scholarly journals Validity of a New 3-D Motion Analysis Tool for the Assessment of Knee, Hip and Spine Joint Angles during the Single Leg Squat

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4539
Author(s):  
Igor Tak ◽  
Willem-Paul Wiertz ◽  
Maarten Barendrecht ◽  
Rob Langhout
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Passive Tracking ◽  
Single Leg Squat ◽  
University Laboratory

Aim: Study concurrent validity of a new sensor-based 3D motion capture (MoCap) tool to register knee, hip and spine joint angles during the single leg squat. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: University laboratory. Participants: Forty-four physically active (Tegner ≥ 5) subjects (age 22.8 (±3.3)) Main outcome measures: Sagittal and frontal plane trunk, hip and knee angles at peak knee flexion. The sensor-based system consisted of 4 active (triaxial accelerometric, gyroscopic and geomagnetic) sensors wirelessly connected with an iPad. A conventional passive tracking 3D MoCap (OptiTrack) system served as gold standard. Results: All sagittal plane measurement correlations observed were very strong for the knee and hip (r = 0.929–0.988, p < 0.001). For sagittal plane spine assessment, the correlations were moderate (r = 0.708–0.728, p < 0.001). Frontal plane measurement correlations were moderate in size for the hip (ρ = 0.646–0.818, p < 0.001) and spine (ρ = 0.613–0.827, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The 3-D MoCap tool has good to excellent criterion validity for sagittal and frontal plane angles occurring in the knee, hip and spine during the single leg squat. This allows bringing this type of easily accessible MoCap technology outside laboratory settings.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Energy Absorption and Biomechanics During Landing, Part II: Frontal-Plane Energy Analyses and Interplanar Relationships

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc F. Norcross ◽  
Michael D. Lewek ◽  
Darin A. Padua ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz ◽  
Paul S. Weinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Impact Phase

Context: Greater sagittal-plane energy absorption (EA) during the initial impact phase (INI) of landing is consistent with sagittal-plane biomechanics that likely increase anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading, but it does not appear to influence frontal-plane biomechanics. We do not know whether frontal-plane INI EA is related to high-risk frontal-plane biomechanics. Objective: To compare biomechanics among INI EA groups, determine if women are represented more in the high group, and evaluate interplanar INI EA relationships. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 82 (41 men, 41 women; age = 21.0 ± 2.4 years, height = 1.74 ± 0.10 m, mass = 70.3 ± 16.1 kg) healthy, physically active volunteers. Intervention(s): We assessed landing biomechanics with an electromagnetic motion-capture system and force plate. Main Outcome Measure(s): We calculated frontal- and sagittal-plane total, hip, knee, and ankle INI EA. Total frontal-plane INI EA was used to create high, moderate, and low tertiles. Frontal-plane knee and hip kinematics, peak vertical and posterior ground reaction forces, and peak internal knee-varus moment (pKVM) were identified and compared across groups using 1-way analyses of variance. We used a χ2 analysis to evaluate male and female allocation to INI EA groups. We used simple, bivariate Pearson product moment correlations to assess interplanar INI EA relationships. Results: The high–INI EA group exhibited greater knee valgus at ground contact, hip adduction at pKVM, and peak hip adduction than the low–INI EA group (P &lt; .05) and greater peak knee valgus, pKVM, and knee valgus at pKVM than the moderate– (P &lt; .05) and low– (P &lt; .05) INI EA groups. Women were more likely than men to be in the high–INI EA group (χ2 = 4.909, P = .03). Sagittal-plane knee and frontal-plane hip INI EA (r = 0.301, P = .006) and sagittal-plane and frontal-plane ankle INI EA were associated (r = 0.224, P = .04). No other interplanar INI EA relationships were found (P &gt; .05). Conclusions: Greater frontal-plane INI EA was associated with less favorable frontal-plane biomechanics that likely result in greater ACL loading. Women were more likely than men to use greater frontal-plane INI EA. The magnitudes of sagittal- and frontal-plane INI EA were largely independent.

The Effect of the TayCo External Ankle Brace on Multidirectional Reach Distance, Balance, and Motion in Collegiate Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Steven J. Smith ◽  
Cameron J. Powden
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Plane Motion ◽  
Lower Extremity Function ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Ankle Brace

Ensuring ankle stability while allowing for functional movement is important when returning patients to physical activity and attempting to prevent injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the TayCo external and a lace-up ankle brace on lower extremity function, dynamic balance, and motion in 18 physically active participants. Significantly greater range of motion was demonstrated for the TayCo brace compared with the lace-up brace for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, as well as less range of motion for the TayCo brace compared to the lace-up brace for inversion and eversion. The TayCo brace provided restricted frontal plane motion while allowing increased sagittal plane motion without impacting performance measures.

