scholarly journals The Use of Factorial Design and Simplex Optimization to Improve Analytical Performance of In Situ Film Electrodes

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3921
Author(s):  
Matjaž Finšgar ◽  
Klara Jezernik
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Simplex Optimization ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Individual

This work presents a systematic approach to determining the significance of the individual factors affecting the analytical performance of in-situ film electrode (FE) for the determination of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II). Analytical parameters were considered simultaneously, where the lowest limit of quantification, the widest linear concentration range, and the highest sensitivity, accuracy, and precision of the method evidenced a better analytical method. Significance was evaluated by means of a fractional factorial (experimental) design using five factors, i.e., the mass concentrations of Bi(III), Sn(II), and Sb(III), to design the in situ FE, the accumulation potential, and the accumulation time. Next, a simplex optimization procedure was employed to determine the optimum conditions for these factors. Such optimization of the in situ FE showed significant improvement in analytical performance compared to the in situ FEs in the initial experiments and compared to pure in situ FEs (bismuth-film, tin-film, and antimony-film electrodes). Moreover, using the optimized in situ FE electrode, a possible interference effect was checked for different species and the applicability of the electrode was demonstrated for a real tap water sample.

Modular Simulation to Determine the Optimal Operating Policy of a Batch Reactor for the Enzymatic Fructose Reduction to Mannitol with the in situ Continuous Enzymatic Regeneration of the NAD Cofactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 2196-2203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Crisan ◽  
Gheorghe Maria
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Mannitol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
Operating Policy ◽  
Enzymatic Reduction ◽  
Optimal Operating Policy

Novel coupled enzymatic systems reported important applications in the industrial bio-catalysis. Multi-enzymatic reactions can successfully replace complex chemical syntheses, using milder reaction conditions, and generating less waste. For such systems acting simultaneously, the model-based engineering calculations (design, reactor operation optimization) are difficult tasks, because they must account for interacting reactions, differences in enzymes optimal activity domains and deactivation kinetics. The determination of the optimal operating mode (enzyme ratios, enzyme feeding policy, temperature, pH) often turns into a difficult multi-objective optimization problem with multiple constraints to be solved for every particular system. The paper focuses on applying a modular screening procedure that can identify the optimal operating policy of an enzymatic reactor, which minimizes the enzyme consumption, given the process kinetic model, and an imposed production capacity. Following an optimization procedure, the process effectiveness is evaluated in a systematic approach, by including simple batch reactor (BR), batch with intermittent addition of the key-enzyme following certain optimal policies (BRP). Exemplification is made for the case of the enzymatic reduction of D-fructose to mannitol by using suspended MDH (mannitol dehydrogenase) and NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) cofactor, with the in-situ continuous regeneration of the cofactor by the expense of formate degradation in the presence of suspended FDH (Formate dehydrogenase).

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Selected In Situ Hybridization Methods: Principles and Application

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3874
Author(s):  
Dominika Veselinyová ◽  
Jana Mašlanková ◽  
Katarina Kalinová ◽  
Helena Mičková ◽  
Mária Mareková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
In Situ Techniques ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Individual

We are experiencing rapid progress in all types of imaging techniques used in the detection of various numbers and types of mutation. In situ hybridization (ISH) is the primary technique for the discovery of mutation agents, which are presented in a variety of cells. The ability of DNA to complementary bind is one of the main principles in every method used in ISH. From the first use of in situ techniques, scientists paid attention to the improvement of the probe design and detection, to enhance the fluorescent signal intensity and inhibition of cross-hybrid presence. This article discusses the individual types and modifications, and is focused on explaining the principles and limitations of ISH division on different types of probes. The article describes a design of probes for individual types of in situ hybridization (ISH), as well as the gradual combination of several laboratory procedures to achieve the highest possible sensitivity and to prevent undesirable events accompanying hybridization. The article also informs about applications of the methodology, in practice and in research, to detect cell to cell communication and principles of gene silencing, process of oncogenesis, and many other unknown processes taking place in organisms at the DNA/RNA level.

