scholarly journals User Context Detection for Relay Attack Resistance in Passive Keyless Entry and Start System

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4446
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yabo Dong ◽  
Shengkai Fang ◽  
Haowen Zhang ◽  
Duanqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
System Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
User Context ◽  
User Activity ◽  
Context Detection ◽  
Relay Attack ◽  
Events Detection ◽  
User Activities

In modern cars, the Passive Keyless Entry and Start system (PKES) has been extensively installed. The PKES enables drivers to unlock and start their cars without user interaction. However, it is vulnerable to relay attacks. In this paper, we propose a secure smartphone-type PKES system model based on user context detection. The proposed system uses the barometer and accelerometer embedded in smartphones to detect user context, including human activity and door closing event. These two types of events detection can be used by the PKES to determine the car owner’s position when the car receives an unlocking or a start command. We evaluated the performance of the proposed method using a dataset collected from user activity and 1526 door closing events. The results reveal that the proposed method can accurately and effectively detect user activities and door closing events. Therefore, smartphone-type PKES can prevent relay attacks. Furthermore, we tested the detection of door closing event under multiple environmental settings to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method.

A model-based approach to measuring denitrification and greenhouse gas production in lakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet Falco Ajambo-Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Schmidt Number ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
System Model ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
System Metabolism

An existing whole-system model based on changes in dissolved N₂ concentration was modified for lentic systems. Field validations carried out at Christie Lake in Dundas, ON and Turtle Pond in Stoney Creek, ON (Canada). New model inputs included air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, wind velocity, and Schmidt number. Mont Carlo analysis was integrated into the model to better constrain error in model estimates of denitrification, whole-system metabolism, and greenhouse gas production. Denitrification rates ranged from -419-4415 µmol N.m-².h-¹ in Christie Lake and from 10-74 µmol N.m-².h-¹ in Turtle Pond. N₂O production ranged from 915-10,635 nmol N.m-².h-¹ in Christie Lake and from -344-131 nmol N.m-².h-¹ in Turtle Pond. The whole-system model allows for the examination of biogeochemical processes at ecologically significant temporal and spatial scales.

Integrated management system model for organization based on quality management and lean production technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
V.V. Silaeva ◽  
◽  
V.P. Semenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
System Model ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Production Technologies

The article describes managing the processes of an organization as managing a holistic entity through the characteristics of the value stream. At the same time, the value stream is an activity aimed at creating the value for customer, which is implemented through a system of interconnected processes/operations. The article demonstrates the possibilities of integrating the modern models, standards, methods and tools for quality management and lean production into the processes of an organization in order to achieve the aims. Integrated management system model based on quality management and lean production technologies is presented.

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