scholarly journals Evaluation of the Validity, Reliability, and Kinematic Characteristics of Multi-Segment Foot Models in Motion Capture

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4415
Author(s):  
Yuka Sekiguchi ◽  
Takanori Kokubun ◽  
Hiroki Hanawa ◽  
Hitomi Shono ◽  
Ayumi Tsuruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
New Model ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Kinematic Characteristics ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
True Values

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring a dummy foot, and examine the kinematic characteristics of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring the living body. Using our new model and the Rizzoli model, we conducted two experiments with a dummy foot that was moved within a range from −90 to 90 degrees in all planes; for the living body, 24 participants performed calf raises, gait, and drop jumps. Most three-dimensional (3D) rotation angles calculated according to our new models were strongly positively correlated with true values (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Most 3D rotation angles had fixed biases; however, most of them were in the range of the limits of agreement. Temporal patterns of foot motion, such as those in the Rizzoli model, were observed in our new model during all dynamic tasks. We concluded that our new multi-segment foot model was valid for motion analysis and was useful for analyzing the foot motion using 3D motion capture during dynamic tasks.

Joint Stabilizing Response to Expected and Unexpected Tilts

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 870-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar Morey-Klapsing ◽  
Adamantios Arampatzis ◽  
Gert-Peter Brueggeman
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Reaction Forces ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Electromyographic Signals

Background: The results found in the literature regarding functional ankle joint stabilization are controversial possibly because of the testing methods used. Methods: The responses of 22 subjects to unexpected and expected sudden inversions of the foot were compared for all subjects together, as well as grouped by their self-perceived stability. A three-dimensional foot model was used to describe ankle and foot motion. Electromyographic signals of six muscles of the lower limb as well as the horizontal ground reaction forces were recorded. Results: Whereas unexpected and expected trials did not show significant differences ( p > 0.05) in kinematics, higher activation and horizontal force integrals were found for the unexpected trials. In addition, no differences in electromyographic or ground reaction force parameters were found between stable and unstable ankles; however, the kinematics revealed higher amplitudes and velocities for the stable group. Conclusions: The awareness of the instant of tilt enhances stabilization in that the same motion is achieved with a lower muscle activation. Evidence suggests that this is triggered at supraspinal levels. We found that timing of the EMG signal is not as relevant to stabilization as the amplitude (which has often been disregarded in the literature).

Inter-segment foot motion in girls using a three-dimensional multi-segment foot model

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
Woo Young Jang ◽  
Dong Yeon Lee ◽  
Hae Woon Jung ◽  
Doo Jae Lee ◽  
Won Joon Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Foot Model

Simulation of the Double Limb Support Phase of Human Gait

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Shaung Ju ◽  
J. M. Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Constrained Systems ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Nonlinear Feedback ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Foot Model ◽  
Support Phase

Dynamic mechanical models of the double limb support phase of human gait were developed for both two-dimensional (sagittal plane) and three-dimensional motion. A “foot” model with a curved plantar surface was also developed such that the model foot motion was kinematically equivalent to that of a walking subject. This foot model was incorporated into the planar model for double limb support. The dynamic formulations were based on Kane’s method and were implemented symbolically using MACSYMA. The development of the formulations for the constrained systems, application of these formulations to the study of normal gait, the sensitivity of the simulation to the frequency content of the input data, the sensitivity of limb displacements to changes in joint moments and the application of a nonlinear feedback controller to correct for perturbations in limb trajectories were investigated.

A three-dimensional shank-foot model to determine the foot motion during landings

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAMANTIOS ARAMPATZIS ◽  
GERT-PETER BR??GGEMANN ◽  
GASPAR MOREY KLAPSING
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Foot Model

A NEW MODEL FOR REFRIGERANT CONDENSATION ON THE OUTSIDE OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL ENHANCED TUBES

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cavallini ◽  
Davide Del Col ◽  
Luca Doretti ◽  
Luisa Rossetto ◽  
Giovanni Antonio Longo
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Model ◽  
Enhanced Tubes

Objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection: validation of a novel tool

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
M Stavrakas ◽  
G Menexes ◽  
S Triaridis ◽  
P Bamidis ◽  
J Constantinidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
Global Rating Scale ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy

Abstract Objective This study developed an assessment tool that was based on the objective structured assessment for technical skills principles, to be used for evaluation of surgical skills in cortical mastoidectomy. The objective structured assessment of technical skill is a well-established tool for evaluation of surgical ability. This study also aimed to identify the best material and printing method to make a three-dimensional printed temporal bone model. Methods Twenty-four otolaryngologists in training were asked to perform a cortical mastoidectomy on a three-dimensional printed temporal bone (selective laser sintering resin). They were scored according to the objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection tool developed in this study and an already validated global rating scale. Results Two external assessors scored the candidates, and it was concluded that the objective structured assessment of technical skill in temporal bone dissection tool demonstrated some main aspects of validity and reliability that can be used in training and performance evaluation of technical skills in mastoid surgery. Conclusion Apart from validating the new tool for temporal bone dissection training, the study showed that evolving three-dimensional printing technologies is of high value in simulation training with several advantages over traditional teaching methods.

