scholarly journals Art through the Colors of Graffiti: From the Perspective of the Chromatic Structure

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Claudia Feitosa-Santana ◽  
Carlo M. Gaddi ◽  
Andreia E. Gomes ◽  
Sérgio M. C. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
General Term ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Traditional Artists ◽  
Synthetic Pigments ◽  
Pictorial Representations ◽  
New Generation

Graffiti is a general term that describes inscriptions on a wall, a practice with ancient origins, ranging from simple drawings and writings to elaborate pictorial representations. Nowadays, the term graffiti commonly describes the street art dedicated to wall paintings, which raises complex questions, including sociological, legal, political and aesthetic issues. Here we examine the aesthetics of graffiti colors by quantitatively characterizing and comparing their chromatic structure to that of traditional paintings in museums and natural scenes obtained by hyperspectral imaging. Two hundred twenty-eight photos of graffiti were taken in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The colors of graffiti were represented in a color space and characterized by several statistical parameters. We found that graffiti have chromatic structures similar to those of traditional paintings, namely their preferred colors, distribution, and balance. In particular, they have color gamuts with the same degree of elongation, revealing a tendency for combining similar colors in the same proportions. Like more traditional artists, the preferred colors are close to the yellow–blue axis of color space, suggesting that graffiti artists’ color choices also mimic those of the natural world. Even so, graffiti tend to have larger color gamuts due to the availability of a new generation of synthetic pigments, resulting in a greater freedom in color choice. A complementary analysis of graffiti from other countries supports the global generalization of these findings. By sharing their color structures with those of paintings, graffiti contribute to bringing art to the cities.

scholarly journals Using Persistence Spectrum for Realistic Exposure Assessment to Time Varying Radiofrequency Signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Annamaria Sârbu ◽  
Simona Miclăuş ◽  
Paul Bechet ◽  
Iulian Bouleanu
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Time Spectrum ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
New Generation

Abstract In this article we propose the use of the persistence spectrum to accurately assess the user’s exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by new generation of communication terminals. Persistent display view available within a Real Time Spectrum Analyzer (RTSA) enables a graphical observation of the main statistical parameters of a signal. A simple case study of exposure assessment was conducted by measuring the electric field strength in the close proximity of a mobile phone operated in a LTE-Advanced mobile communication network. The proposed measurement procedure is presented and then applied to a limited number of operating situations (VoIP, Video streaming, File upload, File download). We made use of the persistence spectrum capabilities to directly access the signal strength statistics in time. By this procedure we demonstrate a supplementary facility that enables direct visual tracing of exposure dynamics during real time usage of a specific mobile application.

scholarly journals Diversity Beyond Demographics: Environmental Worldviews of Forestry and Natural Resource Undergraduate Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sativa Cruz ◽  
Chelsea Batavia ◽  
Ana Spalding ◽  
Ivan Arismendi ◽  
Michael Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Natural World ◽  
State University ◽  
Ethical Beliefs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Environmental Worldviews ◽  
New Generation

In U.S. academic institutions, efforts often concentrate on enhancing the recruitment of students from underrepresented groups, focusing on gender and/or race. Yet, non-demographic forms of diversity have received little attention, such as environmental worldviews, i.e., differences in the metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical beliefs that define how humans view, value, and interact with the natural world. Here, we develop an exploratory measure of environmental worldview diversity among undergraduate students enrolled in natural resource related programs. We tested our procedure at Oregon State University, a large public land-grant university in the US. Many students reported metaphysical, epistemological, and/or ethical beliefs that deviate from what has been philosophically characterized as the dominant western worldview of natural resources (anthropocentric, dualistic, hierarchical, utilitarian, mechanistic). Our results suggest that, although forestry students’ environmental worldviews are in some ways more closely aligned with the dominant western worldview than other students in natural resources, generally their worldviews reflect long-term generational shifts away from a strict resource-commodity value orientation, as documented in past research. Our findings highlight the importance of considering environmental worldviews as a dimension of diversity within the new generation natural resource students. Future efforts toward understanding these levels of difference can be important assets in designing programs which appeal to wide variety of students; ultimately helping efforts to recruit and retain a diverse of aspiring natural resource professionals.

scholarly journals Anomalous trichromats' judgments of surface color in natural scenes under different daylights

