scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Detection of Pigment Signs for Analysis and Diagnosis of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsalan ◽  
Na Rae Baek ◽  
Muhammad Owais ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Kang Ryoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Retinitis Pigmentosa ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Medical Practitioners

Ophthalmological analysis plays a vital role in the diagnosis of various eye diseases, such as glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy. RP is a genetic retinal disorder that leads to progressive vision degeneration and initially causes night blindness. Currently, the most commonly applied method for diagnosing retinal diseases is optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based disease analysis. In contrast, fundus imaging-based disease diagnosis is considered a low-cost diagnostic solution for retinal diseases. This study focuses on the detection of RP from the fundus image, which is a crucial task because of the low quality of fundus images and non-cooperative image acquisition conditions. Automatic detection of pigment signs in fundus images can help ophthalmologists and medical practitioners in diagnosing and analyzing RP disorders. To accurately segment pigment signs for diagnostic purposes, we present an automatic RP segmentation network (RPS-Net), which is a specifically designed deep learning-based semantic segmentation network to accurately detect and segment the pigment signs with fewer trainable parameters. Compared with the conventional deep learning methods, the proposed method applies a feature enhancement policy through multiple dense connections between the convolutional layers, which enables the network to discriminate between normal and diseased eyes, and accurately segment the diseased area from the background. Because pigment spots can be very small and consist of very few pixels, the RPS-Net provides fine segmentation, even in the case of degraded images, by importing high-frequency information from the preceding layers through concatenation inside and outside the encoder-decoder. To evaluate the proposed RPS-Net, experiments were performed based on 4-fold cross-validation using the publicly available Retinal Images for Pigment Signs (RIPS) dataset for detection and segmentation of retinal pigments. Experimental results show that RPS-Net achieved superior segmentation performance for RP diagnosis, compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Aiding the Diagnosis of Diabetic and Hypertensive Retinopathy Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Semantic Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arsalan ◽  
Owais ◽  
Mahmood ◽  
Cho ◽  
Park
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Vessel Segmentation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Retinal Vessels

Automatic segmentation of retinal images is an important task in computer-assisted medical image analysis for the diagnosis of diseases such as hypertension, diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy, and arteriosclerosis. Among the diseases, diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of vision detachment, can be diagnosed early through the detection of retinal vessels. The manual detection of these retinal vessels is a time-consuming process that can be automated with the help of artificial intelligence with deep learning. The detection of vessels is difficult due to intensity variation and noise from non-ideal imaging. Although there are deep learning approaches for vessel segmentation, these methods require many trainable parameters, which increase the network complexity. To address these issues, this paper presents a dual-residual-stream-based vessel segmentation network (Vess-Net), which is not as deep as conventional semantic segmentation networks, but provides good segmentation with few trainable parameters and layers. The method takes advantage of artificial intelligence for semantic segmentation to aid the diagnosis of retinopathy. To evaluate the proposed Vess-Net method, experiments were conducted with three publicly available datasets for vessel segmentation: digital retinal images for vessel extraction (DRIVE), the Child Heart Health Study in England (CHASE-DB1), and structured analysis of retina (STARE). Experimental results show that Vess-Net achieved superior performance for all datasets with sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy (Acc) of 80.22%, 98.1%, 98.2%, and 96.55% for DRVIE; 82.06%, 98.41%, 98.0%, and 97.26% for CHASE-DB1; and 85.26%, 97.91%, 98.83%, and 96.97% for STARE dataset.

scholarly journals Fully Leveraging Deep Learning Methods for Constructing Retinal Fundus Photomontages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1754
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Kim ◽  
Sojung Go ◽  
Kyoungjin Noh ◽  
Sangjun Park ◽  
Soochahn Lee
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Image Texture ◽  
Peripheral Retina ◽  
Image Artifacts ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Retinal Fundus

