scholarly journals A Method to Determine Human Skin Heat Capacity Using a Non-Invasive Calorimetric Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3431
Author(s):  
Pedro Jesús Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Fabiola Socorro ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Gustavo Marrero Callicó
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Calorimetric Sensor ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Sensor Modelling

A calorimetric sensor has been designed to measure the heat flow dissipated by a 2 × 2 cm2 skin surface. In this work, a non-invasive method is proposed to determine the heat capacity and thermal conductance of the area of skin where the measurement is made. The method consists of programming a linear variation of the temperature of the sensor thermostat during its application to the skin. The sensor is modelled as a two-inputs and two-outputs system. The inputs are (1) the power dissipated by the skin and transmitted by conduction to the sensor, and (2) the power dissipated in the sensor thermostat to maintain the programmed temperature. The outputs are (1) the calorimetric signal and (2) the thermostat temperature. The proposed method consists of a sensor modelling that allows the heat capacity of the element where dissipation takes place (the skin) to be identified, and the transfer functions (TF) that link the inputs and outputs are constructed from its value. These TFs allow the determination of the heat flow dissipated by the surface of the human body as a function of the temperature of the sensor thermostat. Furthermore, as this variation in heat flow is linear, we define and determine an equivalent thermal resistance of the skin in the measured area. The method is validated with a simulation and with experimental measurements on the surface of the human body.

scholarly journals Heat flow, heat capacity and thermal resistance of localized surfaces of the human body using a new calorimetric sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Jesús Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Fabiola Socorro ◽  
Gustavo Marrero Callicó ◽  
Jose A. L. Calbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacity ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Burn Scar ◽  
Calorimetric Sensor ◽  
Injured Area ◽  
Degree Burn ◽  
New Instrument

AbstractA non-invasive sensor equipped with a programmable thermostat has been developed to assess in vivo the heat flow transmitted by conduction from human skin to the sensor thermostat. This device enables the assessment of the thermal properties of a 2 × 2 cm2 skin surface with a thermal penetration depth of 3–4 mm. In this work, we report the thermal magnitudes recorded with this sensor in 6 different areas (temple, hand, abdomen, thigh, wrist and heel) of 6 healthy subjects of different genders and ages, which were measured under resting conditions. Heat flow and equivalent thermal resistance are proportionally related to each other and are highly variable in magnitude and different for each zone. The heat capacity is also different for each zone. The heat flow values varied from 362 ± 17 mW at the temple to 36 ± 12 mW at the heel for the same subject, when the sensor thermostat was set at 26 °C. The equivalent thermal resistance ranged from 23 ± 2 K W−1 in the volar area of the wrist to 52 ± 4 KW−1 in the inner thigh area. The heat capacity varies from 4.8 ± 0.4 J K−1 in the heel to 6.4 ± 0.2 J K−1 in the abdomen. These magnitudes were also assessed over a 2 × 1 cm2 second-degree burn scar in the volar area of the wrist. The scar area had 27.6 and 11.6% lower heat capacity and equivalent thermal resistance, respectively, allowing an increased heat flow in the injured area. This work is a preliminary study of the measurement capacity of this new instrument.

Skin surface electric potential as an indicator of skin condition: a new, non-invasive method to evaluate epidermal condition

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eriko Kawai ◽  
Jotaro Nakanishi ◽  
Noriyuki Kumazawa ◽  
Koichiro Ozawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Denda
Keyword(s):  
Electric Potential ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Quantification of three-dimensional skin displacement artefacts on the equine tibia and third metatarsus

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel L Lanovaz ◽  
Siriporn Khumsap ◽  
Hilary M Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Local Coordinate System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bone Segment ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Truncated Fourier Series ◽  
Displacement Patterns

AbstractRoutine study of three-dimensional (3D) tarsal kinematics is hampered by errors due to the displacement of skin surface-tracking markers relative to the underlying bones. Reliable kinematics can be obtained with bone-fixed markers, but an accurate, non-invasive method would have more applications. Simultaneous kinematic data from skin-based and bone-fixed markers attached to the tibia and third metatarsus were collected from three trotting subjects. The motion of the skin-based markers was extracted relative to the underlying bone motion tracked using the bone-fixed markers. The 3D skin displacement patterns for the skin-based markers were parameterized using a truncated Fourier series model. These displacements were expressed in terms of the local coordinate system for each bone. Skin displacement artefacts were observed in all three axes of each bone segment, with the largest displacements occurring at the proximal tibia. The mean skin displacement amplitudes in the tibia were 6.7%, 3.2% and 10.5% of segment length, and for the third metatarsus were 2.6%, 1.4% and 3.8% of segment length, for the craniocaudal, mediolateral and longitudinal segment axes, respectively. Skin displacement patterns could be expressed concisely using the Fourier series model. Displacements were also consistent between subjects, which should allow them to be used as a basis for developing a correction procedure for 3D tarsal joint kinematics.

