scholarly journals The Impact of Rate Adaptation Algorithms on Wi-Fi-Based Factory Automation Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5195
Author(s):  
Tommaso Fedullo ◽  
Federico Tramarin ◽  
Stefano Vitturi
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Factory Automation ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Execution Times ◽  
The Impact

Factory automation systems based on the IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi standard may benefit from its Multi-Rate Support (MRS) feature, which allows for dynamically selecting the most suitable transmission rate for the targeted application context. The MRS is implemented by means of rate adaptation algorithms (RAAs), which has already demonstrated to be effective to improve both timeliness and reliability, which are typically strict requirements of industrial real-time communication systems. Indeed, some of such algorithms have been specifically conceived for reliable real-time communications. However, the computational complexity of such algorithms has not been effectively investigated yet. In this paper, we address such an issue, particularly focusing on the execution times of some specific rate adaptation algorithms, as well as on their impact on the automation tasks. In this respect, after a formal description of the algorithms, we present the outcomes of an extensive experimental session, which includes practical measurements and realistic simulations. The obtained results are encouraging, since the measured execution times indicate that rate adaptation algorithms can be profitably adopted by industrial automation systems, allowing for improving their reliability and timeliness without impacting on the overall performance.

Primus Automation Division, 2002

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bruner ◽  
Robert Hengelbrok ◽  
Sean Carr
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Factory Automation ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
The Impact

In early 2002, an analyst, Tom Baumann, must propose terms for leasing one of his company's advanced factory-automation systems to a major customer. From the lessor's standpoint, the challenge is simply to design an annuity stream that yields a present value equal to, or greater than, the value of the asset being leased. Certain factors, however, serve to complicate the analysis. The tax exposure and debt rating of the customer are uncertain, leaving the analyst to estimate the impact of alternative lease terms under different tax and interest-rate assumptions. Also, the customer is considering leasing competing systems from companies in Germany and Japan; these competing proposals limit Primus's flexibility in tailoring its proposal. In short, the student's task is to design lease terms that exploit the lessee's tax and interest-rate exposure within constraints set by competitive terms.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Xialin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Streaming Applications

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

scholarly journals On the Design of Rate Adaptation for Relay-Assisted Satellite Hybrid FSO/RF Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Le ◽  
Thang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Rf Systems ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper addresses the design of hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) systems for a high-altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite communication for mobile networks supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While prior work primarily focused on fixed-rate design, which frequently switches between FSO and RF lead to reduce the system performance, we propose a rate adaptation design that gradually adjusts the data rate in each link when its channel state fluctuates. The proposed design's downlink performance is analyzed, taking into account many challenging issues, including beam spreading loss, cloud attenuation, statistical behaviors of the atmospheric turbulence in the dual-hop channel, and pointing misalignment due to the UAV hovering. Different performance metrics are analytically derived based on channel modelings, such as outage probability, average transmission rate, achievable spectrum efficiency, and average transmission rate. The numerical results quantitatively confirm the effectiveness of our proposed system under the impact of UAV hovering misalignment and atmospheric-related issues like clouds and turbulence. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of theoretical results.</p>

scholarly journals MIMO Relaying UAVs Operating in Public Safety Scenarios

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Joseanne Viana ◽  
Francisco Cercas ◽  
Américo Correia ◽  
Rui Dinis ◽  
Pedro Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Total Transmission ◽  
Software Network ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

Methods to implement communication in natural and humanmade disasters have been widely discussed in the scientific community. Scientists believe that unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) relays will play a critical role in 5G public safety communications (PSC) due to their technical superiority. They have several significant advantages: a high degree of mobility, flexibility, exceptional line of sight, and real-time adaptative planning. For instance, cell edge coverage could be extended using relay UAVs. This paper summarizes the sidelink evolution in the 3GPP standardization associated with the usage of the device to device (D2D) techniques that use long term evolution (LTE) communication systems, potential extensions for 5G, and a study on the impact of circular mobility on relay UAVs using the software network simulator 3 (NS3). In this simulation, the transmitted packet percentage was evaluated where the speed of the UAV for users was changed. This paper also examines the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication applied to drones and proposes a new trajectory to assist users experiencing unfortunate circumstances. The overall communication is highly dependent on the drone speed and the use of MIMO and suitable antennas may influence overall transmission between users and the UAVs relay. When the UAVs relaying speed was configured at 108 km/h the total transmission rate was reduced to 55% in the group with 6 users allocated to each drone.

