scholarly journals Energy Efficient Determinism in WSN through Reverse Packet Elimination

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Kvist ◽  
Andreas Ramstad Urke ◽  
Knut Øvsthus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Average Latency ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Algorithm Implementation ◽  
Installation Cost ◽  
Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

Recently, the industrial wireless sensor network (WSN) has gained attention as a complement to wired networks due to its flexibility and lower installation cost. We present a novel Reverse Packet Elimination (RPE) algorithm implementation at the IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e (6TiSCH) stack that increases reliability without significantly increasing energy consumption. RPE increases the reliability while conserving energy by transmitting a cancellation packet from the sink towards the sender to reduce unnecessary packets. The evaluation utilized mainly the 6TiSCH Simulator, with additional analytical assessments. We present several evaluation scenarios and compare WSN with and without RPE. In a WSN where each link had a packet reception rate of 70%, RPE increased the reliability with 11.8%. Furthermore, the average latency decreased with 39.1%. The average energy consumption increased with 19.8% when utilizing RPE. However, the network lifetime, i.e., the time before the first node experiences battery depletion increases slightly, which is a significant improvement compared to alternative replication mechanisms.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach to Reduce Energy Consumption By Clustering With Genetic Algorithm and Sleeping Time in The IoT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Babaei ◽  
Alireza Hedayati
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Timing Mechanisms ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Abstract Internet of things is one of the most important technologies in the last century which covers various domains such as wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks consist of a large number of sensor nodes that are scattered in an environment and collect information from the surrounding environment and send it to a central station. One of the most important problems in these networks is saving energy consumption of nodes and consequently increasing lifetime of networks. Work has been done in various fields to achieve this goal, one of which is clustering and the use of sleep timing mechanisms in wireless sensor networks. Therefore, in this article, we have examined the existing protocols in this field, especially LEACH-based clustering protocols. The proposed method tries to optimize the energy consumption of nodes by using genetic-based clustering as well as a sleep scheduling mechanism based on the colonial competition algorithm. The results of this simulation show that our proposed method has improved network life (by 18%) and average energy consumption (by 11%) and reduced latency in these networks (by 17%).

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Relay-Based Void Hole Prevention and Repair in Clustered Multi-AUV Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Amir Chaaf ◽  
Mohammed Saleh Ali Muthanna ◽  
Ammar Muthanna ◽  
Soha Alhelaly ◽  
Ibrahim A. Elgendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Maximum Matching ◽  
Sleep Scheduling ◽  
Relay Nodes

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable various oceanic applications which require effective packet transmission. In this case, sparse node distribution, imbalance in terms of overall energy consumption between the different sensor nodes, dynamic network topology, and inappropriate selection of relay nodes cause void holes. Addressing this problem, we present a relay-based void hole prevention and repair (ReVOHPR) protocol by multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for UWSN. ReVOHPR is a global solution that implements different phases of operations that act mutually in order to efficiently reduce and identify void holes and trap relay nodes to avoid it. ReVOHPR adopts the following operations as ocean depth (levels)-based equal cluster formation, dynamic sleep scheduling, virtual graph-based routing, and relay-assisted void hole repair. For energy-efficient cluster forming, entropy-based eligibility ranking (E2R) is presented, which elects stable cluster heads (CHs). Then, dynamic sleep scheduling is implemented by the dynamic kernel Kalman filter (DK2F) algorithm in which sleep and active modes are based on the node’s current status. Intercluster routing is performed by maximum matching nodes that are selected by dual criteria, and also the data are transmitted to AUV. Finally, void holes are detected and repaired by the bicriteria mayfly optimization (BiCMO) algorithm. The BiCMO focuses on reducing the number of holes and data packet loss and maximizes the quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency of the network. This protocol is timely dealing with node failures in packet transmission via multihop routing. Simulation is implemented by the NS3 (AquaSim module) simulator that evaluates the performance in the network according to the following metrics: average energy consumption, delay, packet delivery rate, and throughput. The simulation results of the proposed REVOHPR protocol comparing to the previous protocols allowed to conclude that the REVOHPR has considerable advantages. Due to the development of a new protocol with a set of phases for data transmission, energy consumption minimization, and void hole avoidance and mitigation in UWSN, the number of active nodes rate increases with the improvement in overall QoS.