Retinal photomontages, which are constructed by aligning and integrating multiple fundus images, are useful in diagnosing retinal diseases affecting peripheral retina. We present a novel framework for constructing retinal photomontages that fully leverage recent deep learning methods. Deep learning based object detection is used to define the order of image registration and blending. Deep learning based vessel segmentation is used to enhance image texture to improve registration performance within a two step image registration framework comprising rigid and non-rigid registration. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the robustness of our montage construction method with an increased amount of successfully integrated images as well as reduction of image artifacts.

scholarly journals Noise Removing in Medical Images by using Image Fusion Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-337
Keyword(s):  
Image Fusion ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Error ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
High Frequency Waves ◽  
Image Fusion Method

Image processing also made a graph in medical applications. During disease diagnosis medical practitioners are widely using digital images. At several states of art medical equipments are producing images of different organs, which are used at different stages of disease. Such medical images are Xrays, CT scans, MRI, ultrasound images etc. These images are produced by high frequency waves which also contains some part of noise. This noise is generated due to scattering of high frequencies. This noise is called as Speckle. Speckle alters the image quantity hence degrades the information in it which may cause any small error to the practitioner to disease diagnosis. Hence speckle removing made a vital role in medical images. This paper gives detail study of PCA image fusion to remove noise.

scholarly journals MAGI: Multistream Aerial Segmentation of Ground Images with Small-Scale Drones

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Danilo Avola ◽  
Daniele Pannone
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Border Control ◽  
Control Precision ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
Deep Learning Model

In recent years, small-scale drones have been used in heterogeneous tasks, such as border control, precision agriculture, and search and rescue. This is mainly due to their small size that allows for easy deployment, their low cost, and their increasing computing capability. The latter aspect allows for researchers and industries to develop complex machine- and deep-learning algorithms for several challenging tasks, such as object classification, object detection, and segmentation. Focusing on segmentation, this paper proposes a novel deep-learning model for semantic segmentation. The model follows a fully convolutional multistream approach to perform segmentation on different image scales. Several streams perform convolutions by exploiting kernels of different sizes, making segmentation tasks robust to flight altitude changes. Extensive experiments were performed on the UAV Mosaicking and Change Detection (UMCD) dataset, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Diabetic and Hypertensive Retinopathy Screening in Fundus Images Using Artificially Intelligent Shallow Architectures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsalan ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Jiho Choi ◽  
Kang Ryoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Retinal Vasculature ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Retinal Disorders ◽  
Structured Analysis ◽  
Vessel Extraction

Retinal blood vessels are considered valuable biomarkers for the detection of diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive retinopathy, and other retinal disorders. Ophthalmologists analyze retinal vasculature by manual segmentation, which is a tedious task. Numerous studies have focused on automatic retinal vasculature segmentation using different methods for ophthalmic disease analysis. However, most of these methods are computationally expensive and lack robustness. This paper proposes two new shallow deep learning architectures: dual-stream fusion network (DSF-Net) and dual-stream aggregation network (DSA-Net) to accurately detect retinal vasculature. The proposed method uses semantic segmentation in raw color fundus images for the screening of diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies. The proposed method’s performance is assessed using three publicly available fundus image datasets: Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction (DRIVE), Structured Analysis of Retina (STARE), and Children Heart Health Study in England Database (CHASE-DB1). The experimental results revealed that the proposed method provided superior segmentation performance with accuracy (Acc), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and area under the curve (AUC) of 96.93%, 82.68%, 98.30%, and 98.42% for DRIVE, 97.25%, 82.22%, 98.38%, and 98.15% for CHASE-DB1, and 97.00%, 86.07%, 98.00%, and 98.65% for STARE datasets, respectively. The experimental results also show that the proposed DSA-Net provides higher SE compared to the existing approaches. It means that the proposed method detected the minor vessels and provided the least false negatives, which is extremely important for diagnosis. The proposed method provides an automatic and accurate segmentation mask that can be used to highlight the vessel pixels. This detected vasculature can be utilized to compute the ratio between the vessel and the non-vessel pixels and distinguish between diabetic and hypertensive retinopathies, and morphology can be analyzed for related retinal disorders.

