scholarly journals Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV and Other Pandemic/Epidemic Respiratory Viruses: A Review

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6591
Author(s):  
Badriyah Alhalaili ◽  
Ileana Nicoleta Popescu ◽  
Olfa Kamoun ◽  
Feras Alzubi ◽  
Sami Alawadhia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Made In

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered a public health emergency of international concern. The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused this pandemic has spread rapidly to over 200 countries, and has drastically affected public health and the economies of states at unprecedented levels. In this context, efforts around the world are focusing on solving this problem in several directions of research, by: (i) exploring the origin and evolution of the phylogeny of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome; (ii) developing nanobiosensors that could be highly effective in detecting the new coronavirus; (iii) finding effective treatments for COVID-19; and (iv) working on vaccine development. In this paper, an overview of the progress made in the development of nanobiosensors for the detection of human coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is presented, along with specific techniques for modifying the surface of nanobiosensors. The newest detection methods of the influenza virus responsible for acute respiratory syndrome were compared with conventional methods, highlighting the newest trends in diagnostics, applications, and challenges of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 causative virus) nanobiosensors.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS: Three formidable coronaviruses which have originated from bats

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Arezoo Mirzaei ◽  
Sharareh Moghim
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
International Public Health ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

The recent continuously emerging rampancy of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that started in Wuhan in late December 2019 has become an international public health emergency and is still spreading rapidly in the world. Up to October 11, 2020, 37.109.6851 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been announced with 2.8 percent death, which means 1.070.355 confirmed death cases. At the moment, a specific vaccine or drug for the new coronavirus is not available; thus, the development of a drug with far-reaching HCoV inhibitory activity is an urgent medical need. It is, however, vital to first comprehend the nature of this family and other coronaviruses that have caused the outbreak. Here, we relate the epidemiological and virological characteristics of the COVID-19, SARS, and MERS rampancy.

Impact of Corona virus Outbreak on Climate and air Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Jatai ◽  
Tanu Sharma ◽  
Karan Veer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Symptomatic Case ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

All over the world, there is a new target of public health emergency looming the world along with an appearance and distribution of the novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This Virus initially generated in bats and then after transferred to a human being over unknown animal playing the role of mediator in Wuhan, China in December 2019. This virus is passed by breathing or in contact with an infected person’s droplets. The Incubation period is between 2 to 14 days for COVID-19, that is the time between exposure of the virus (person becoming infected) and symptom on that person, is on an average of 5-6 days, however it can goes up to 14 days. Throughout this period, which can be also known as “pre-symptomatic” period, some of the infected patients or persons can be contagious. That is why, transferal from a pre-symptomatic case can happen before the symptoms onset. Where there is few number of case studies and reports, pre-symptomatic transferal has been documented via contact with someone who is diagnosed with virus and increase investigation of that particular clusters of total confirmed cases. The main problem is that the symptoms are just like the regular flu that are cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and breathlessness. This virus is moderate or mild in most of the people, but in elder ones, it may proceed to pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Coronavirus has significant consequences on the Health system, mainly on cardiovascular diseases and on the environment.

scholarly journals COVID-19 epidemic response in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4s) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
George Amofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemic Response ◽  
The Impact

The year 2020 has looked like a fairy tale as the COVID-19 pandemic swept across the world with devastating socio-economic and health consequences. The impact of the pandemic has depended, largely, on preparedness and response of countries, and their ability to adjust to the fast-evolving pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on 30th January 2020, and Ghana reported its first two confirmed cases on 12th March 2020.

COVIEdb: A database for potential immune epitopes of coronaviruses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Wu ◽  
Wenfan Chen ◽  
Jingjing Zhou ◽  
Wenyi Zhao ◽  
Shuqing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
T Cell Epitopes ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused large-scale pandemic COVID-19 all over the world. It’s essential to find out which parts of the 2019-nCoV sequence are recognized by human immune system for vaccine development. And for the prevention of the potential outbreak of similar coronaviruses in the future, vaccines against immunogenic epitopes shared by different human coronaviruses are essential. Here we predict all the potential B/T-cell epitopes for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV and RaTG13-CoV based on the protein sequences. We found YFKYWDQTY in ORF1ab protein, VYDPLQPEL and TVYDPLQPEL in spike (S) protein might be pan-coronavirus targets for vaccine development. All the predicted results are stored in a database COVIEdb (http://biopharm.zju.edu.cn/coviedb/).

scholarly journals Methodology for sampling and detection of airborne coronavirus including SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2098016
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Yun ◽  
Jinho Yang ◽  
Ji-Hoon Seo ◽  
Jong-Ryeul Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

