scholarly journals Recent Advances in Electrochemical Monitoring of Chromium

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5153
Author(s):  
Nazha Hilali ◽  
Hasna Mohammadi ◽  
Aziz Amine ◽  
Nadia Zine ◽  
Abdelhamid Errachid

The extensive use of chromium by several industries conducts to the discharge of an immense quantity of its various forms in the environment which affects drastically the ecological and biological lives especially in the case of hexavalent chromium. Electrochemical sensors and biosensors are useful devices for chromium determination. In the last five years, several sensors based on the modification of electrode surface by different nanomaterials (fluorine tin oxide, titanium dioxide, carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles and nanocomposite) and biosensors with different biorecognition elements (microbial fuel cell, bacteria, enzyme, DNA) were employed for chromium monitoring. Herein, recent advances related to the use of electrochemical approaches for measurement of trivalent and hexavalent chromium from 2015 to 2020 are reported. A discussion of both chromium species detections and speciation studies is provided.

2021 ◽  
pp. 106776
Author(s):  
Shanshan Fu ◽  
Yuan Zhu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Mingjuan Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Marcel Simsek ◽  
Nongnoot Wongkaew

AbstractNon-enzymatic electrochemical sensors possess superior stability and affordability in comparison to natural enzyme-based counterparts. A large variety of nanomaterials have been introduced as enzyme mimicking with appreciable sensitivity and detection limit for various analytes of which glucose and H2O2 have been mostly investigated. The nanomaterials made from noble metal, non-noble metal, and metal composites, as well as carbon and their derivatives in various architectures, have been extensively proposed over the past years. Three-dimensional (3D) transducers especially realized from the hybrids of carbon nanomaterials either with metal-based nanocatalysts or heteroatom dopants are favorable owing to low cost, good electrical conductivity, and stability. In this critical review, we evaluate the current strategies to create such nanomaterials to serve as non-enzymatic transducers. Laser writing has emerged as a powerful tool for the next generation of devices owing to their low cost and resultant remarkable performance that are highly attractive to non-enzymatic transducers. So far, only few works have been reported, but in the coming years, more and more research on this topic is foreseeable. Graphical abstract


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Chen ◽  
Huimin Wu ◽  
Xiaoqian Tang ◽  
Zhaowei Zhang ◽  
peiwu Li

2021 ◽  
pp. 338480
Author(s):  
Qing Li ◽  
Jing-Tao Wu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xiao-Man Qi ◽  
Hong-Guang Jin ◽  
...  

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhai Wang ◽  
Weipeng Zhuang ◽  
Wenfeng Liang ◽  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this paper, we review recent research developments regarding the tribological performances of a series of inorganic nano-additives in lubricating fluids. First, we examine several basic types of inorganic nanomaterials, including metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon nanomaterials, and “other” nanomaterials. More specifically, the metallic nanoparticles we examine include silver, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten nanoparticles; the metal oxides include CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and several double-metal oxides; the carbon nanomaterials include fullerene, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxides, graphite, and diamond; and the “other” nanomaterials include metal sulfides, rare-earth compounds, layered double hydroxides, clay minerals, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and nanocomposites. Second, we summarize the lubrication mechanisms of these nano-additives and identify the factors affecting their tribological performance. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges faced by inorganic nanoparticles in lubrication applications and discuss future research directions. This review offers new perspectives to improve our understanding of inorganic nano-additives in tribology, as well as several new approaches to expand their practical applications.


2021 ◽  
pp. 118274
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. Mahmoud ◽  
Sarah M. Elsayed ◽  
Safe ELdeen M.E. Mahmoud ◽  
Reham O. Aljedaani ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Salam

2017 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Li ◽  
Yingying Bian ◽  
Hongxia Qin ◽  
Yaxi Zhang ◽  
Zhenfeng Bian

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