Fabrication of monodisperse polypyrrole/SBA-15 composite for the selective removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Mengxin Liu ◽  
Ziqing Huang ◽  
Shixia Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Factors Affecting

Monodisperse polypyrrole/SBA-15 composite (PPy/SBA-15) was fabricated by in-situ polymerization and used for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption from aqueous solution. PPy/SBA-15 was characterized by numerous approaches. Factors affecting the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption process included...

scholarly journals Factors affecting the organizational performance of manufacturing firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184797901771262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Adnan Al-Tit
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the individual effects of organizational culture (OC) and supply chain management (SCM) practices on organizational performance (OP) in different settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of OC and SCM on OP. The sample of the study consisted of 93 manufacturing firms in Jordan. Data were collected from employees and managers from different divisions using a reliable and valid measurement instrument. The findings confirm that both OC and SCM practices significantly predict OP. The current study is significant in reliably testing the relationship between SCM practices and OP; however, it is necessary to consider cultural assumptions, values and beliefs as the impact of OC on OP is greater than the impact of SCM practices. Based on the results, future studies should consider the moderating and mediating role of OC on the relationship between SCM practices and OP.

Analysis of TBM Tunnel Behavior in Jointed Rock Mass

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2033-2036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Shan Sun ◽  
Hong Jun Guo ◽  
Wen Bo Lu ◽  
Qing Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
In Situ Stress ◽  
Jointed Rock Mass ◽  
Joint Orientation ◽  
Joint Spacing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Dip Angle

The factors affecting the TBM tunnel behavior in jointed rock mass is investigated. In the numerical models the concrete segment lining of TBM tunnel is concerned, which is simulated as a tube neglecting the segment joint. And the TBM tunnel construction process is simulate considering the excavation and installing of the segment linings. Some cases are analyzed with different joint orientation, joint spacing, joint strength and tunnel depth. The results show that the shape and areas of loosing zones of the tunnel are influenced by the parameters of joint sets and in-situ stress significantly, such as dip angle, spacing, strength, and the in-situ stress statement. And the stress and deformation of the tunnel lining are influenced by the parameters of joint sets and in-situ stress, too.

The Effect of Homoeologous Meiotic Pairing in Tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum L. × H. vulgare L. Hybrids on Alien Introgressions in Offspring

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Scholz ◽  
Galina Pendinen
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Introgression Breeding ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Pairing Behaviour

The pairing behaviour of the individual chromosome arms of Hordeum vulgare (Hv) with their homoeologous arms of H. bulbosum (Hb) at metaphase I of meiosis in tetraploid Hb × Hv hybrids and the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosome arms in selfed offspring were studied on differentially visualized chromosomes after fluorescent in situ hybridisation. The frequencies of paired Hv-Hb arms in the F2 and F3 hybrids were correlated with the frequencies of recombined Hv chromosomes in progenies. Self-generation of hybrids, the number of Hv and Hb chromosomes, and the number of recombined Hv chromosomes of the hybrids strongly influenced the Hv-Hb pairing frequency in meiosis. Within the offspring of F2 and F3 hybrids both Hv plants and hybrids were detected. In contrast, all progenies of the F4 hybrid were hybrids which exhibited centromere misdivisions. The highest frequencies of homoeologous pairing in hybrids and most recombinants were obtained for the barley chromosome 1HL. Recombinants for 4HL, 5HS, 6HS, and 7HS were rarely found. Meiotic pairing and recombinants involving chromosome 1HS were never observed. The results of this study demonstrate that fertile tetraploid interspecific hybrids with a high intergenomic pairing at meiosis are valuable basic material for introgression breeding in barley.

scholarly journals Improved In Situ Hybridization Efficiency with Locked-Nucleic-Acid-Incorporated DNA Probes

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 5311-5317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Kubota ◽  
Akiyoshi Ohashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Imachi ◽  
Hideki Harada
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hybridization Efficiency ◽  
Probe Hybridization ◽  
Major Factors

ABSTRACT Low signal intensity due to poor probe hybridization efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization. There are two major factors affecting the hybridization efficiency: probe accessibility and affinity to the targeted rRNA molecules. In this study, we demonstrate remarkable improvement in in situ hybridization efficiency by applying locked-nucleic-acid (LNA)-incorporated oligodeoxynucleotide probes (LNA/DNA probes) without compromising specificity. Fluorescently labeled LNA/DNA probes with two to four LNA substitutions exhibited strong fluorescence intensities equal to or greater than that of probe Eub338, although these probes did not show bright signals when they were synthesized as DNA probes; for example, the fluorescence intensity of probe Eco468 increased by 22-fold after three LNA bases were substituted for DNA bases. Dissociation profiles of the probes revealed that the dissociation temperature was directly related to the number of LNA substitutions and the fluorescence intensity. These results suggest that the introduction of LNA residues in DNA probes will be a useful approach for effectively enhancing probe hybridization efficiency.

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