review these developments and suggest future directions for this rapidly advancing field.

Recent progress in an ‘ultra-high speed, ultra-large capacity, ultra-long distance’ optical transmission system (Invited Paper)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 120003-120007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Yu Shaohua Yu ◽  
Ming Luo Ming Luo ◽  
Xiang Li Xiang Li ◽  
Rong Hu Rong Hu ◽  
Ying Qiu Ying Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Large Capacity ◽  
Ultra High Speed

scholarly journals Signal Transduction in Leaf Senescence: Progress and Perspective

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Ahmad ◽  
Yongfeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Nutrient Remobilization ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Inducing Factors

Leaf senescence is a degenerative process that is genetically controlled and involves nutrient remobilization prior to the death of leaf tissues. Age is a key developmental determinant of the process along with other senescence inducing factors. At the cellular level, different hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors contribute to the regulation of senescence. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the complexity of the senescence process with primary focuses on perception and transduction of senescence signals as well as downstream regulatory events. Future directions in this field and potential applications of related techniques in crop improvement will be discussed.

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