scholarly journals Estimating Position from Millisecond Samples of GPS Signals (the “FastFix” Algorithm)

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 6480
Author(s):  
Timothy C. A. Molteno
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Median Error ◽  
Least Squares Optimization ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Gps Devices ◽  
Gps System ◽  
Band Signal

A new approach to GPS positioning is described in which the post-processing of ultra-short sequences of captured GPS signal data can produce an estimate of receiver location. The algorithm, called ‘FastFix’, needs only 2–4 ms of stored L1-band data sampled at ∼16 MHz. The algorithm uses a least-squares optimization to estimate receiver position and GPS time from measurements of the relative codephase, and Doppler-shift of GNSS satellite signals. A practical application of this algorithm is demonstrated in a small, lightweight, low-power tracking tag that periodically wakes-up, records and stores 4 ms of GPS L1-band signal and returns to a low-power state—reducing power requirements by a factor of ∼10,000 compared to typical GPS devices. Stationary device testing shows a median error of 27.7 m with a small patch antenna. Results from deployment of this tag on adult Royal Albatross show excellent performance, demonstrating lightweight, solar-powered, long-term tracking of these remarkable birds. This work was performed on the GPS system; however, the algorithm is applicable to other GNSS systems.

Reduction of major amputations in the diabetic ischaemic foot: A strategy to "take control" with conservative care as well as revascularisation

VASA ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement 58) ◽  
pp. 6-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmonds ◽  
Foster
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Vascular Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Conservative Care ◽  
Arterial Bypass ◽  
Therapeutic Footwear ◽  
Frequent Problem

The diabetic ischaemic foot has become an increasingly frequent problem over the last decade. However, we report a new approach consisting of a basic classification, a simple staging system of the natural history and a treatment plan for each stage, within a multi-disciplinary framework. This approach of "taking control" consists of two parts: 1. long-term conservative care including debridement of ulcers (to obtain wound control), eradication of sepsis (micribiological control), and provision of therapeutic footwear (mechanical control), and 2. revascularisation by angioplasty and arterial bypass (vascular control). This approach has led to a 50% reduction in the rate of major amputations in patients attending with ischaemic ulceration and absent foot pulses from 1989 to 1999 (from 4.6% to 2.3% per year). Patients who underwent angioplasty increased from 6% to 13%. Arterial bypass similarly increased from 3% to 7% of cases. However, even with an increased rate of revascularisation, 80% of patients responded to conservative care alone. This,we conclude, is an essential part of the management of all patients with ischaemic feet.

Attention To Music In The Years Of Independence: A New Approach To Scientific Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (09) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
Sultanov A. ◽  
Tajiboev E.
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Modern Methods

This article reveals the attention paid to music education in Uzbekistan, the new approach implemented in the education system, the development of pedagogical educational technologies and modern methods based on long-term independence.

CHANGES IN BLOOD PROTEOME OF COSMONAUTS WITH MICRO- AND MACROVASCULAR INJURIES DUE TO G-LOADS AT THE FINAL STAGE OF LONG-DURATION SPACE MISSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
L.Kh. Pastushkova ◽  
◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Blood Rheology ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Integrated Response

The integrated response of the human proteome to re-entry g-loads following long-term space missions was studied in 13 male cosmonauts at the age of 44 ± 6 years. Examination at the landing site discovered local petechial hemorrhages into soft tissues of the back and lower legs. The paper presents a new approach to evaluation of petechia and soft tissue hemorrhages in cosmonauts on return to Earth. Proteomic analysis was performed with the use of LC-MS. Bioinformation analysis was made using Perseus, PubMed, Uniprot and ANDSystem software. Nine out of 19 significantly different (p < 0.05) proteins were related to vascular injuries directly. We described proteins with a primarily protecting effect against endothelial cells apoptosis and augmentation of vascular permeability, proteins that are responsible for blood rheology and proteins antagonistic to the main triggers of ischeamia-reperfusion injuries of the lungs, liver and other parenchymal organs.

Guideline for the management of long tunnelled external ventricular drains in chronic hydrocephalus

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Phillip Correia Copley ◽  
John Emelifeonwu ◽  
Pasquale Gallo ◽  
Drahoslav Sokol ◽  
Jothy Kandasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Pilocytic Astrocytoma ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Viable Treatment

This article reports on the journey of a child with an inoperable hypothalamic-origin pilocytic astrocytoma causing hydrocephalus, which was refractory to treatment with shunts, and required a new approach. With multidisciplinary support, excellent nursing care and parental education, the child's hydrocephalus was managed long term in the community with bilateral long-tunnelled external ventricular drains (LTEVDs). This article describes the patient's journey and highlights the treatment protocols that were created to achieve this feat. Despite the difficulties in initially setting up these protocols, they proved successful and thus the team managing the patient proposed that LTEVDs are a viable treatment option for children with hydrocephalus in the context of inoperable tumours to help maximise quality of life.