Sensitivity of the Toe Height to Multijoint Angular Changes in the Lower Limbs During Unobstructed and Obstructed Gait

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chuyi Cui ◽  
Brittney Muir ◽  
Shirley Rietdyk ◽  
Jeffrey Haddad ◽  
Richard van Emmerik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb

Tripping while walking is a main contributor to falls across the adult lifespan. Trip risk is proportional to variability in toe clearance. To determine the sources of this variability, the authors computed for 10 young adults the sensitivity of toe clearance to 10 bilateral lower limb joint angles during unobstructed and obstructed walking when the lead and the trail limb crossed the obstacle. The authors computed a novel measure—singular value of the appropriate Jacobian—as the combined toe clearance sensitivity to 4 groups of angles: all sagittal and all frontal plane angles and all swing and all stance limb angles. Toe clearance was most sensitive to the stance hip ab/adduction for unobstructed gait. For obstructed gait, sensitivity to other joints increased and matched the sensitivity to stance hip ab/adduction. Combined sensitivities revealed critical information that was not evident in the sensitivities to individual angles. The combined sensitivity to stance limb angles was 84% higher than swing limb angles. The combined sensitivity to the sagittal plane angles was lower than the sensitivity to the frontal plane angles during unobstructed gait, and this relation was reversed during obstacle crossing. The results highlight the importance of the stance limb joints and indicate that frontal plane angles should not be ignored.

Reliability and Validity of a 2-D Video Digitizing System during a Static and a Dynamic Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Gribble ◽  
Jay Hertel ◽  
Craig Denegar ◽  
William Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Single Plane ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Slow Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Task

Context:The SMART™ software system offers low-cost kinematic analysis through digitization of video from a single camera. The reliability and validity of this product have not been reported.Objective:To assess the reliability and validity of the SMART software during a simple static task and dynamic task.Design:Test–retest to compare assumed neutral and goniometrically measured joint angles in the sagittal plane of the lower extremity.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:7 in a static task, 16 young, physically active in a dynamic task.Results:Measurement error of the SMART system ranged from 0.29° ± 1.98° to 11.07° ± 1.77°. The interrater reliability (ICC2,1) values ranged from .60 to .92 for the static task and from .76 to .89 for the dynamic task.Conclusions:Based on the results of both studies, the SMART system offers a low-cost alternative for reporting single-plane kinematics during an individual frame of video during static stances and slow dynamic tasks with strong reliability and reasonable validity.

scholarly journals Validation of a Commercially Available Markerless Motion-Capture System for Trunk and Lower Extremity Kinematics During a Jump-Landing Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Mauntel ◽  
Kenneth L. Cameron ◽  
Brian Pietrosimone ◽  
Stephen W. Marshall ◽  
Anthony C. Hackney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Joint Angle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Lower Extremity Injury ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Markerless Motion Capture ◽  
Motion Capture Systems

Context Field-based, portable motion-capture systems can be used to help identify individuals at greater risk of lower extremity injury. Microsoft Kinect-based markerless motion-capture systems meet these requirements; however, until recently, these systems were generally not automated, required substantial data postprocessing, and were not commercially available. Objective To validate the kinematic measures of a commercially available markerless motion-capture system. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 20 healthy, physically active university students (10 males, 10 females; age = 20.50 ± 2.78 years, height = 170.36 ± 9.82 cm, mass = 68.38 ± 10.07 kg, body mass index = 23.50 ± 2.40 kg/m2). Intervention(s) Participants completed 5 jump-landing trials. Kinematic data were simultaneously recorded using Kinect-based markerless and stereophotogrammetric motion-capture systems. Main Outcome Measure(s) Sagittal- and frontal-plane trunk, hip-joint, and knee-joint angles were identified at initial ground contact of the jump landing (IC), for the maximum joint angle during the landing phase of the initial landing (MAX), and for the joint-angle displacement from IC to MAX (DSP). Outliers were removed, and data were averaged across trials. We used intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs [2,1]) to assess intersystem reliability and the paired-samples t test to examine mean differences (α ≤ .05). Results Agreement existed between the systems (ICC range = −1.52 to 0.96; ICC average = 0.58), with 75.00% (n = 24/32) of the measures being validated (P ≤ .05). Agreement was better for sagittal- (ICC average = 0.84) than frontal- (ICC average = 0.35) plane measures. Agreement was best for MAX (ICC average = 0.77) compared with IC (ICC average = 0.56) and DSP (ICC average = 0.41) measures. Pairwise comparisons identified differences for 18.75% (6/32) of the measures. Fewer differences were observed for sagittal- (0.00%; 0/15) than for frontal- (35.29%; 6/17) plane measures. Between-systems differences were equivalent for MAX (18.18%; 2/11), DSP (18.18%; 2/11), and IC (20.00%; 2/10) measures. The markerless system underestimated sagittal-plane measures (86.67%; 13/15) and overestimated frontal-plane measures (76.47%; 13/17). No trends were observed for overestimating or underestimating IC, MAX, or DSP measures. Conclusions Moderate agreement existed between markerless and stereophotogrammetric motion-capture systems. Better agreement existed for larger (eg, sagittal-plane, MAX) than for smaller (eg, frontal-plane, IC) joint angles. The DSP angles had the worst agreement. Markerless motion-capture systems may help clinicians identify individuals at greater risk of lower extremity injury.

scholarly journals Agreement Between Visual Assessment and 2-Dimensional Analysis During Jump Landing Among Healthy Female Athletes

