scholarly journals Design Rule of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensors for Ultra-High Sensitivity

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Xie ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Daoxin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Design Rule ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Shift Measurement ◽  
Refractive Index Unit ◽  
Index Unit ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

A design rule for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) sensor is presented, allowing tunable sensitivity by appropriately choosing the MZI arm lengths according to the formula given in this paper. The present MZI sensor designed by this method can achieve an ultra-high sensitivity, which is much higher than any other traditional MZI sensors. An example is given with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanowires and the device sensitivity is as high as 106 nm/refractive-index -unit (or even higher), by choosing the MZI arms appropriately. This makes it possible for one to realize a low-cost optical sensing system with a detection limit as high as 10−6 refractive-index-unit, even when a cheap optical spectrum analyzer with low-resolution (e.g., 1 nm) is used for the wavelength-shift measurement.

scholarly journals Compact Inner-Wall Grating Slot Microring Resonator for Label-Free Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 5038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Gu ◽  
He Gong ◽  
Chunxue Wang ◽  
Xiaoqiang Sun ◽  
Xibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Microring Resonator ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solutions ◽  
Sensing Application ◽  
Index Unit

In this paper, we present and analyze a compact inner-wall grating slot microring resonator (IG-SMRR) with the footprint of less than 13 μm × 13 μm on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform for label-free sensing, which comprises a slot microring resonator (SMRR) and inner-wall grating (IG). Its detection range is significantly enhanced without the limitation of the free spectral region (FSR) owing to the combination of SMRR and IG. The IG-SMRR has an ultra-large quasi-FSR of 84.5 nm as the detection range, and enlarged factor is up to over 3 compared with the conventional SMRR. The concentration sensitivities of sodium chloride solutions and D-glucose solutions are 996.91 pm/% and 968.05 pm/%, respectively, and the corresponding refractive index (RI) sensitivities are 559.5 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) and 558.3 nm/RIU, respectively. The investigation on the combination of SMRR and IG is a valuable exploration of label-free sensing application for ultra-large detection range and ultra-high sensitivity in future.

In-fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Cascading Fiber Air Bubble for High Sensitivity Liquid Refractive Index Measurement

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 70706006
Author(s):  
李辉栋 LI Hui-dong ◽  
傅海威 FU Hai-wei ◽  
邵敏 SHAO Min ◽  
闫旭 YAN Xu ◽  
贾振安 JIA Zhen-an
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

scholarly journals Optical Coupling Structures of Fiber-Optic Mach-Zehnder Interferometers Using CO2Laser Irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsing Chen ◽  
Chih-Yu Hsu ◽  
Pei-Hsing Huang ◽  
Jian-Neng Wang ◽  
Wei-Te Wu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Interference Signal ◽  
Optical Coupling ◽  
Interference Signals ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) can be used to test changes in the refractive index of sucrose solutions at different concentrations. However, the popularity of this measurement tool is limited by its substantial size and portability. Therefore, the MZI was integrated with a small fiber-optic waveguide component to develop an interferometer with fiber-optic characteristics, specifically a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (FO-MZI). Optical fiber must be processed to fabricate two optical coupling structures. The two optical coupling structures are a duplicate of the beam splitter, an optical component of the interferometer. Therefore, when the sensor length and the two optical coupling structures vary, the time or path for optical transmission in the sensor changes, thereby influencing the back-end interference signals. The researchers successfully developed an asymmetrical FO-MZI with sensing abilities. The spacing value between the troughs of the sensor length and interference signal exhibited an inverse relationship. In addition, image analysis was employed to examine the size-matching relationship between various sensor lengths and the coupling and decoupling structure. Furthermore, the spectral wavelength shift results measured using a refractive index sensor indicate that FO-MZIs with a sensor length of 38 mm exhibited excellent sensitivity, measuring 59.7 nm/RIU.

scholarly journals Dual Demodulation of Temperature and Refractive Index Using Ring Core Fiber Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Weihao Yuan ◽  
Changyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Core Fiber ◽  
Ring Core ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

We report the ring core fiber spliced with single mode fiber and no core fiber which is used for temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing. The Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is formed with this kind of sandwich fiber structure and the maximum extinction ratio of the interference spectra reaches 27 dB with the free spectra range of 12 nm. The MZI fiber sensor is applied for temperature sensing with the sensitivity of 69 pm/°C and 0.051 dB/°C. The RI sensitivity reaches 182.07 dB/RIU and −31.44 nm/RIU with the RI ranging from 1.33 to 1.38. The RI value can be directly demodulated with the interference dip intensity which shows insensitivity to temperature. The demodulation of temperature can be achieved by using the linear equations between dip wavelength shift with the variation of temperature and RI.

High Sensitivity Refractive Index Sensor Based on Long Period Fiber Gratings in Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

2013 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 609-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Rong Zheng ◽  
Yong Qin Yu ◽  
Zhi Long Ou ◽  
Chen Lin Du ◽  
Pei Guang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Zehnder Interferometer ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Fiber Gratings ◽  
Refractive Index Measurement ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Fiber Gratings ◽  
Mach Zehnder Interferometer

Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by a pair of long period fiber gratings on single mode fiber is investigated as surrounding refractive index sensors. Interference fringes with bandwidth of 1.68 nm are induced by core mode and the excited cladding mode. High SRI sensitivity of 280.74 nm/RIU at 1437.74 nm in the range of 1.333 to 1.360 is achieved. Whilst the strain sensitivity (~0.33 nm/mε) and temperature response (~20.7 pm/°C) at 1428.64 nm are relatively low, which is superior in avoiding cross sensitivity in refractive index measurement.

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