STBCP: An Energy Efficient Sub-threshold Bee Colony-based Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-453
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Kia ◽  
Alireza Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Bee Colony

Background & Objective: In this paper, a new energy efficient LEACH-based protocol for wireless sensor network is presented. One of the main issues in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is the battery consumption. In fact, changing batteries is a time consuming task and expensive. It is even impossible in many remote WSNs. Methods: The main goal of the presented protocol is to decrease the energy consumption of each node and increase the network lifetime. Lower power consumption results in longer battery lifetime. This protocol takes the advantage of sub-threshold technique and bee colony algorithm in order to optimize the energy consumption of a WSN. Simulation results show that the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network reduces by 25 percent using STBCP in comparison with recent LEACHbased protocols. It has been shown that the average energy of the network remains balanced and the distribution of residual energy in each round is equitable. Conclusion: In addition, the lifetime of a network using STBCP protocol has been increased by 23 percent regarding recently presented routing protocols.

scholarly journals Calculation and Simulation of Transmission Reliability in Wireless Sensor Network Based on Network Coding

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifu Luan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Network Coding ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Finite Domain ◽  
Transmission Reliability ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">The wireless sensor network (WSN) has penetrated into every corner in our lives, ranging from national defense, biological medicine, environmental monitoring, to traffic management. It is of great significance to study the reliability of data transmission, a key determinant of the results of monitoring events. The network reliability lies in fault tolerance: when some nodes or links in the network fail, the data can be recovered at the sink node by selecting the appropriate finite domain space. In this paper, network coding is used to improve the reliability of WSN. Firstly, the author calculated the data transmission reliability and average energy consumption of network coding in single-path and multi-path scenarios. Then, the average energy consumption of network coding was compared with that of the traditional method. Finally, the reliabilities of the two different methods were simulated on MATLAB at different channel loss rates. The experimental results show that the reliability of the network coding technique is better than the traditional one at the expense of a small amount of energy.</span>

scholarly journals Wireless-Uplinks-Based Energy-Efficient Scheduling in Mobile Cloud Computing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Chaowei Yuan ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Enda Peng
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Mobile Cloud Computing ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient Scheduling

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) combines cloud computing and mobile internet to improve the computational capabilities of resource-constrained mobile devices (MDs). In MCC, mobile users could not only improve the computational capability of MDs but also save operation consumption by offloading the mobile applications to the cloud. However, MCC faces the problem of energy efficiency because of time-varying channels when the offloading is being executed. In this paper, we address the issue of energy-efficient scheduling for wireless uplink in MCC. By introducing Lyapunov optimization, we first propose a scheduling algorithm that can dynamically choose channel to transmit data based on queue backlog and channel statistics. Then, we show that the proposed scheduling algorithm can make a tradeoff between queue backlog and energy consumption in a channel-aware MCC system. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling algorithm can reduce the time average energy consumption for offloading compared to the existing algorithm.

scholarly journals Approach for Collision Minimization and Enhancement of Power Allocation in WSNs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Debabrata Singh ◽  
Jyotishree Bhanipati ◽  
Anil Kumar Biswal ◽  
Debabrata Samanta ◽  
Shubham Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Data Loss ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
High Data ◽  
Congestion Detection ◽  
Packet Arrival ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted much more attention in recent years. Hence, nowadays, WSN is considered one of the most popular technologies in the networking field. The reason behind its increasing rate is only for its adaptability as it works through batteries which are energy efficient, and for these characteristics, it has covered a wide market worldwide. Transmission collision is one of the key reasons for the decrease in performance in WSNs which results in excessive delay and packet loss. The collision range should be minimized in order to mitigate the risk of these packet collisions. The WSNs that contribute to minimize the collision area and the statistics show that the collision area which exceeds equivalents transmission power has been significantly reduced by this technique. This proposed paper optimally reduced the power consumption and data loss through proper routing of packets and the method of congestion detection. WSNs typically require high data reliability to preserve identification and responsiveness capacity while also improving data reliability, transmission, and redundancy. Retransmission is determined by the probability of packet arrival as well as the average energy consumption.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Harvesting Solar Energy for Self-Powered Environmental Wireless Sensor Nodes

