scholarly journals Quantifying Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters with HoloLens in Healthy Adults and People with Parkinson’s Disease: Test-Retest Reliability, Concurrent Validity, and Face Validity

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 3216
Author(s):  
Daphne J. Geerse ◽  
Bert Coolen ◽  
Melvyn Roerdink
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Microsoft’s HoloLens, a mixed-reality headset, provides, besides holograms, rich position data of the head, which can be used to quantify what the wearer is doing (e.g., walking) and to parameterize such acts (e.g., speed). The aim of the current study is to determine test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and face validity of HoloLens 1 for quantifying spatiotemporal gait parameters. This was done in a group of 23 healthy young adults (mean age 21 years) walking at slow, comfortable, and fast speeds, as well as in a group of 24 people with Parkinson’s disease (mean age 67 years) walking at comfortable speed. Walking was concurrently measured with HoloLens 1 and a previously validated markerless reference motion-registration system. We comprehensively evaluated HoloLens 1 for parameterizing walking (i.e., walking speed, step length and cadence) in terms of test-retest reliability (i.e., consistency over repetitions) and concurrent validity (i.e., between-systems agreement), using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman’s bias and limits of agreement. Test-retest reliability and between-systems agreement were excellent for walking speed (ICC ≥ 0.861), step length (ICC ≥ 0.884), and cadence (ICC ≥ 0.765), with narrower between-systems than over-repetitions limits of agreement. Face validity was demonstrated with significantly different walking speeds, step lengths and cadences over walking-speed conditions. To conclude, walking speed, step length, and cadence can be reliably and validly quantified from the position data of the wearable HoloLens 1 measurement system, not only for a broad range of speeds in healthy young adults, but also for self-selected comfortable speed in people with Parkinson’s disease.

Reliability of using foot-worn devices to measure gait parameters in people with Parkinson’s disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ya-Yun Lee ◽  
Ming-Hao Li ◽  
Jer-Junn Luh ◽  
Chun-Hwei Tai
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in technology have warranted the use of wearable sensors to monitor gait and posture. However, the psychometric properties of using wearable devices to measure gait-related outcomes have not been fully established in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of body-worn sensors for gait evaluation in people with PD. Additionally, the influence of disease severity on the reliability was determined. METHODS: Twenty individuals with PD were recruited. During the first evaluation, the participants wore inertial sensors on their shoes and walked along a walkway thrice at their comfortable walking speed. The participants were then required to return to the lab after 3–5 days to complete the second evaluation with the same study procedure. Test-retest reliability of gait-related outcomes were calculated. To determine whether the results would be affected by disease severity, reliability was re-calculated by subdividing the participants into early and mid-advanced stages of the disease. RESULTS: The results showed moderate to good reliability (ICC = 0.64–0.87) of the wearable sensors for gait assessment in the general population with PD. Subgroup analysis showed that the reliability was higher among patients at early stages (ICC = 0.71–0.97) compared to those at mid-advanced stages (ICC = 0.65–0.81) of PD. CONCLUSIONS: Wearable sensors could reliably measure gait parameters in people with PD, and the reliability was higher among individuals at early stages of the disease compared to those at mid-advanced stages. Absolute reliability values were calculated to act as references for future studies.

scholarly journals Concurrent Validity, Test-Retest Reliability, and Sensitivity to Change of a Single Body-Fixed Sensor for Gait Analysis during Rollator-Assisted Walking in Acute Geriatric Patients

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4866
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Patrick Heldmann ◽  
Saskia Hummel ◽  
Laura Bauknecht ◽  
Jürgen M. Bauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Sensitivity To Change ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Walk Ratio ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Body-fixed sensor (BFS) technology offers portable, low-cost and easy-to-use alternatives to laboratory-bound equipment for analyzing an individual’s gait. Psychometric properties of single BFS systems for gait analysis in older adults who require a rollator for walking are, however, unknown. The study’s aim was to evaluate the concurrent validity, test-retest-reliability, and sensitivity to change of a BFS (DynaPort MoveTest; McRoberts B.V., The Hague, The Netherlands) for measuring gait parameters during rollator-assisted walking. Fifty-eight acutely hospitalized older patients equipped with the BFS at the lower back completed a 10 m walkway using a rollator. Concurrent validity was assessed against the Mobility Lab (APDM Inc.; Portland, OR, USA), test-retest reliability over two trials within a 15 min period, and sensitivity to change in patients with improved, stable and worsened 4 m usual gait speed over hospital stay. Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for gait speed, cadence, step length, step time, and walk ratio indicate good to excellent agreement between the BFS and the Mobility Lab (ICC2,1 = 0.87–0.99) and the repeated trials (ICC2,1 = 0.83–0.92). Moderate to large standardized response means were observed in improved (gait speed, cadence, step length, walk ratio: 0.62–0.99) and worsened patients (gait speed, cadence, step time: −0.52 to −0.85), while those in stable patients were trivial to small (all gait parameters: −0.04–0.40). The BFS appears to be a valid, reliable and sensitive instrument for measuring spatio-temporal gait parameters during rollator-assisted walking in geriatric patients.