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alon Rabin ◽  
Ofira Einstein ◽  
Zvi Kozol
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Knee Movement ◽  
Healthy Female

Context:  Altered movement patterns, including increased frontal-plane knee movement and decreased sagittal-plane hip and knee movement, have been associated with several knee disorders. Nevertheless, the ability of clinicians to visually detect such altered movement patterns during high-speed athletic tasks is relatively unknown. Objective:  To explore the association between visual assessment and 2-dimensional (2D) analysis of frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement during a jump-landing task among healthy female athletes. Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Gymnasiums of participating volleyball teams. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 39 healthy female volleyball players (age = 21.0 ± 5.2 years, height = 172.0 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 64.2 ± 7.2 kg) from Divisions I and II of the Israeli Volleyball Association. Main Outcome Measure(s):  Frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement during jump landing were visually rated as good, moderate, or poor based on previously established criteria. Frontal-plane knee excursion and sagittal-plane hip and knee excursions were measured using free motion-analysis software and compared among athletes with different visual ratings of the corresponding movements. Results:  Participants with different visual ratings of frontal-plane knee movement displayed differences in 2D frontal-plane knee excursion (P &lt; .01), whereas participants with different visual ratings of sagittal-plane hip and knee movement displayed differences in 2D sagittal-plane hip and knee excursions (P &lt; .01). Conclusions:  Visual ratings of frontal-plane knee movement and sagittal-plane hip and knee movement were associated with differences in the corresponding 2D hip and knee excursions. Visual rating of these movements may serve as an initial screening tool for detecting altered movement patterns during jump landings.

scholarly journals Single leg squat performance in physically and non-physically active individuals: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gianola ◽  
Greta Castellini ◽  
Elena Stucovitz ◽  
Alice Nardo ◽  
Giuseppe Banfi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Single Leg Squat

Effect of total-contact orthosis on medial longitudinal arch and lower extremities in flexible flatfoot subjects during walking

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulaya Prachgosin ◽  
Wipawan Leelasamran ◽  
Pruittikorn Smithmaitrie ◽  
Surapong Chatpun
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flexible Flatfoot ◽  
Peak Knee

Background: Total-contact orthosis (TCO) is one kind of foot orthosis (FO) that is used to adjust biomechanics in flexible flatfoot. Objective: To determine the effects of a TCO on the MLA moment, MLA deformation angle and lower limb biomechanics. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Seven-flatfoot and thirteen-normal foot subjects were recruited by footprint and radiographs. The biomechanics of subjects with normal foot (NF), flatfoot with shoe only (FWOT) and flatfoot with TCO (FWT) were collected in a 3D motion analysis laboratory and force plates. The MLA and lower limb biomechanics in each condition during specific sub-phases of stance were analyzed. Results: The NF had larger MLA eversion moment after shod walking ( p = 0.001). The FWT condition compared with the FWOT condition had a significantly larger peak MLA upward moment ( p = 0.035) during pre-swing, larger peak knee external rotation angle ( p = 0.040) during mid stance, smaller peak knee extension moment during terminal stance ( p = 0.035) and a larger ground reaction force in the anterior-posterior direction during early stance ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study found positive effects from the customized TCOs which included an increased TCO angle that led to a decreased peak MLA moment in the frontal plane in flexible flatfoot subjects during walking. Clinical relevance Lower limb biomechanics is different from normal in subjects with flexible flatfoot. The design of a TCO affects MLA, ankle and knee biomechanics and may be used to clinically correct biomechanical changes in flexible flatfoot.

scholarly journals Running Readiness Scale as an assessment of kinematics related to knee injury in female novice runners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Harrison ◽  
D.S. Blaise Williams ◽  
Benjamin J. Darter ◽  
Adam Sima ◽  
Ron Zernicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Transverse Plane ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction

Abstract CONTEXT Frontal and transverse plane kinematics were prospectively identified as risk factors for running-related injuries in females. The Running Readiness Scale (RRS) may allow for clinical evaluation of these kinematics. OBJECTIVES To assess reliability and validity of the RRS as an assessment of frontal and transverse plane running kinematics. DESIGN Cross-sectional SETTING University research laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS 56 female novice runners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES 3D kinematics were collected during running and RRS tasks: hopping, plank, step-ups, single-leg squats, and wall-sit. RRS performances were assessed by 5 assessors, 3 times each. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of total RRS score and individual tasks were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient and Fleiss kappa, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients between peak joint angles measured during running and the same angles measured during RRS tasks were calculated. Peak joint angles of high vs. low scoring participants were compared. RESULTS Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of assessment of the total RRS scores were good. Reliability of the assessment of individual tasks were moderate to almost perfect. Peak hip adduction, pelvic drop, and knee abduction during running were correlated with the same angles measured during hopping, step-ups, and single-leg squats (r=0.537–0.939). Peak knee internal rotation during running was correlated with peak knee internal rotation during step-ups (r=0.831). Runners who scored high on the RRS demonstrated less knee abduction during running. CONCLUSIONS The RRS may be an effective evaluation of knee abduction in novice runners, but evaluation criteria or tasks may need to be modified for effective assessment of pelvis and transverse plane knee kinematics.

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