In recent years, several epidemics by transmissible respiratory viruses have emerged, especially pandemics caused by coronaviruses. The most significant public health emergency may be the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the transmission of infectious disease plays an important role in healthcare for protecting and implementing effective measures for public health. However, studies on SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics are lacking. Infection with the airborne virus is very important and airborne transmission is likely to cause major problems. However, research on the aerosol route of the virus is very limited. Here, we aimed to present airborne coronavirus detection methods in previous studies and address the importance of methodology for the future. In previous studies on airborne coronavirus, detection methods were different in each study. Therefore, comparison between the airborne virus detected in each study is impossible, and the risk assessment could not be properly analysed due to limitations in applying it as basic data. There is currently a risk assessment for coronavirus, but the risk assessment due to airborne transmission is insufficient. Therefore, recommending accurate guidelines for airborne transmission is difficult. Future research should be conducted to standardize airborne virus detection methods to prevent transmission through rapid risk assessment and monitoring.

scholarly journals COVID 19 pandemic: Lesson learned by South Korea and its application with India’s perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-609
Author(s):  
Smita Sinha ◽  
Rishita Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel coronavirus named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in December 2019, in Wuhan city of Hubei province of China, which got transmitted throughout the nation and even world. It was declared as a Public Health Emergency by WHO on January 30th 2020, due to the increase in the number of cases reported from various regions of WHO with the evidence of human to human transmission. (1) Spread of COVID-19 across the globe: China reported first COVID-19 death on January 11th 2020.  After a few weeks, 830 cases were diagnosed in China along with 26 reported deaths. By January 20, Wuhan was placed under lockdown and China alerted other nations about its spread in various provinces. (2) This contagious disease had spread to 24 nations outside China-Hong Kong-Macau, by 2nd February.  About 172 countries and regions were engulfed by this virus by March 25, 2020. (3) Globally over 3,308,643 cases have been confirmed, over 234,123 deaths have been reported, and around 1,042,981 have recovered as on 30th April 2020. (4) Controlling the Pandemic COVID 19: success story of the Republic of Korea: Initially, one country which successfully stood out from the rest of the world was South Korea. The country confirmed its first few cases in late January and then reported a surge in the cases a few weeks later. The country was exploded with cases in dozens to hundreds to thousands during late February and early March and launched drive-through testing centers and massive contact tracing. Almost 909 new cases were identified in a single day of February 29th 2020 and was reported at peak. This data brought the country with 50 million population on the verge of a deluge. But the number of new cases was halved within a time period of just a week. The number of cases reduced to half within four days, and it halved, again the following day. (5)    

scholarly journals Covid- 19 Confirmed, Recovered, Death Cases In India: Ratio Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-212
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Ratio Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Death Cases

: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has effected the 213 countries around the world.It has declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 by WHO and created tremendous chaos around the world, affecting people’s lives and causing a large number of deaths. On the date of 21st April 2020 total covid confirmed cases are 5,090,977,recovered cases are 2,025,878 and death cases are 329,757. To study the relation between the confirmed ,recovered and death cases in India this study has been undertaken . For the same Ratio analysis technique is used. Here will trying to find that the number of recovered cases will have effect the number of death cases.

2019 Novel Coronavirus: A review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Current Clinical Trials in Vaccine Development

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megala Jayaraman ◽  
Sabari Krishna B. B. ◽  
Parijat Dutta ◽  
Jayesh Telang ◽  
Sreshta Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

: Coronavirus disease-2019, a viral disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified by the Centre for Disease Control (CDC), China on January 7, 2020. This mysterious respiratory epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019. A month later its outbreak in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) due to its severity and high transmission potential throughout the world, leading many nations to implement multiple lockdown sessions and strict social distancing measures. As of September 21, 2020, 30,675,675 active cases and 954,417 deaths had been reported worldwide. Intensive research is being carried out across the globe to identify precise diagnostic techniques and to develop novel, effective vaccines against the virus. Herein, we elaborate on details of epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and vaccine trials related to this pandemic.

scholarly journals Efforts at COVID-19 Vaccine Development: Challenges and Successes

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azizul Haque ◽  
Anudeep B. Pant
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
The U.S

The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus (CoV), throughout the globe poses a daunting public health emergency. Different preventive efforts have been undertaken in response to this global health predicament; amongst them, vaccine development is at the forefront. Several sophisticated designs have been applied to create a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, and 44 candidates have already entered clinical trials. At present, it is unclear which ones will meet the objectives of efficiency and safety, though several vaccines are gearing up to obtain emergency approval in the U.S. and Europe. This manuscript discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various vaccine platforms and evaluates the safety and efficacy of vaccines in advance stages. Once a vaccine is developed, the next challenge will be acquisition, deployment, and uptake. The present manuscript describes these challenges in detail and proposes solutions to the vast array of translational challenges. It is evident from the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 that the virus will remain a threat to everybody as long as the virus is still circulating in a few. We need affordable vaccines that are produced in sufficient quantity for use in every corner of the world.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Low-Middle Income Setting Of Central America Four Region: Limitations on Prevention, Diagnosis, Management and Economic Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Eleazar Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Central America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

The outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019 has spread rapidly; starting in Wuhan China, reporting a cluster of cases of Pneumonia associated with 2019-nCoV on December 31, 2019. Now with confirmed cases around the world, approximately 128 of 195 countries in total. By the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization declared the current COVID-19 epidemic a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHIC) along with the first confirmed case in the United States.

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