scholarly journals Gait Training Methods and ChangesiIn Gait Parameters in Parkinson`s Disease (Literature Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aušra Stuopelytė ◽  
Rasa Šakalienė
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Dual Tasking ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation ◽  
Walking Velocity

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic progressive neurological disorder that can impact function to a variable degree. Changes in gait parameters are the most common signs of Parkinson’s disease. Patients with Parkinson’s disease walk with a reduced step length, step time, walking velocity and walking cadence, increased stride cycle time, coefficient of variation of the step amplitude and step time and increased risk to fall. So, various gait training methods are applied. The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait in Parkinson’s disease patients is analysed. We can use various kinds of music, metronome, scansion and clapping as a rhythmic auditory stimulation.One of gait training methods in Parkinson’s disease patients is treadmill training. There are attempts to combine treadmill training with transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. We can use Nordic walking method and because walking technique requires straight posture, trunk rotation, bigger step and heel stride. More often robot–assisted gait training is used in patients with Parkinson’s disease gait training. The effect of dual–tasking and walking with music methods for gait and balance training in patients with Parkinson’s disease is also analysed. This method requires participants to perform primary and secondary tasks at the same time. The secondary task can be cognitive or motor. Dual–tasking is widely analysed because opinions about applying this method are very controversial. Walking with music method is more often analysed in scientific literature. This method could not be compared to rhythmic auditory stimulation method because the latter requires precise walking to rhythm and walking with music method is oriented to emotional component (music is chosen according patients’ music taste). As these methods are applied, we can see an increase in chosen walking and maximal walking velocities, step length and time, distance covered, and decrease in the coefficient of variation of the step time and turning time.Keywords: Gait impairments, walking velocity, rhythmic auditory stimulation.

Construct validity and test-retest reliability of a free mobile application for spatio-temporal gait analysis in Parkinson’s disease patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
Sergio Clavijo-Buendía ◽  
Francisco Molina-Rueda ◽  
Patricia Martín-Casas ◽  
Paulina Ortega-Bastidas ◽  
Esther Monge-Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Test-retest reliability of stride length-cadence gait relationship in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Mira Ambrus ◽  
Jose A. Sanchez ◽  
Jose A Sanchez Miguel ◽  
Fernandez del-Olmo
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

scholarly journals Virtual Exam for Parkinson's Disease Enables Frequent and Reliable Measurements of Motor Function

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilien Burq ◽  
Erin Rainaldi ◽  
King Chung Ho ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Bastiaan R Bloem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Dropout Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Sensor-based remote monitoring could help us better track Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, and measure patients' response to putative disease-modifying therapeutic interventions. To be useful, the remotely-collected measurements should be valid, reliable and sensitive to change, and people with PD must engage with the technology. We developed a smartwatch-based active assessment that enables unsupervised measurement of motor signs of PD. 388 study participants with early-stage PD (Personalized Parkinson Project, 64% men, average age 63 years) wore a smartwatch for a median of 390 days, allowing for continuous passive monitoring. Participants performed unsupervised motor tasks both in the clinic (once) and remotely (twice weekly for one year). Dropout rate was 2% at the end of follow-up. Median wear-time was 21.1 hours/day, and 59% of per-protocol remote assessments were completed. In-clinic performance of the virtual exam verified that most participants correctly followed watch-based instructions. Analytical validation was established for in-clinic measurements, which showed moderate-to-strong correlations with consensus MDS-UPDRS Part III ratings for rest tremor (R=0.70), bradykinesia (R=-0.62), and gait (R=-0.46). Test-retest reliability of remote measurements, aggregated monthly, was good-to-excellent (ICC: 0.75 - 0.96). Remote measurements were sensitive to the known effects of dopaminergic medication (on vs off Cohen's d: 0.19 - 0.54). Of note, in-clinic assessments often did not reflect the patients' typical status at home. This demonstrates the feasibility of using smartwatch-based unsupervised active tests, and establishes the analytical validity of associated digital measurements. Weekly measurements can create a more complete picture of patient functioning by providing a real-life distribution of disease severity, as it fluctuates over time. Sensitivity to medication-induced change, together with the improvement in test-retest reliability from temporal aggregation implies that these methods could help reduce sample sizes needed to demonstrate a response to therapeutic intervention or disease progression.

scholarly journals Test-retest reliability of physical activity questionnaires in Parkinson’s disease