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 629-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
RIGMOR C. BARAAS ◽  
DAVID H. FOSTER ◽  
KINJIRO AMANO ◽  
SÉRGIO M.C. NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Color Constancy ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Surface Color ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Spectral Coverage ◽  
Color Monitor ◽  
Standard Color

Deuteranomalous trichromacy, which affects medium-wavelength-sensitive cones, is more common than protanomalous trichromacy, which affects long-wavelength-sensitive cones. The aim of the present work was to test the extent to which these two kinds of anomalous trichromacy affect surface-color judgments in the natural world. Simulations of 18 natural scenes under different daylight illuminants were presented on a high-resolution color monitor to 7 deuteranomalous, 7 protanomalous, and 12 normal trichromatic observers, who had to discriminate between reflectance and illuminant changes in the images. Observers' ability to judge surface color was quantified by a standard color-constancy index. Deuteranomalous trichromats performed as well as normal trichromats, but protanomalous trichromats performed more poorly than both. The results are considered in relation to the spectral coverage of cones, rod intrusion, and the characterization of anomalous trichromacy by the Rayleigh match.

scholarly journals The politics of the street: Street art, public writing and the history of political contest in Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Trumper
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Political History ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Public Writing ◽  
Protest Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

This commentary focuses on the politics of public space in democracy and dictatorship. It delves into what Peter Winn calls the revolution ‘from below’ from the perspective of urban conflict, suggesting a political history that attends to urban and visual culture as a crucial arena of political practice. It suggests that the often-conflictive battle over public spaces was, and continues to be, a mechanism by which an unprecedented range of citizens entered into an ongoing debate over the boundaries of citizenship, practice, politics and that this practice was adapted, transformed and reimagined over the last five decades. The struggle over streets and walls continues to be central to Chilean political history, and urban space remains a field of ongoing contest and debate: the estallido of social unrest in contemporary Chile connected a new generation of activists to this longer history of creative politics of protest and protest art and gave them the opportunity to articulate new forms of intersectional political thought in public space, even in the face of state-sponsored violence. Studying these forms of unrest reveals that theirs is an incisive, intersectional critique of the limits of the ‘transition to democracy’, of neoliberal democracies and of the legacies of dictatorship.

SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT AND CLASSIFICATION IN THE ERA OF BIG DATA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Webler ◽  
M. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Data Compression ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Multichannel Filter ◽  
Filter Array ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Imaging Sensors

The measurement and classification of light is essential across many scientific disciplines. Devices used to measure light range from the highly precise scanning spectroradiometers to the more practical compact multichannel filter-array type imaging sensors and the ubiquitous RGB pixel. While there have been numerous successful efforts to reconstruct spectrum from RGB, RGB-to-spectrum reconstruction has historically been limited to natural scenes and other edge cases under strict constraints. However, information theory and recent advances in deep learning have shed new light on the vast amount of redundancy contained within data collected in the natural world, including light. In this paper, we will investigate how analytic methods can help map high dimensional spectra data to a low-dimensional feature space with minimal inductive bias. Through a better understanding of the intrinsic dimension of the data, we can use the features expressed in this representation to exploit regularities and make tasks like data compression, measurement and classification more efficient. The aim of this analysis is to help inform how and when low-dimensional representation of spectra is useful in practice for designing compact sensors as well as for lossy data compression and robust classification.

scholarly journals Integrated Thinking, Integrated Learning: Changing Our Ways for Changing Global Realities

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
Hélène Perrault
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
New Generation ◽  
To Receive

The author strongly believes the complexity of our natural world and current societal issues cannot be addressed without interdisciplinary insights that can emerge only if formal education is allowed to go beyond the traditional silos of knowledge and practice. She describes how the Quebec Education Program, started 10 years ago, is based on competencies and integrated learning, thus transcending the boundaries between subjects. She discusses how Education Faculties have adapted to align teacher education with the current educational reform. Finally, she questions whether universities will be ready to receive this new generation of "transdisciplinary thinkers" who will soon be at their doors.

