scholarly journals An Analysis of Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Sensitivity to Heterogeneous Media

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5372
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Brace ◽  
Sevde Etoz
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Effective Permittivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Field Sensitivity ◽  
Tissue Interface ◽  
Probe Spectroscopy ◽  
Multiple Metrics ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Coaxial Probe

Open-ended coaxial probe spectroscopy is commonly used to determine the dielectric permittivity of biological tissues. However, heterogeneities in the probe sensing region can limit measurement precision and reproducibility. This study presents an analysis of the coaxial probe sensing region to elucidate the effects of heterogeneities on measured permittivity. Coaxial probe spectroscopy at 0.5–20 GHz was numerically simulated while a homogenous background was perturbed with a small inclusion of contrasting permittivity. Shifts in the measured effective permittivity provided a three-dimensional assessment of the probe sensitivity field. Sensitivity was well-approximated by the square of the electric field for each analyzed probe. Smaller probes were more sensitive to heterogeneities throughout their sensing region, but were less sensitive to spectral effects compared to larger probes. The probe sensing diameter was less than 0.5 mm in all directions by multiple metrics. Therefore, small heterogeneities may substantially impact permittivity measurement in biological tissues if located near the probe-tissue interface.

Three-Dimensional Visualization of the T-System of Frog Muscle Using High Voltage Electron Microscopy and a Lanthanum Stain

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 570-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee D. Peachey ◽  
Clara Franzini-Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transverse Tubular System ◽  
Peroxidase Reaction ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
T System

The effective study of biological tissues in thick slices of embedded material by high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) requires highly selective staining of those structures to be visualized so that they are not hidden or obscured by other structures in the image. A tilt pair of micrographs with subsequent stereoscopic viewing can be an important aid in three-dimensional visualization of these images, once an appropriate stain has been found. The peroxidase reaction has been used for this purpose in visualizing the T-system (transverse tubular system) of frog skeletal muscle by HVEM (1). We have found infiltration with lanthanum hydroxide to be particularly useful for three-dimensional visualization of certain aspects of the structure of the T- system in skeletal muscles of the frog. Specifically, lanthanum more completely fills the lumen of the tubules and is denser than the peroxidase reaction product.

scholarly journals A computational framework for modeling cell–matrix interactions in soft biological tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas F. Eichinger ◽  
Maximilian J. Grill ◽  
Iman Davoodi Kermani ◽  
Roland C. Aydin ◽  
Wolfgang A. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Mechanical Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
Short Time

AbstractLiving soft tissues appear to promote the development and maintenance of a preferred mechanical state within a defined tolerance around a so-called set point. This phenomenon is often referred to as mechanical homeostasis. In contradiction to the prominent role of mechanical homeostasis in various (patho)physiological processes, its underlying micromechanical mechanisms acting on the level of individual cells and fibers remain poorly understood, especially how these mechanisms on the microscale lead to what we macroscopically call mechanical homeostasis. Here, we present a novel computational framework based on the finite element method that is constructed bottom up, that is, it models key mechanobiological mechanisms such as actin cytoskeleton contraction and molecular clutch behavior of individual cells interacting with a reconstructed three-dimensional extracellular fiber matrix. The framework reproduces many experimental observations regarding mechanical homeostasis on short time scales (hours), in which the deposition and degradation of extracellular matrix can largely be neglected. This model can serve as a systematic tool for future in silico studies of the origin of the numerous still unexplained experimental observations about mechanical homeostasis.

scholarly journals Three dimensional assessment of segmented Le Fort I osteotomy planning and follow-up: a validation study

2021 ◽  
pp. 103707
Author(s):  
Oliver da Costa Senior ◽  
Lukas Vaes ◽  
Delphine Mulier ◽  
Reinhilde Jacobs ◽  
Constantinus Politis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Le Fort I Osteotomy ◽  
Le Fort ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Le Fort I

scholarly journals Two-dimensional and Three-dimensional Assessment of the Upper Airway

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Vilaza ◽  
Pamela Araya-Díaz ◽  
Hernán M Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Assessment

scholarly journals High-resolution three-dimensional probes of biomaterials and their interfaces

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1963) ◽  
pp. 1337-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Grandfield ◽  
Anders Palmquist ◽  
Håkan Engqvist
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Bone Interface ◽  
Biomaterial Interfaces ◽  
Titania Coating

Interfacial relationships between biomaterials and tissues strongly influence the success of implant materials and their long-term functionality. Owing to the inhomogeneity of biological tissues at an interface, in particular bone tissue, two-dimensional images often lack detail on the interfacial morphological complexity. Furthermore, the increasing use of nanotechnology in the design and production of biomaterials demands characterization techniques on a similar length scale. Electron tomography (ET) can meet these challenges by enabling high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of biomaterial interfaces. In this article, we review the fundamentals of ET and highlight its recent applications in probing the three-dimensional structure of bioceramics and their interfaces, with particular focus on the hydroxyapatite–bone interface, titanium dioxide–bone interface and a mesoporous titania coating for controlled drug release.

Three-Dimensional Assessment of MRI-Guided Percutaneous Cryotherapy of Liver Metastases

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart G. Silverman ◽  
Maryellen R. M. Sun ◽  
Kemal Tuncali ◽  
Paul R. Morrison ◽  
Eric vanSonnenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mri Guided ◽  
Dimensional Assessment
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