scholarly journals Segmenting the Optic Disc Using a Deep Learning Ensemble Model Based on OWA Operators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Yousef Salem Ali ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Nasser ◽  
Mohammed Jabreel ◽  
Aida Valls ◽  
Marc Baget
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Optic Disc ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Medical Image Segmentation ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Owa Operators ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Glaucoma Detection

The optic disc (OD) is the point where the retinal vessels begin. OD carries essential information linked to Diabetic Retinopathy and glaucoma that may cause vision loss. Therefore, accurate segmentation of the optic disc from eye fundus images is essential to develop efficient automated DR and glaucoma detection systems. This paper presents a deep learning-based system for OD segmentation based on an ensemble of efficient semantic segmentation models for medical image segmentation. The aggregation of the different DL models was performed with the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators. We proposed the use of a dynamically generated set of weights that can give a different contribution to the models according to their performance during the segmentation of OD in the eye fundus images. The effectiveness of the proposed system was assessed on a fundus image dataset collected from the Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. We obtained Jaccard, Dice, Precision, and Recall scores of 95.40, 95.10, 96.70, and 93.90%, respectively.

scholarly journals Using a Deep Learning System That Classifies Hypertensive Retinopathy Based on the Fundus Images of Patients of Wide Age

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Süleyman Burçin Şüyun ◽  
Şakir Taşdemir ◽  
Serkan Biliş ◽  
Alexandru Milea
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fundus Images ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Continuous Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Range throughout Turkey in this paper, the author trained the continuous neural networks, and used a total of 4,000 fundus images, including images with different degrees of fundus disorders and images without disorders, so that CNN can detect whether the patient has hypertension and arteriosclerosis according to macular degeneration in the fundus images. In order to obtain more effective results from the deep learning structure using convolutional neural network, this paper prepared more data sets on the basis of Turkey, combined with the local data sets to educate the deep learning model, so as to integrate the data globally, which can help standardize the results and improve the accuracy. The system is used to diagnose retinal vascular degeneration, such as fundus vascular disease and macular edema disease. Based on this basic understanding, the research has been used for the detection and classification of hypertensive retinopathy that has similar causes. The author also points out the limitations of the system. Among them, the most important limitation is the need for long-term financial sustainability.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence-Based Diagnosis of Cardiac and Related Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsalan ◽  
Muhammad Owais ◽  
Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Jiho Choi ◽  
Kang Ryoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Lung Segmentation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Cardiothoracic Ratio

Automatic chest anatomy segmentation plays a key role in computer-aided disease diagnosis, such as for cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, emphysema, and pneumothorax. Among these diseases, cardiomegaly is considered a perilous disease, involving a high risk of sudden cardiac death. It can be diagnosed early by an expert medical practitioner using a chest X-Ray (CXR) analysis. The cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and transverse cardiac diameter (TCD) are the clinical criteria used to estimate the heart size for diagnosing cardiomegaly. Manual estimation of CTR and other diseases is a time-consuming process and requires significant work by the medical expert. Cardiomegaly and related diseases can be automatically estimated by accurate anatomical semantic segmentation of CXRs using artificial intelligence. Automatic segmentation of the lungs and heart from the CXRs is considered an intensive task owing to inferior quality images and intensity variations using nonideal imaging conditions. Although there are a few deep learning-based techniques for chest anatomy segmentation, most of them only consider single class lung segmentation with deep complex architectures that require a lot of trainable parameters. To address these issues, this study presents two multiclass residual mesh-based CXR segmentation networks, X-RayNet-1 and X-RayNet-2, which are specifically designed to provide fine segmentation performance with a few trainable parameters compared to conventional deep learning schemes. The proposed methods utilize semantic segmentation to support the diagnostic procedure of related diseases. To evaluate X-RayNet-1 and X-RayNet-2, experiments were performed with a publicly available Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) dataset for multiclass segmentation of the lungs, heart, and clavicle bones; two other publicly available datasets, Montgomery County (MC) and Shenzhen X-Ray sets (SC), were evaluated for lung segmentation. The experimental results showed that X-RayNet-1 achieved fine performance for all datasets and X-RayNet-2 achieved competitive performance with a 75% parameter reduction.

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