scholarly journals A Novel Suture Training System for Open Surgery Replicating Procedures Performed by Experts Using Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Nagayo ◽  
Toki Saito ◽  
Hiroshi Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training System ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Interrupted Suture ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
Surgical Field

AbstractThe surgical education environment has been changing significantly due to restricted work hours, limited resources, and increasing public concern for safety and quality, leading to the evolution of simulation-based training in surgery. Of the various simulators, low-fidelity simulators are widely used to practice surgical skills such as sutures because they are portable, inexpensive, and easy to use without requiring complicated settings. However, since low-fidelity simulators do not offer any teaching information, trainees do self-practice with them, referring to textbooks or videos, which are insufficient to learn open surgical procedures. This study aimed to develop a new suture training system for open surgery that provides trainees with the three-dimensional information of exemplary procedures performed by experts and allows them to observe and imitate the procedures during self-practice. The proposed system consists of a motion capture system of surgical instruments and a three-dimensional replication system of captured procedures on the surgical field. Motion capture of surgical instruments was achieved inexpensively by using cylindrical augmented reality (AR) markers, and replication of captured procedures was realized by visualizing them three-dimensionally at the same position and orientation as captured, using an AR device. For subcuticular interrupted suture, it was confirmed that the proposed system enabled users to observe experts’ procedures from any angle and imitate them by manipulating the actual surgical instruments during self-practice. We expect that this training system will contribute to developing a novel surgical training method that enables trainees to learn surgical skills by themselves in the absence of experts.

scholarly journals The Effect of Lateral Column Lengthening on Subtalar Motion: Are We Trading Deformity for Stiffness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0004
Author(s):  
Brittany Hedrick ◽  
Anthony Riccio ◽  
Danielle M. Thomas ◽  
Claire Shivers ◽  
Matthew Siebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Lateral Column ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Lateral Column Lengthening ◽  
Paired T Test

Category: Hindfoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: While lengthening of the lateral column through a calcaneal neck osteotomy is an integral component of flatfoot reconstruction in younger patients with flexible planovalgus deformities, concern exists as to the effect of this intra- articular osteotomy on subtalar motion. The purpose of this study is to quantify the alterations in subtalar motion following lateral column lengthening (LCL). Methods: The subtalar motion of 14 fresh frozen cadaveric feet was assessed using a three-dimensional motion capture system and materials testing system (MTS). Following potting of the tibia and calcaneus, optic markers were placed into the tibia, calcaneus and talus. The MTS was used to apply a rotational force across the subtalar joint to a torque of 5Nm. Abduction/adduction, supination/pronation, and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion about the talus was recorded. Specimens then underwent LCL via a calcaneal neck osteotomy which was maintained with a 12mm porous titanium wedge. Repeat subtalar motion analysis was performed and compared to pre-LCL motion using a paired t-test. Results:: No statistically significant differences in subtalar abduction/adduction (10.9O vs. 11.8O degrees, p=.48), supination/pronation (3.5O vs. 2.7O, p=.31), or plantarflexion/dorsiflexion (1.6O vs 1.0O, p=.10) were identified following LCL. Conclusion:: No significant changes in subtalar motion were observed following lateral column lengthening in this biomechanical cadaveric study. While these findings do not obviate concerns of clinical subtalar stiffness following planovalgus deformity correction, they suggest that diminished postoperative subtalar motion may be due to soft tissue scarring rather than alterations of joint anatomy.

Long waves in a straight channel with non-uniform cross-section

2015 ◽  
Vol 770 ◽  
pp. 156-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricio Winckler ◽  
Philip L.-F. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Channel Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Uniform Channel ◽  
The Cross

A cross-sectionally averaged one-dimensional long-wave model is developed. Three-dimensional equations of motion for inviscid and incompressible fluid are first integrated over a channel cross-section. To express the resulting one-dimensional equations in terms of the cross-sectional-averaged longitudinal velocity and spanwise-averaged free-surface elevation, the characteristic depth and width of the channel cross-section are assumed to be smaller than the typical wavelength, resulting in Boussinesq-type equations. Viscous effects are also considered. The new model is, therefore, adequate for describing weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive wave propagation along a non-uniform channel with arbitrary cross-section. More specifically, the new model has the following new properties: (i) the arbitrary channel cross-section can be asymmetric with respect to the direction of wave propagation, (ii) the channel cross-section can change appreciably within a wavelength, (iii) the effects of viscosity inside the bottom boundary layer can be considered, and (iv) the three-dimensional flow features can be recovered from the perturbation solutions. Analytical and numerical examples for uniform channels, channels where the cross-sectional geometry changes slowly and channels where the depth and width variation is appreciable within the wavelength scale are discussed to illustrate the validity and capability of the present model. With the consideration of viscous boundary layer effects, the present theory agrees reasonably well with experimental results presented by Chang et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 95, 1979, pp. 401–414) for converging/diverging channels and those of Liu et al. (Coast. Engng, vol. 53, 2006, pp. 181–190) for a uniform channel with a sloping beach. The numerical results for a solitary wave propagating in a channel where the width variation is appreciable within a wavelength are discussed.

A new model for predicting three-dimensional beach changes by expanding Hsu and Evans' equation

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Uda ◽  
Masumi Serizawa ◽  
Takayuki Kumada ◽  
Kazuya Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
New Model
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