Brains that Fire Together Wire Together: Interbrain Plasticity Underlies Learning in Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842199668
Author(s):  
Simone G. Shamay-Tsoory
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Facilitation Effect ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Long Term Experience

Social interactions are powerful determinants of learning. Yet the field of neuroplasticity is deeply rooted in probing changes occurring in synapses, brain structures, and networks within an individual brain. Here I synthesize disparate findings on network neuroplasticity and mechanisms of social interactions to propose a new approach for understanding interaction-based learning that focuses on the dynamics of interbrain coupling. I argue that the facilitation effect of social interactions on learning may be explained by interbrain plasticity, defined here as the short- and long-term experience-dependent changes in interbrain coupling. The interbrain plasticity approach may radically change our understanding of how we learn in social interactions.

scholarly journals Design of a high-stability heterogeneous clock system for small satellites in LEO

GPS Solutions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damon Van Buren ◽  
Penina Axelrad ◽  
Scott Palo
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Satellite ◽  
Crystal Oscillator ◽  
Small Satellites ◽  
Clock System ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractWe describe our investigation into the performance of low-power heterogeneous timing systems for small satellites, using real GPS observables from the GRACE Follow-On mission. Small satellites have become capable platforms for a wide range of commercial, scientific and defense missions, but they are still unable to meet the needs of missions that require precise timing, on the order of a few nanoseconds. Improved low-power onboard clocks would make small satellites a viable option for even more missions, enabling radio aperture interferometry, improved radio occultation measurements, high altitude GPS navigation, and GPS augmentation missions, among others. One approach for providing improved small satellite timekeeping is to combine a heterogeneous group of oscillators, each of which provides the best stability over a different time frame. A hardware architecture that uses a single-crystal oscillator, one or more Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) and the reference time from a GPS receiver is presented. The clocks each contribute stability over a subset of timeframes, resulting in excellent overall system stability for timeframes ranging from less than a second to several days. A Kalman filter is used to estimate the long-term errors of the CSACs based on the CSAC-GPS time difference, and the improved CSAC time is used to discipline the crystal oscillator, which provides the high-stability reference clock for the small satellite. Simulations using GRACE-FO observations show time error standard deviations for the system range from 2.3 ns down to 1.3 ns for the clock system, depending on how many CSACs are used. The results provide insight into the timing performance which could be achieved on small LEO spacecraft by a low power timing system.

scholarly journals Long-Term Follow-Up of Giant Symptomatic Hepatic Hemangiomas Treated with Direct Sclerotherapy: Introducing a New Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Rokni Yazdi ◽  
Niloofar Ayoobi Yazdi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Mehrabinejad ◽  
Habibollah Dashti ◽  
Morteza Ghassed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Approach ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Hepatic Hemangiomas

Strut remodeling with hypercompliant balloon: A new approach to Y stent-assisted coil embolization in the treatment of complex wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms

2020 ◽  
pp. 159101992098433
Author(s):  
Ali Burak Binboga ◽  
Mehmet Onay ◽  
Cetin Murat Altay
Keyword(s):  
Coil Embolization ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Safety Effectiveness ◽  
Wide Neck

Background The objective of this study was to present the long-term safety and effectiveness of strand remodelling with a hypercompliant balloon. Methods Patients with complex wide-neck bifurcation aneurysms (WNBAs) who underwent strand remodelling with a hypercompliant balloon via Y-stent-assisted coil embolization (Y-SACE) between September 2016 and January 2020 were included in the study. The feasibility, safety, effectiveness, and complication rates of the strand remodelling technique were investigated. Results A total of 12 patients (6 females, 6 males) were included in this study. Significant expansion was obtained in the intersection zone after remodelling. No regression was observed in the expansion rates during follow-up. There was no additional morbidity or mortality. No delayed thromboembolic complications occurred in our patients during long-term follow-up. Conclusions Performing strand remodelling to reduce thromboembolic complications triggered by structural faults caused by the Y-stent configuration is feasible, safe, and effective. This new approach can aid in the prevention of thromboembolic complications in Y-SACE.

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