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Ånfors ◽  
Ann-Sofi Kammerlind ◽  
Maria H. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Questionnaires ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background People with Parkinson’s disease are less physically active than controls. It is important to promote physical activity, which can be assessed using different methods. Subjective measures include physical activity questionnaires, which are easy and cheap to administer in clinical practice. Knowledge of the psychometric properties of physical activity questionnaires for people with Parkinson’s disease is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of physical activity questionnaires in individuals with Parkinson’s disease without cognitive impairment. Methods Forty-nine individuals with Parkinson’s disease without cognitive impairment participated in a test-retest reliability study. At two outpatient visits 8 days apart, the participants completed comprehensive questionnaires and single-item questions: International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), Saltin-Grimby Physical Activity Level Scale (SGPALS) and Health on Equal Terms (HOET). Test-retest reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), limits of agreement, weighted kappa or the Svensson method. Results Several of the physical activity questionnaires had relatively low test-retest reliability, including the comprehensive questionnaires (IPAQ-SF and PASE). Total physical activity according to IPAQ-SF had an ICC value of 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.66) and SEM was 2891 MET-min/week. The PASE total score had an ICC value of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.46–0.79), whereas the SEM was 30 points. The single-item scales of SGPALS-past six months (SGPALS-6 m) and HOET question 1 (HOET-q1) with longer time frames (6 or 12 months, respectively) showed better results. Weighted kappa values were 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45–0.83) for SGPALS-6 m and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.39–0.80) for HOET-q1, whereas the single-item questions with a shorter recall period had kappa values < 0.40. Conclusions Single-item questions with a longer time frame (6 or 12 months) for physical activity were shown to be more reliable than multi-item questionnaires such as the IPAQ-SF and PASE in individuals with Parkinson’s disease without cognitive impairments. There is a need to develop a core outcome set to measure physical activity in people with Parkinson’s disease, and there might be a need to develop new physical activity questionnaires.

scholarly journals Influence of Autocorrelated Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations on Parkinson’s Disease Gait Variability: Comparison With Other Auditory Rhythm Variabilities and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Lheureux ◽  
Thibault Warlop ◽  
Charline Cambier ◽  
Baptiste Chemin ◽  
Gaëtan Stoquart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Temporal Organization ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Stride Duration

Parkinson’s Disease patients suffer from gait impairments such as reduced gait speed, shortened step length, and deterioration of the temporal organization of stride duration variability (i.e., breakdown in Long-Range Autocorrelations). The aim of this study was to compare the effects on Parkinson’s Disease patients’ gait of three Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations (RAS), each structured with a different rhythm variability (isochronous, random, and autocorrelated). Nine Parkinson’s Disease patients performed four walking conditions of 10–15 min each: Control Condition (CC), Isochronous RAS (IRAS), Random RAS (RRAS), and Autocorrelated RAS (ARAS). Accelerometers were used to assess gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e., Long-Range Autocorrelations computation), and magnitude (i.e., coefficient of variation) of stride duration variability on 512 gait cycles. Long-Range Autocorrelations were assessed using the evenly spaced averaged Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (α-DFA exponent). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and coefficient of variation were not modified by the RAS. Long-Range Autocorrelations were present in all patients during CC and ARAS although all RAS conditions altered them. The α-DFA exponents were significantly lower during IRAS and RRAS than during CC, exhibiting anti-correlations during IRAS in seven patients. α-DFA during ARAS was the closest to the α-DFA during CC and within normative data of healthy subjects. In conclusion, Isochronous RAS modify patients’ Long-Range Autocorrelations and the use of Autocorrelated RAS allows to maintain an acceptable level of Long-Range Autocorrelations for Parkinson’s Disease patients’ gait.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in Italian Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perla Massai ◽  
Francesca Colalelli ◽  
Julita Sansoni ◽  
Donatella Valente ◽  
Marco Tofani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Introduction. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is commonly used to assess depressive symptoms, but its psychometric properties have never been examined in Italian people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The aim of this study was to study the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the GDS in a sample of PD patients. Methods. The GDS was administered to 74 patients with PD in order to study its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct, and discriminant validity. Results. The internal consistency of GDS was excellent (α = 0.903), as well as the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.941 [95% CI: 0.886–0.970]). GDS showed a strong correlation with instruments related to the depression (ρ = 0.880) in PD (ρ = 0.712) and a weak correlation with generic measurement instruments (−0.320 < ρ <−0.217). An area under the curve of 0.892 (95% CI 0.809–0.975) indicated a moderate capability to discriminate depressed patients to nondepressed patient, with a cutoff value between 15 and 16 points that predicts depression (sensitivity = 87%; specificity = 82%). Conclusion. The GDS is a reliable and valid tool in a sample of Italian PD subjects; this scale can be used in clinical and research contexts.

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