scholarly journals An Efficient Coded Streaming Using Clients’ Cache

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6220
Author(s):  
Tae-Won Ban ◽  
Woongsup Lee ◽  
Jongyeol Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Index Coding ◽  
Backward Compatibility ◽  
Video Streaming Scheme ◽  
Exclusive Or ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Grouping Algorithm

As multimedia traffic has been increasing and is expected to grow more sharply, various technologies using caches have been attracting lots of attention. As one breakthrough technology to deal with the explosively growing traffic, exclusive OR (XOR)-based index coding has been widely investigated because it can greatly enhance the efficiency of network resource by reducing the number of transmissions. In this paper, we investigate how to apply XOR-based index coding to large-scaled practical streaming systems for video traffic that accounts for more than 70% of total Internet traffic. Contrary to most previous studies that have focused on theoretical analysis of optimal performance or development of optimal index coding schemes, our study proposes a new XOR coding-based video streaming (XC). We also propose a new grouping algorithm for creating XC groups while guaranteeing the complete backward compatibility of XC with existing streaming schemes such as unicast (UC), multicast (MC), and broadcast (BC). The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in two steps. First, the behavior of video contents in caches at clients is modeled as a Markov chain, and the steady-state probabilities and caching probabilities for each piece of video content are derived. Based on the probabilities, the performance of the proposed system is then analyzed in terms of the average number of connections that each client requires in order to receive one video content. Our numerical results show that the proposed video streaming scheme using XC can reduce the average number of transmissions by up to 18%, compared to the conventional scheme.

scholarly journals Robust Video Communication over an Urban VANET

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Qadri ◽  
M. Altaf ◽  
M. Fleury ◽  
M. Ghanbari
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Source Coding ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Video Communication ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Multiple Path ◽  
Quality Video ◽  
Considerable Benefit ◽  
Redundancy Coding

Video communication within a Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) has the potential to be of considerable benefit in an urban emergency, as it allows emergency vehicles approaching the scene to better understand the nature of the emergency. However, the lack of centralized routing and network resource management within a VANET is an impediment to video streaming. To overcome these problems the paper pioneers source-coding techniques for VANET video streaming. The paper firstly investigates two practical multiple-path schemes, Video Redundancy Coding (VRC) and the H.264/AVC codec's redundant frames. The VRC scheme is reinforced by gradual decoder refresh to improve the delivered video quality. Evaluation shows that multiple-path 'redundant frames' achieves acceptable video quality at some destinations, whereas VRC is insufficient. The paper also demonstrates a third source coding scheme, single-path streaming with Flexible Macroblock Ordering, which is also capable of delivery of reasonable quality video. Therefore, video communication between vehicles is indeed shown to be feasible in an urban emergency if the suitable source coding techniques are selected.

Peer-to-Peer Video Streaming

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-228
Author(s):  
Jânio M. Monteiro ◽  
Rui S. Cruz ◽  
Charalampos Z. Patrikakis ◽  
Nikolaos C. Papaoulakis ◽  
Carlos T. Calafate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Ip Networks ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Multicast Protocols ◽  
Video Distribution ◽  
To Receive

The Internet as a video distribution medium has seen a tremendous growth in recent years. Currently, the transmission of major live events and TV channels over the Internet can easily reach hundreds or millions of users trying to receive the same content using very distinct receiver terminals, placing both scalability and heterogeneity challenges to content and network providers. In private and well-managed Internet Protocol (IP) networks these types of distributions are supported by specially designed architectures, complemented with IP Multicast protocols and Quality of Service (QoS) solutions. However, the Best-Effort and Unicast nature of the Internet requires the introduction of a new set of protocols and related architectures to support the distribution of these contents. In the field of file and non-real time content distributions this has led to the creation and development of several Peer-to-Peer protocols that have experienced great success in recent years. This chapter presents the current research and developments in Peer-to-Peer video streaming over the Internet. A special focus is made on peer protocols, associated architectures and video coding techniques. The authors also review and describe current Peer-to-Peer streaming solutions.

