scholarly journals Low-Cost Conversion of Single-Zone HVAC Systems to Multi-Zone Control Systems Using Low-Power Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3611
Author(s):  
Julio Antonio Jornet-Monteverde ◽  
Juan José Galiana-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Zone Control ◽  
Novel Approach

This paper presents a novel approach to convert a conventional house air conditioning installation into a more efficient system that individually controls the temperature of each zone of the house through Wi-Fi technology. Each zone regulates the air flow depending on the detected temperature, providing energy savings and increasing the machine performance. Therefore, the first step was to examine the communication bus of the air conditioner and obtain the different signal codes. Thus, an alternative Controller module has been designed and developed to control and manage the requests on the communication bus (Bus–Wi-Fi gateway). A specific circuit has been designed to adapt the signal of the serial port of the Controller with the communication bus. For the acquisition of the temperature and humidity data in each zone, a Node module has been developed, which communicates with the Controller through the Wi-Fi interface using the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol with Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security (SSL/TLS) certificates. It has been equipped with an LCD touch screen as a human-machine interface. The Controller and the Node modules have been developed with the ultra-low power consumption CC3200 microController of Texas Instruments and the code has been implemented under the TI-RTOS real-time operating system. An additional module based on the Raspberry Pi computer has been designed to create the Wi-Fi network and implement the required network functionalities. The developed system not only ensures that the temperature in each zone is the desired one, but also controls the fan velocity of the indoor unit and the opening area of the vent registers, which considerably improves the efficiency of the system. Compared with the single-zone system, the experiments carried out show energy savings between 75% and 94% when only one of the zones is selected, and 44% when the whole house is air-conditioned, in addition to considerably improving user comfort.

Devising a novel visible light based low-cost ultra-low-power gesture recognition system

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tusher Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Nasim ◽  
Sakib Md. Bin Malek ◽  
Md. Taksir Hasan Majumder ◽  
Md. Samiul Saeef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Gesture Recognition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Ultra Low Power

scholarly journals WIRELESS REAL TIME PROPORTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEM

2013 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
UJJWALA G. BORATE ◽  
PROF. R.T. PATIL
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Proportional Control ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Zigbee Technology ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Transceiver Module

This system provides low power consuming and low cost wireless sensor network. This system provides a real time temperature and humidity. It also gives proportional control action. This system consists of TI’s MSP430 microcontroller which consumes ultra low power and improves the overall system performance. The Sensorion’s SHT 11 sensor is used to measure temperature and humidity. Sensor SHT 11 consumes low power and gives the fully calibrated digital output. Zigbee technology is used for wireless communication. Zigbee is low power consuming transceiver module. It operates within the ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band. AT and API command modes configure module parameters. RF data rate is 250 kbps. To achieve the proportional control triac and MOC 3022 are used. The star network topology is implemented. The temperature of earth goes on increasing due to global warming, deforestation, pollution, etc. Due to this the temperature of atmosphere also increases which is harmful and dangerous for many systems. This system provides precise control of temperature and humidity in Green House, Art Galleries and Industries.

scholarly journals Ultra-Low-Power, High-Accuracy 434 MHz Indoor Positioning System for Smart Homes Leveraging Machine Learning Models

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Haq Nawaz ◽  
Ahsen Tahir ◽  
Nauman Ahmed ◽  
Ubaid U. Fayyaz ◽  
Tayyeb Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

Global navigation satellite systems have been used for reliable location-based services in outdoor environments. However, satellite-based systems are not suitable for indoor positioning due to low signal power inside buildings and low accuracy of 5 m. Future smart homes demand low-cost, high-accuracy and low-power indoor positioning systems that can provide accuracy of less than 5 m and enable battery operation for mobility and long-term use. We propose and implement an intelligent, highly accurate and low-power indoor positioning system for smart homes leveraging Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) model using information-theoretic gain based on reduction in differential entropy. The system is based on Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and uses ultra-low-power radio transceivers working at 434 MHz. The system has been deployed and tested using indoor measurements for two-dimensional (2D) positioning. In addition, the proposed system provides dual functionality with the same wireless links used for receiving telemetry data, with configurable data rates of up to 600 Kbauds. The implemented system integrates the time difference pulses obtained from the differential circuitry to determine the radio frequency (RF) transmitter node positions. The implemented system provides a high positioning accuracy of 0.68 m and 1.08 m for outdoor and indoor localization, respectively, when using GPR machine learning models, and provides telemetry data reception of 250 Kbauds. The system enables low-power battery operation with consumption of <200 mW power with ultra-low-power CC1101 radio transceivers and additional circuits with a differential amplifier. The proposed system provides low-cost, low-power and high-accuracy indoor localization and is an essential element of public well-being in future smart homes.

