scholarly journals Development Perspective of Bioelectrocatalysis-Based Biosensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Adachi ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Kenji Kano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Enzymatic Cascades ◽  
Multianalyte Detection ◽  
Catalytic Functions ◽  
Development Perspective

Bioelectrocatalysis provides the intrinsic catalytic functions of redox enzymes to nonspecific electrode reactions and is the most important and basic concept for electrochemical biosensors. This review starts by describing fundamental characteristics of bioelectrocatalytic reactions in mediated and direct electron transfer types from a theoretical viewpoint and summarizes amperometric biosensors based on multi-enzymatic cascades and for multianalyte detection. The review also introduces prospective aspects of two new concepts of biosensors: mass-transfer-controlled (pseudo)steady-state amperometry at microelectrodes with enhanced enzymatic activity without calibration curves and potentiometric coulometry at enzyme/mediator-immobilized biosensors for absolute determination.

scholarly journals Development Perspective of Bioelectrocatalysis-based Biosensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Adachi ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Kenji Kano
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Enzymatic Cascades ◽  
Analyte Detection ◽  
Catalytic Functions ◽  
Development Perspective

Bioelectrocatalysis provides the intrinsic catalytic-functions of redox enzymes to non-specific electrode reactions and is the most important and basic concept for biosensors. This review starts by describing fundamental characteristics of bioelectrocatalytic reactions in mediated and direct electron transfer types from a theoretical viewpoint and summarizes amperometric biosensors based on multi-enzymatic cascades and for multi-analyte detection. The review also introduces prospective aspects of two new concepts of biosensors: mass-transfer-controlled (pseudo)steady-state amperometry at microelectrodes with enhanced enzymatic activity without calibration curves and potentiometric coulometry at enzyme/mediator-immobilized biosensors for absolute determination.

scholarly journals Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalysis of Redox Enzymes at Nanostructured Electrodes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Adachi ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Kenji Kano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Type Reaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis, which couples the electrode reactions and catalytic functions of redox enzymes without any redox mediator, is one of the most intriguing subjects that has been studied over the past few decades in the field of bioelectrochemistry. In order to realize the DET-type bioelectrocatalysis and improve the performance, nanostructures of the electrode surface have to be carefully tuned for each enzyme. In addition, enzymes can also be tuned by the protein engineering approach for the DET-type reaction. This review summarizes the recent progresses in this field of the research while considering the importance of nanostructure of electrodes as well as redox enzymes. This review also describes the basic concepts and theoretical aspects of DET-type bioelectrocatalysis, the significance of nanostructures as scaffolds for DET-type reactions, protein engineering approaches for DET-type reactions, and concepts and facts of bidirectional DET-type reactions from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint.

scholarly journals Direct Electron Transfer-type Bioelectrocatalysis of Redox Enzymes at Nanostructured Electrodes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiki Adachi ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Kenji Kano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Protein Engineering ◽  
Electrode Surface ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Type Reaction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electrode Reactions ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Catalytic Functions

Direct electron transfer (DET)-type bioelectrocatalysis, which couples electrode reactions and catalytic functions of redox enzymes without any redox mediator, is one of the most intriguing subjects studied over the past decades in the field of bioelectrochemistry. In order to realize the DET-type bioelectrocatalysis and to improve the performance, nanostructures of the electrode surface have to be carefully tuned for each enzyme. In addition, enzymes can also be tuned by protein engineering approach for the DET-type reaction. This review summarizes the resent progresses in this field of the research, while taking into consideration of the importance of nanostructure of electrodes as well as redox enzymes. Described are basic concepts and theoretical aspects of DET-type bioelectrocatalysis, significance of nanostructures as scaffolds for DET-type reactions, protein engineering approached for DET-type reactions, and concepts and facts of bidirectional DET-type reactions, from a cross-disciplinary viewpoint.

scholarly journals Rational Surface Modification of Carbon Nanomaterials for Improved Direct Electron Transfer-Type Bioelectrocatalysis of Redox Enzymes

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Hongqi Xia ◽  
Jiwu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Rational Surface ◽  
Interfacial Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Oriented Immobilization

Interfacial electron transfer between redox enzymes and electrodes is a key step for enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis in various bioelectrochemical devices. Although the use of carbon nanomaterials enables an increasing number of redox enzymes to carry out bioelectrocatalysis involving direct electron transfer (DET), the role of carbon nanomaterials in interfacial electron transfer remains unclear. Based on the recent progress reported in the literature, in this mini review, the significance of carbon nanomaterials on DET-type bioelectrocatalysis is discussed. Strategies for the oriented immobilization of redox enzymes in rationally modified carbon nanomaterials are also summarized and discussed. Furthermore, techniques to probe redox enzymes in carbon nanomaterials are introduced.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bollella ◽  
Evgeny Katz
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Glucose Oxidase ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.

Sixteenth Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: Frost heave in soils: concepts and engineering

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-M. Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Fundamental Point ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Segregation Potential ◽  
Thermal Histories ◽  
Ice Content ◽  
Lens Formation

Frost heave in soils is analysed from a fundamental point of view to predict the development of periodic ice lens formation that is observed in frozen soils. A model of simultaneous heat and mass transfer associated with three new concepts is described and was found to exhibit many of the frost heave features observed in laboratory tests. An efficient frost heave parameter termed the segregation potential, SP, is also described and found to be an adequate input to a general formulation of heat and mass transfer for the prediction of frost heave in soils for both laboratory and field conditions. Representative values of SP depend on the stress and thermal histories of the soil deposit. The SP-based approach can be used for solving two-dimensional frost heave problems and yields stress, temperature, and ice-content distributions with time. Key words : frost heave, soils, segregation potential, simulation, thermodynamics.

Factors affecting the interaction between carbon nanotubes and redox enzymes in direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-qi Xia ◽  
Yuki Kitazumi ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Hiroki Ozawa ◽  
Maki Onizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Direct Electron Transfer ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Factors Affecting
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