Aesthetic Experience in Everyday Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Silvia ◽  
Katherine N. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Aesthetic Experiences ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Facial Beauty ◽  
Everyday Aesthetics ◽  
Concert Halls ◽  
Inner World

Most aesthetic experiences happen in everyday environments, far from majestic concert halls and museums. This chapter surveys the major lines of research that explore aesthetic experience in mundane “real-world” spaces. We review research on people’s aesthetic experience of (a) other people, especially facial beauty, adornment, and body modification; (b) natural scenes, such as green and blue spaces; (c) the built environment, such as buildings, interior spaces, and urban street art; (d) the near environment of touchable surfaces and objects; (e) music; and (f) the inner world of imagined sounds, images, and stories. The growing study of everyday aesthetics is not a distinct domain of research but rather a perspective on aesthetics that is more intrigued by common, mundane experiences than those that are culturally marked as artistic.

scholarly journals Decorrelation of retinal response to natural scenes by fixational eye movements

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 3110-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Yonit Segal ◽  
Chen Giladi ◽  
Michael Gedalin ◽  
Michele Rucci ◽  
Mor Ben-Tov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Fixational Eye Movements ◽  
Spatiotemporal Signal

Under natural viewing conditions the input to the retina is a complex spatiotemporal signal that depends on both the scene and the way the observer moves. It is commonly assumed that the retina processes this input signal efficiently by taking into account the statistics of the natural world. It has recently been argued that incessant microscopic eye movements contribute to this process by decorrelating the input to the retina. Here we tested this theory by measuring the responses of the salamander retina to stimuli replicating the natural input signals experienced by the retina in the presence and absence of fixational eye movements. Contrary to the predictions of classic theories of efficient encoding that do not take behavior into account, we show that the response characteristics of retinal ganglion cells are not sufficient in themselves to disrupt the broad correlations of natural scenes. Specifically, retinal ganglion cells exhibited strong and extensive spatial correlations in the absence of fixational eye movements. However, the levels of correlation in the neural responses dropped in the presence of fixational eye movements, resulting in effective decorrelation of the channels streaming information to the brain. These observations confirm the predictions that microscopic eye movements act to reduce correlations in retinal responses and contribute to visual information processing.

scholarly journals Asymmetric ON-OFF processing of visual motion cancels variability induced by the structure of natural scenes

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juyue Chen ◽  
Holly B Mandel ◽  
James E Fitzgerald ◽  
Damon A Clark
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Motion Perception ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Motion Computation ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Maximum Entropy Distributions

Animals detect motion using a variety of visual cues that reflect regularities in the natural world. Experiments in animals across phyla have shown that motion percepts incorporate both pairwise and triplet spatiotemporal correlations that could theoretically benefit motion computation. However, it remains unclear how visual systems assemble these cues to build accurate motion estimates. Here, we used systematic behavioral measurements of fruit fly motion perception to show how flies combine local pairwise and triplet correlations to reduce variability in motion estimates across natural scenes. By generating synthetic images with statistics controlled by maximum entropy distributions, we show that the triplet correlations are useful only when images have light-dark asymmetries that mimic natural ones. This suggests that asymmetric ON-OFF processing is tuned to the particular statistics of natural scenes. Since all animals encounter the world’s light-dark asymmetries, many visual systems are likely to use asymmetric ON-OFF processing to improve motion estimation.

The number of discernible colors perceived by dichromats in natural scenes and the effects of colored lenses

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO M.M. LINHARES ◽  
PAULO D. PINTO ◽  
SÉRGIO M.C. NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Spectral Radiance ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Spectral Transmittance ◽  
Cielab Color Space ◽  
Cielab Color

The number of discernible colors perceived by normal trichromats when viewing natural scenes can be estimated by analyzing idealized color volumes or hyperspectral data obtained from actual scenes. The purpose of the present work was to estimate the relative impairment in chromatic diversity experienced by dichromats when viewing natural scenes and to investigate the effects of colored lenses. The estimates were obtained computationally from the analysis of hyperspectral images of natural scenes and using a quantitative model of dichromats' vision. The color volume corresponding to each scene was represented in CIELAB color space and segmented into cubes of unitary side. For normal trichromats, the number of discernible colors was estimated by counting the number of non-empty cubes. For dichromats, an algorithm simulating for normal observers the appearance of the scenes for dichromats was used, and the number of discernible colors was then counted as for normal trichromats. The effects of colored lenses were estimated by prior filtering the spectral radiance from the scenes with the spectral transmittance function of the lenses. It was found that in dichromatic vision the number of discernible colors was about 7% of normal trichromatic vision. With some colored lenses considerable improvements in chromatic diversity were obtained for trichromats; for dichromats, however, only modest improvements could be obtained with efficiency levels dependent on the combination of scene, lens and type of deficiency.

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