scholarly journals Low-Cost and Ultra-Low-Power Consuming RTUs for Use in IoT Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
General Packet Radio Service ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Packet Radio

This paper presents the design and realization of low-cost and ultra-low-power consuming remote transfer units (RTUs), working as communication gateways for collecting, aggregating, and forwarding IoT data to information centers (servers) in the cloud for further processing and data mining. Two types of RTUs, targeting different application scenarios and utilizing different communication standards, were designed – one, based on the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) standard, and another – on the NarrowBand Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard. The developed RTUs were experimentally tested and their use was successfully demonstrated in different IoT systems.

scholarly journals An Internet of Things (IoT) Application on Volcano Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shadia Awadallah ◽  
David Moure ◽  
Pedro Torres-González
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Volcanic Surveillance ◽  
First Results ◽  
Network Operation

In the last few years, there has been a huge interest in the Internet of Things (hereinafter IoT) field. Among the large number of IoT technologies, the low-power wide-area network (hereinafter LPWAN) has emerged providing low power, low data-rate communication over long distances, enabling battery-operated devices to operate for long time periods. This paper introduces an application of long-range (hereinafter LoRa) technology, one of the most popular LPWANs, to volcanic surveillance. The first low-power and low-cost wireless network based on LoRa to monitor the soil temperature in thermal anomaly zones in volcanic areas has been developed. A total of eight thermometers (end devices) have been deployed on a Teide volcano in Tenerife (Canary Islands). In addition, a repeater device was developed to extend the network range when the gateway did not have a line of sight connection with the thermometers. Combining LoRa communication capabilities with microchip microcontrollers (end devices and repeater) and a Raspberry Pi board (gateway), three main milestones have been achieved: (i) extreme low-power consumption, (ii) real-time and proper temperature acquisition, and (iii) a reliable network operation. The first results are shown. These results provide enough quality for a proper volcanic surveillance.

scholarly journals Effects of the Target on the Performance of an Ultra-Low Power Eddy Current Displacement Sensor for Industrial Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1287
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bertacchini ◽  
Marco Lasagni ◽  
Gabriele Sereni
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Industry Automation

The demand for smart, low-power, and low-cost sensors is rapidly increasing with the proliferation of industry automation. In this context, an Ultra-Low Power Eddy Current Displacement Sensor (ULP-ECDS) targeting common industrial applications and designed to be embedded in wireless Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices is presented. A complete characterization of the realized ULP-ECDS operating with different metallic targets was carried out. The choice of the considered targets in terms of material and thickness was inspired by typical industrial scenarios. The experimental results show that the realized prototype works properly with extremely low supply voltages, allowing for obtaining an ultra-low power consumption, significantly lower than other state-of-the-art solutions. In particular, the proposed sensor reached the best resolution of 2 µm in case of a carbon steel target when operated with a supply voltage of 200 mV and with a power consumption of 150 µW. By accepting a resolution of 12 µm, it is possible to further reduce the power consumption of the sensor to less than 10 µW. The obtained results also demonstrate how the performances of the sensor are strongly dependent on both the target and the demodulation technique used to extract the displacement information. This allowed for defining some practical guidelines that can help the design of effective solutions considering application-specific constraints.

Performance Analysis of Mail Clients on Low Cost Computer With ELGamal and RSA Using SNORT

2018 ◽  
pp. 332-353
Author(s):  
Sreerama Murthy Kattamuri ◽  
Vijayalakshmi Kakulapati ◽  
Pallam Setty S.
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Ip Address ◽  
Intrusion Prevention ◽  
Plain Text ◽  
Intrusion Prevention System

An intrusion detection system (IDS) focuses on determining malicious tasks by verifying network traffic and informing the network administrator for restricting the user or source or source IP address from accessing the network. SNORT is an open source intrusion detection system (IDS) and SNORT also acts as an intrusion prevention system (IPS) for monitoring and prevention of security attacks on networks. The authors applied encryption for text files by using cryptographic algorithms like Elgamal and RSA. This chapter tested the performance of mail clients in low cost, low power computer Raspberry Pi, and verified that SNORT is efficient for both algorithms. Within low cost, low power computer, they observed that as the size of the file increases, the run time is constant for compressed data; whereas in plain text, it changed significantly.

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