Content-Based Video Streaming Approaches and Challenges

2011 ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf M.A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Video Streaming ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
Integrative Study ◽  
Integration Techniques ◽  
Content Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques

Video streaming poses significant technical challenges in quality of service guarantee and efficient resource management. Generally, it is recognized that end-to-end quality requirements of video streaming application can be reasonably achieved only by integrative study of advanced networking and content processing techniques. However, most existing integration techniques stop at the bit stream level, ignoring a deeper understanding of the media content. Yet, the underlying visual content of the video stream contains a vast amount of information that can be used to predict the bit-rate or quality more accurately. In the content-aware video streaming framework, video content is extracted automatically and used to control video quality under various manipulations and network resource requirements.

scholarly journals P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Asís López-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Video Coding ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Scalable Video Coding ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Scalable Video ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Multiple Description ◽  
Video Distribution ◽  
P2p Video Streaming

P2P video streaming combining SVC and MDC In this paper we propose and evaluate a combined SVC-MDC (Scalable Video Coding & Multiple Description Video Coding) video coding scheme for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) video multicast. The proposed scheme is based on a full cooperation established between the peer sites, which contribute their upload capacity during video distribution. The source site splits the video content into many small blocks and assigns each block to a single peer for redistribution. Our solution is implemented in a fully meshed P2P network in which peers are connected to each other via UDP (User Datagram Protocol) links. The video content is encoded by using the Scalable Video Coding (SVC) method. We present a flow control mechanism that allows us to optimize dynamically the overall throughput and to automatically adjust video quality for each peer. Thus, peers with different upload capacity receive different video quality. We also combine the SVC method with Multiple Description Coding (MDC) to alleviate the packet loss problem. We implemented and tested this approach in the PlanetLab infrastructure. The obtained results show that our solution achieves good performance and remarkable video quality in the presence of packet loss.

scholarly journals Outdoor Fitness Equipment Usage Behaviors in Natural Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsueh-wen Chow ◽  
Dai-Rong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Video Content Analysis ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Natural Settings

Outdoor fitness equipment (OFE) areas have become a popular form of built environment infrastructure in public open spaces as a means to improve public health through increased physical activity. However, the benefits of using OFE are not consistent, and several OFE accidents have been reported. In this study, we videotaped how OFE users operate OFE in parks and selected four types of popular OFE (the waist twister, air walker, ski machine, and waist/back massager) for video content analysis. Furthermore, we established coding schemes and compared results with the instructions provided by OFE manufacturers. The results revealed various usage behaviors for the same OFE types. In addition, we observed that a significant portion of user behaviors did not follow manufacturers’ instructions, which might pose potential risks or actually cause injuries. Children are especially prone to act improperly. This study provides empirical evidence indicating the existence of potential safety risks due to inappropriate usage behaviors that might lead to accidents and injuries while using OFE. This study provides crucial information that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of OFE and to develop future park or open space initiatives.

QoE-Driven Efficient Resource Utilisation for Video Over Critical Communication Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 168-187
Author(s):  
Emad Abdullah Danish ◽  
Mazin I. Alshamrani
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
3D Video ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Coding Schemes ◽  
Efficient Resource

Research in network resource utilisation introduced several techniques for more efficient power and bandwidth consumption. The majority of these techniques, however, were based on Quality of Service (QoS) and network parameters. Therefore, in this study a different approach is taken to investigate the possibility of a more efficient resource utilisation if resources are distributed based on users' Quality of Experience (QoE), in the context of 3D video transmission over WiMAX access networks. In particular, this study suggests a QoE-driven technique to identify the operational regions (bounds) for Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS). A mobile 3D video transmission is simulated, through which the correlation between receiver's Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and perceived video quality is identified. The main conclusions drawn from the study demonstrate that a considerable saving in signal power and bandwidth can be achieved in comparison to QoS-based techniques.

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