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Yuyang Li ◽  
Ehab A. Hamed ◽  
Xincheng Zhang ◽  
Daniel Luna ◽  
Jeen-Shang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

Energy harvesting has a vital role in building reliable Environmental Wireless Sensor Networks (EWSNs), without needing to replace a discharged battery. Solar energy is one of the main renewable energy sources that can be used to efficiently charge a battery. This paper introduces two solar energy harvesters and their power measurements at different light conditions in order to charge rechargeable AA batteries powering EWSN nodes. The first harvester is a primitive energy harvesting circuit that is built using elementary off-shelf components, while the second harvester is based on a commercial boost converter chip. To prove the effectiveness of harvesting solar energy, five EWSN nodes were distributed at a nature reserve (the Audubon Society of Western Pennsylvania, USA) and the sunlight at their locations was recorded for more than five months. For each recorded illumination, the corresponding harvested energy has been estimated and compared with the average energy consumption of the EWSN with the most power consumption. The results show that the daily harvested energy effectively compensates for the energy consumption of the EWSN nodes, and the battery charge capacity of 295 mAh can reliably support their daily dynamic energy consumption.

scholarly journals Local Bit-Line Sharing Robust Dual-Port 8T SRAM With Virtual VSS for Energy-Efficient In-Memory Computing Architecture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
anil rajput ◽  
Manisha Pattanaik ◽  
Gaurav Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Leakage Power ◽  
Single Cycle ◽  
Remarkable Feature ◽  
Content Addressable Memory ◽  
Average Energy Consumption ◽  
The Stability

The In-Memory Computing (IMC) architecture based on 6T, 8T, 10T SRAM fails under process-variation and suffers from compute-disturb, compute-failure, half-select issue, respectively, which affect the reliability of IMC operation. To overcome these problems, local bit-line sharing Dual-Port 8T (SDP8T) SRAM with Virtual VSS is proposed to improve the stability and energy efficiency of IMC architecture. The decouple read-write path with high-Vth transistor is used to improve the read-margin by 2.11× and reduce the read-energy by 36.35% as compared to Transpose-8T SRAM. The virtual VSS write assist is used in SDP8T SRAM to improve the write-margin by 26.49%, and lower the leakage power by 47.95% as compared to Transpose-8T SRAM. Furthermore, IMC architecture is proposed using SDP8T SRAM. In addition to the SRAM function, SDP8T-IMC architecture performs In-memory Boolean computation(IMBC) operations without compute-disturbance and compute-failure. The remarkable feature of SDP8T-IMC architecture is that it performs IMBC operation on four operands simultaneously using all four bit-line ports in a single cycle, thus doubling the throughput and obtain 11.04 fJ/bit average energy consumption at 1 V supply. The maximum operating frequency of the proposed IMC architecture is 1050 MHz at 1 V. Cumulatively, the proposed SDP8T-IMC architecture has 32.22%, 27.03%, 60.10%, 50.93%, 60.48%, 35.05%, and 65.28% reduction in energy consumption as compared to C6T, 6TCSRAM, 8+T, 8T, 10T, 12T, and 4+2T SRAM based IMC architectures, respectively. Moreover, the proposed IMC architecture is configured as Binary Content Addressable Memory (BCAM) for searching applications which achieves 0.60fJ energy consumption per search/bit at 1 V.

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