scholarly journals Combining Denoising Autoencoders and Dynamic Programming for Acoustic Detection and Tracking of Underwater Moving Targets

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Testolin ◽  
Roee Diamant
Keyword(s):  
Viterbi Algorithm ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Marine Monitoring ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Acoustic Emitter ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Probabilistic Tracking ◽  
Ground Truth Information

Accurate detection and tracking of moving targets in underwater environments pose significant challenges, because noise in acoustic measurements (e.g., SONAR) makes the signal highly stochastic. In continuous marine monitoring a further challenge is related to the computational complexity of the signal processing pipeline—due to energy constraints, in off-shore monitoring platforms algorithms should operate in real time with limited power consumption. In this paper, we present an innovative method that allows to accurately detect and track underwater moving targets from the reflections of an active acoustic emitter. Our system is based on a computationally- and energy-efficient pre-processing stage carried out using a deep convolutional denoising autoencoder (CDA), whose output is then fed to a probabilistic tracking method based on the Viterbi algorithm. The CDA is trained on a large database of more than 20,000 reflection patterns collected during 50 designated sea experiments. System performance is then evaluated on a controlled dataset, for which ground truth information is known, as well as on recordings collected during different sea experiments. Results show that, compared to the benchmark, our method achieves a favorable trade-off between detection and false alarm rate, as well as improved tracking accuracy.

scholarly journals Convolutional Neural Network Using Kalman Filter for Human Detection and Tracking on RGB-D Video

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovin Angelico ◽  
Ken Ratri Retno Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Human Detection ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Lighting Condition ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Computation Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

The computer ability to detect human being by computer vision is still being improved both in accuracy or computation time. In low-lighting condition, the detection accuracy is usually low. This research uses additional information, besides RGB channels, namely a depth map that shows objects’ distance relative to the camera. This research integrates Cascade Classifier (CC) to localize the potential object, the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technique to identify the human and nonhuman image, and the Kalman filter technique to track human movement. For training and testing purposes, there are two kinds of RGB-D datasets used with different points of view and lighting conditions. Both datasets have been selected to remove images which contain a lot of noises and occlusions so that during the training process it will be more directed. Using these integrated techniques, detection and tracking accuracy reach 77.7%. The impact of using Kalman filter increases computation efficiency by 41%.

BYANJON: A Ground Truth Preparation System for Online Handwritten Bangla Documents

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shibaprasad Sen ◽  
Ankan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Ram Sarkar ◽  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Word Segmentation ◽  
Text Line ◽  
Line Extraction ◽  
Manual Intervention ◽  
Ground Truth Generation ◽  
Class Labels ◽  
Text Line Extraction ◽  
Ground Truth Information

The work reported in this article deals with the ground truth generation scheme for online handwritten Bangla documents at text-line, word, and stroke levels. The aim of the proposed scheme is twofold: firstly, to build a document level database so that future researchers can use the database to do research in this field. Secondly, the ground truth information will help other researchers to evaluate the performance of their algorithms developed for text-line extraction, word extraction, word segmentation, stroke recognition, and word recognition. The reported ground truth generation scheme starts with text-line extraction from the online handwritten Bangla documents, then words extraction from the text-lines, and finally segmentation of those words into basic strokes. After word segmentation, the basic strokes are assigned appropriate class labels by using modified distance-based feature extraction procedure and the MLP ( Multi-layer Perceptron ) classifier. The Unicode for the words are then generated from the sequence of stroke labels. XML files are used to store the stroke, word, and text-line levels ground truth information for the corresponding documents. The proposed system is semi-automatic and each step such as text-line extraction, word extraction, word segmentation, and stroke recognition has been implemented by using different algorithms. Thus, the proposed ground truth generation procedure minimizes huge manual intervention by reducing the number of mouse clicks required to extract text-lines, words from the document, and segment the words into basic strokes. The integrated stroke recognition module also helps to minimize the manual labor needed to assign appropriate stroke labels. The freely available and can be accessed at https://byanjon.herokuapp.com/ .

An Industrial Production Line Dynamic Target Tracking System Based on HAAR and CAMSHIFT

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 2059037
Author(s):  
Xuejun Tian ◽  
Haowen Feng ◽  
Jieyan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Target Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Moving Targets ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
System A ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Camshift Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Target

Aiming at the detection and tracking of moving targets in industrial automation system, a dynamic target tracking algorithm based on HAAR and CAMSHIFT is proposed. A cascade HAAR classifier is designed and trained for tracking targets. CAMSHIFT algorithm is used to track and detect moving targets quickly. The system is tested on Raspberry Pi embedded platform. The results show that the algorithm can detect the target correctly and track the target effectively.

scholarly journals Joint Passive Detection and Tracking of Underwater Acoustic Target by Beamforming-Based Bernoulli Filter with Multiple Arrays

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyue Chen ◽  
Wen Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Tracking Accuracy ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Passive Detection ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Target Track ◽  
Distributed Arrays ◽  
Acoustic Target ◽  
Bernoulli Filter