scholarly journals Estimated Dissemination Ratio—A Practical Alternative to the Reproduction Number for Infectious Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Pérez-Reche ◽  
Nick Taylor ◽  
Chris McGuigan ◽  
Philip Conaglen ◽  
Ken J. Forbes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Policymakers require consistent and accessible tools to monitor the progress of an epidemic and the impact of control measures in real time. One such measure is the Estimated Dissemination Ratio (EDR), a straightforward, easily replicable, and robust measure of the trajectory of an outbreak that has been used for many years in the control of infectious disease in livestock. It is simple to calculate and explain. Its calculation and use are discussed below together with examples from the current COVID-19 outbreak in the UK. These applications illustrate that EDR can demonstrate changes in transmission rate before they may be clear from the epidemic curve. Thus, EDR can provide an early warning that an epidemic is resuming growth, allowing earlier intervention. A conceptual comparison between EDR and the commonly used reproduction number is also provided.

scholarly journals On the Design of Rate Adaptation for Relay-Assisted Satellite Hybrid FSO/RF Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Le ◽  
Thang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Rf Systems ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper addresses the design of hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) systems for a high-altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite communication for mobile networks supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While prior work primarily focused on fixed-rate design, which frequently switches between FSO and RF lead to reduce the system performance, we propose a rate adaptation design that gradually adjusts the data rate in each link when its channel state fluctuates. The proposed design's downlink performance is analyzed, taking into account many challenging issues, including beam spreading loss, cloud attenuation, statistical behaviors of the atmospheric turbulence in the dual-hop channel, and pointing misalignment due to the UAV hovering. Different performance metrics are analytically derived based on channel modelings, such as outage probability, average transmission rate, achievable spectrum efficiency, and average transmission rate. The numerical results quantitatively confirm the effectiveness of our proposed system under the impact of UAV hovering misalignment and atmospheric-related issues like clouds and turbulence. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of theoretical results.</p>

Effects of Inter Multi-Pulses Interference on Data Rate of UWB Systems Based on Compressed Sensing

2013 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 397-401
Author(s):  
Thanh Son Nguyen ◽  
Shu Xu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Compressed Sensing ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Data Transmission Rate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Uwb Communication

To study this issue, a new structure for UWB communication systems based on compressed sensing (CS) is proposed. This proposals focus on solving two main problems. First, building a system based on the CS to reduce the sampling rate at the receiver. Second, analyzing the impact of inter multi-pulses interference (IMI) to the ability to transmit high data rate of UWB communication systems. Experimental results show that, the IMI will be changed greatly depending on the different types of channel model. In the LOS channel model, the effects of the IMI negligible thus data transmission rate can be achieved up to several hundred Mbps. whereas for the NLOS channel models, the effects of the IMI large so data transmission rate can only reach a few Mbps.

scholarly journals On the Design of Rate Adaptation for Relay-Assisted Satellite Hybrid FSO/RF Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Le ◽  
Thang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Rf Systems ◽  
Average Transmission ◽  
The Impact

<p>This paper addresses the design of hybrid free-space optical/radio frequency (FSO/RF) systems for a high-altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite communication for mobile networks supported by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). While prior work primarily focused on fixed-rate design, which frequently switches between FSO and RF lead to reduce the system performance, we propose a rate adaptation design that gradually adjusts the data rate in each link when its channel state fluctuates. The proposed design's downlink performance is analyzed, taking into account many challenging issues, including beam spreading loss, cloud attenuation, statistical behaviors of the atmospheric turbulence in the dual-hop channel, and pointing misalignment due to the UAV hovering. Different performance metrics are analytically derived based on channel modelings, such as outage probability, average transmission rate, achievable spectrum efficiency, and average transmission rate. The numerical results quantitatively confirm the effectiveness of our proposed system under the impact of UAV hovering misalignment and atmospheric-related issues like clouds and turbulence. Finally, Monte-Carlo simulations validate the accuracy of theoretical results.</p>

scholarly journals A Hybrid Rate Adaptation Framework for MPEG-4 FGS Video Streaming Over IP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Xialin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Video Streaming ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Rate Adaptation ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Loss Ratio ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Packet Loss Ratio ◽  
Streaming Applications

There are increasing demands for real-time streaming video applications over the Internet. However, the current generation Internet was not originally designed for real-time streaming applications and only provides best-effort services, so there are many challenges in the deployment of video streaming applications over the Internet. This thesis investigates a hybrid end-to-end rate adaptation framework that provides application-level enhancements to achieve Quality of Service (QoS) for MPEG-4 FGS-Encoded video bandwidth on the path and the terminal process capabilities based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the packet-loss ratio and then determine their subscribing rate of video streams. The sender adjusts the transmission rate based on the proportion of load status feedbacks from the receivers. The sender and the receivers act together to minimize the possibility of network congestion by adjusting the transmission rate to match the network conditions. This framework achieves inter-receiver fairness in a heterogeneous multicast environment and improves QoS stability for MPEG-4 FGS video streaming over the Internet.

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