scholarly journals Accuracy and Precision Assessment of AoA-Based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Infrastructure Lighting and a Position-Sensitive Detector

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5359
Author(s):  
Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo ◽  
David Salido-Monzú ◽  
José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea ◽  
Alfredo Gardel-Vicente ◽  
Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Position ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
External Information ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Position Sensitive

Unlike GNSS-based outdoor positioning, there is no technological alternative for Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) that generally stands out from the others. In indoor contexts, the measurement technologies and localization strategies to be used depend strongly on the application requirements and are complementary to each other. In this work, we present an optical IPS based on a Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD) and exploiting illumination infrastructure to determine the target position by Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements. We combine the proposed IPS with different positioning strategies depending on the number of visible emitters (one, two, or more) and available prior or additional information about the scenario and target. The accuracy and precision of the proposal is assessed experimentally for the different strategies in a 2.47 m high space covering approximately 2.2 m2, using high-end geodetic equipment to establish the reference ground truth. When the orientation of the target is known from external measurements, an average positioning error of 8.2 mm is obtained using the signal received from only one emitter. Using simultaneous observations from two emitters, an average positioning error of 9.4 mm is obtained without external information when the target movement is restricted to a plane. Conversely, if four signals are available, an average positioning error of 4.9 cm is demonstrated, yielding the complete 3D pose of the target free of any prior assumption or additional measurements. In all cases, a precision (2σ) better than 5.9 mm is achieved across the complete test space for an integration time of 10 ms. The proposed system represents a prospectively useful alternative for indoor positioning applications requiring fast and reliable cm-level accuracy with moderate cost when smart illumination infrastructure is available in the environment.

scholarly journals Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3924
Author(s):  
Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo ◽  
José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea ◽  
Alfredo Gardel-Vicente ◽  
David Salido-Monzú ◽  
Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Error Assessment ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Weak Calibration

Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments.

Analysis on the Position Sensitive Detector Positioning Error Caused by Laser Spot Using New Three-Ray Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-958
Author(s):  
方关明 Fang Guanming ◽  
曹益平 Cao Yiping ◽  
周力萍 Zhou Liping
Keyword(s):  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Laser Spot ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive

Hydrostatic Fiber Optic Liquid Level Sensor with position sensitive detector

Metrologiya ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
V. N. Astapov ◽  
I. N. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensor ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Triangulation Sensor

This article presents the rationale and methodology for developing an intrinsically safe device, namely, a hydrostatic fiber optic sensor with a position-sensitive detector for monitoring the level of oil products in large-capacity tanks at oil depots and during pumping in a raw material warehouses. This device suitable for continuous monitoring of the liquid level, based on the measurement of a hydrostatic column of liquid with automatic offset of changes in the density of the liquid. Offset is carried out by means of a displacer (a fully submerged float), inside which a housing with a position-sensitive detector (PSD) is integrated. Theoretical validation of the bellows suspension usage for a displacer is given. During filling a container with a liquid whose level is measured, liquid bellows, the movement of which is recorded by an optical triangulation sensor using the reflected infrared ray incident on the bottom of the bellows. The principle of the triangulation sensor operation is based on the geometric properties of the triangles. The pulses of infrared radiation come through a fiber optic cable. In order to measure the movement of the surface (the bottom of the bellows) by measuring the movement of the reflected beam, a position-sensitive detector is used, which is located in a remote controller. In this device for the intrinsic safety problem solution, optical inputs of a fiber optic flat cable are located in the active zone of the sensor, which is connected to the optical inputs of a position-sensitive detector, operated on the principles of photoelectric effect. The light spot moving along the sensitive zone and converted by the detector into a one-dimensional signal proportional to the distance to the object. hydrostatically applies pressure over the entire effective area of the measuring

Control of the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
V. P. Sirotinkin ◽  
O. V. Baranov ◽  
A. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
S. M. Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impurity Phases ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The results of studying the phase composition of advanced calcium phosphates Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, β-Ca3(PO4)2, α-Ca3(PO4)2, CaHPO4 · 2H2O, Ca8(HPO4)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O using an x-ray diffractometer with a curved position-sensitive detector are presented. Optimal experimental conditions (angular positions of the x-ray tube and detector, size of the slits, exposure time) were determined with allowance for possible formation of the impurity phases during synthesis. The construction features of diffractometers with a position-sensitive detector affecting the profile characteristics of x-ray diffraction peaks are considered. The composition for calibration of the diffractometer (a mixture of sodium acetate and yttrium oxide) was determined. Theoretical x-ray diffraction patterns for corresponding calcium phosphates are constructed on the basis of the literature data. These x-ray diffraction patterns were used to determine the phase composition of the advanced calcium phosphates. The features of advanced calcium phosphates, which should be taken into account during the phase analysis, are indicated. The powder of high-temperature form of tricalcium phosphate strongly adsorbs water from the environment. A strong texture is observed on the x-ray diffraction spectra of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate. A rather specific x-ray diffraction pattern of octacalcium phosphate pentahydrate revealed the only one strong peak at small angles. In all cases, significant deviations are observed for the recorded angular positions and relative intensity of the diffraction peaks. The results of the study of experimentally obtained mixtures of calcium phosphate are presented. It is shown that the graphic comparison of experimental x-ray diffraction spectra and pre-recorded spectra of the reference calcium phosphates and possible impurity phases is the most effective method. In this case, there is no need for calibration. When using this method, the total time for analysis of one sample is no more than 10 min.

Position-sensitive detector of neutrons and nuclear fragments in the kinetic energy range of 10–200 MeV

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Goryachev ◽  
N. M. Zhigareva ◽  
D. Yu. Kirin ◽  
K. R. Mikhailov ◽  
P. A. Polozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Position Sensitive

Study of Barrel Bending Measurement and Correcting Model with PSD and Gun Barrel Robot

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2281-2284
Author(s):  
Xiang Fei Meng ◽  
Chang Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Position Sensitive Detector ◽  
Automated Measurement ◽  
Sensitive Detector ◽  
Gun Barrel ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Launch Angle

To solve the problem that bending caused by the weight of gun barrel will affect firing accuracy, the paper put forward a method that uses position sensitive detector (PSD) , gun barrel robot and some other testing equipments to carry on a automated measurement on gun barrel, and establish a correcting model according to the measured results. By this way it can amend gun launch angle to improve firing accuracy and the hitting accuracy of first Shot.

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