In this paper, improved Bernoulli filtering methods are developed to deal with the problem of joint passive detection and tracking of an underwater acoustic target with multiple arrays. Three different likelihood calculation methods based on local beamforming results are proposed for the Bernoulli filter updating. Firstly, multiple peaks, including both mainlobe and sidelobe peaks, are selected to form the direction-of-arrival (DOA) measurement set, and then the Bernoulli filter is used to extract the target track. Secondly, to make full use of the informations in the beamforming output, not only the DOAs but also their intensities, the beam powers are used as the input measurement sets of the filter, and an approach based on Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is developed for distinguishing between signal and noise. Lastly, a hybrid method of the former two is proposed in the case of fewer then three arrays. The tracking performances of the three methods are compared in simulations and experiment. The simulations with three distributed arrays show that, compared with the DOA-based method, the beam-based method and the hybrid method can both improve the target tracking accuracy. The processing results of the shallow water experimental data collected by two arrays show that the hybrid method can achieve a better tracking performance.

Moving targets detection and tracking under dynamic background based on multicore TMS320C6678

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Ge Shanshan Ge ◽  
Baojun Zhao Baojun Zhao ◽  
Shuigen Wang Shuigen Wang ◽  
Meiping Ji Meiping Ji
Keyword(s):  
Moving Targets ◽  
Dynamic Background ◽  
Detection And Tracking

scholarly journals Identifying Doppler Velocity Contamination Caused by Migrating Birds. Part II: Bayes Identification and Probability Tests

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Liu ◽  
Qin Xu ◽  
Pengfei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Single Parameter ◽  
Statistical Decision Theory ◽  
Doppler Velocity ◽  
Statistical Decision ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Migrating Birds ◽  
Bayesian Statistical Decision Theory ◽  
Ground Truth Information

Abstract Based on the Bayesian statistical decision theory, a probabilistic quality control (QC) technique is developed to identify and flag migrating-bird-contaminated sweeps of level II velocity scans at the lowest elevation angle using the QC parameters presented in Part I. The QC technique can use either each single QC parameter or all three in combination. The single-parameter QC technique is shown to be useful for evaluating the effectiveness of each QC parameter based on the smallness of the tested percentages of wrong decision by using the ground truth information (if available) or based on the smallness of the estimated probabilities of wrong decision (if there is no ground truth information). The multiparameter QC technique is demonstrated to be much better than any of the three single-parameter QC techniques, as indicated by the very small value of the tested percentages of wrong decision for no-flag decisions (not contaminated by migrating birds). Since the averages of the estimated probabilities of wrong decision are quite close to the tested percentages of wrong decision, they can provide useful information about the probability of wrong decision when the multiparameter QC technique is used for real applications (with no ground truth information).

scholarly journals Introduction to Coastal HF Maritime Surveillance Radars

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimov Stojce Ilcev
Keyword(s):  
Ground Truth ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hf Radar ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
Maritime Surveillance ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Multi Target Tracking ◽  
Ship Classification

Abstract This paper presents the main technical characteristics and working performances of coastal maritime surveillance radars, such as low-power High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWR) and Over the Horizon Radars (OTHR). These radars have demonstrated to be a cost-effective long-range early-warning sensor for ship detection and tracking in coastal waters, sea channels and passages. In this work, multi-target tracking and data fusion techniques are applied to live-recorded data from a network of oceanographic HFSWR stations installed in Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), Wellen Radar (WERA) in Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), CODAR Ocean Sebsorsin and in the German Bight (North Sea). The coastal Imaging Sciences Research (ISR) HFSWR system, Multi-static ISR HF Radar, Ship Classification using Multi-Frequency HF Radar, Coastal HF radar surveillance of pirate boats and Different projects of coastal HF radars for vessels detecting are described. Ship reports from the Automatic Identification System (AIS), recorded from both coastal and satellite Land Earth Stations (LES) are exploited as ground truth information and a methodology is applied to classify the fused tracks and to estimate system performances. Experimental results for all above solutions are presented and discussed, together with an outline for future integration and infrastructures.

scholarly journals Gaussian Processes for Vegetation Parameter Estimation from Hyperspectral Data with Limited Ground Truth

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utsav B. Gewali ◽  
Sildomar T. Monteiro ◽  
Eli Saber
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Processes ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Spectral Correlation ◽  
Covariance Functions ◽  
Vegetation Parameter ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
Ground Truth Information

An important application of airborne- and satellite-based hyperspectral imaging is the mapping of the spatial distribution of vegetation biophysical and biochemical parameters in an environment. Statistical models, such as Gaussian processes, have been very successful for modeling vegetation parameters from captured spectra, however their performance is highly dependent on the amount of available ground truth. This is a problem because it is generally expensive to obtain ground truth information due to difficulties and costs associated with sample collection and analysis. In this paper, we present two Gaussian processes based approaches for improving the accuracy of vegetation parameter retrieval when ground truth is limited. The first is the adoption of covariance functions based on well-established metrics, such as, spectral angle and spectral correlation, which are known to be better measures of similarity for spectral data owing to their resilience to spectral variabilities. The second is the joint modeling of related vegetation parameters by multitask Gaussian processes so that the prediction accuracy of the vegetation parameter of interest can be improved with the aid of related vegetation parameters for which a larger set of ground truth is available. We experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methods against existing approaches on three real-world hyperspectral datasets and one synthetic dataset.

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