scholarly journals Thermographic: a tool of aid in physical therapy diagnosis – literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Maikon Gleibyson Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Cardoso Da Silva ◽  
José Roberto de Souza Júnior ◽  
Thiago Vilela Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Cutaneous Microcirculation ◽  
Invasive Method

Introduction: Maintaining body temperature by the human body occurs through the control of the autonomic nervous system in the cutaneous microcirculation, it is necessary for there to be effective in chemical reactions and consequent maintenance of homeostasis. The human body exhibits a thermal symmetry. When any asymmetry occurs relating the contralateral area, there are some evidences of a series of cases, ranging from an inflammatory process to neurovascular changes. Thermography makes the analysis of the temperature distribution on the surface of the skin, being a tool that can be used in assessment and diagnosis of such disorders, contributing to the evolution of the treatment of patients led to physiotherapy services. Objective: To investigate the importance of thermography as an adjunct diagnostic tool in physical therapy, showing its applicability. Method: This is a literature review using various electronic databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO, by crossing the term thermography diagnosis and therapy. The sample consisted of 8 items. Results: Thermography proved a useful tool in the early diagnosis allowing the evaluation of local excessive friction prostheses muscle injury, occupational disorders, ischemic areas, and joint overloads beyond the initiation of an inflammatory process, which still showed no signs and symptoms classic, providing the physiotherapist take preventative measures and perform rapid and effective intervention. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present review that thermography can be used as an excellent diagnostic tool for physical therapy because it is a non invasive method with no side effects, with good sensitivity and reliability.

Thermodynamic Model for Cold Water Survival

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Van Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Heat Flow Model

A thermodynamic heat flow model for the human body gives survival time as a function of water temperature, assuming constant specific heat and thermal conductance. [S0148-0731(00)01305-4]

Early Diabetes Discovery From Tongue Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safia Naveed ◽  
Geetha G ◽  
Leninisha S
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Early Diabetes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract Medical imaging shows the internal structures hidden in the skin and bone to diagnose the disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes high blood sugar levels due to the inadequate secretion of insulin or the body does not respond properly to the secreted insulin. This paper proposes a non-invasive method to detect DM at an early stage based on the physiognomy extracted from tongue images. The tongue extends to identify the disease of a human body. However, unpredictable response of the human body parts such as the stomach, pancreas, liver and intestines revert in the tongue. The changes in the tongue ensure the dereliction of the internal organs of the human being. The changes are difference in the color and surface of the tongue. Processing of tongue image is done by fractional order Darwinian particle swarm optimization (FODPSO) algorithm. The system framework involves obtaining the image, alluring of the image, identifying the texture and color feature and finally classified as normal or diabetic. In this paper, the authors propose to diagnose DM at an early stage from tongue digital image. The tongue image is acquired and processed with FODPSO to extract edge and texture features. Tongue reflects and diagnoses diabetes in a person.

scholarly journals Non – Invasive Haemoglobin Measurement

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 729-733
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Haemoglobin Measurement ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Haemoglobin is one of the main constituents in characterizing the physiological condition of a human body. Currently, invasive techniques which are being used, are not suitable for real-time continuous monitoring and also include delay. On the other hand, the non-invasive method of haemoglobin measurement ensures painless and continuous real-time monitoring. This paper discusses the method and technique involved in designing a prototype for the non-invasive measurement of haemoglobin.

Malfunctional Reorganization in the Developing Limbo-Prefrontal System in Animals: Implications for Human Psychoses?

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Gertraud Teuchert-Noodt ◽  
Ralf R. Dawirs
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Activity Dependent

Abstract: Neuroplasticity research in connection with mental disorders has recently bridged the gap between basic neurobiology and applied neuropsychology. A non-invasive method in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculus) - the restricted versus enriched breading and the systemically applied single methamphetamine dose - offers an experimental approach to investigate psychoses. Acts of intervening affirm an activity dependent malfunctional reorganization in the prefrontal cortex and in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and reveal the dopamine position as being critical for the disruption of interactions between the areas concerned. From the extent of plasticity effects the probability and risk of psycho-cognitive development may be derived. Advance may be expected from insights into regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus which is obviously to meet the necessary requirements to promote psycho-cognitive functions/malfunctions via the limbo-prefrontal circuit.

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