scholarly journals Outdoor Target Positioning Using Wii Remote IR Camera and Signal Modulation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2163
Author(s):  
Michael Lin ◽  
Kooktae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Signal Modulation ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Obvious Reason ◽  
Capability Of Detection ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Ir Light

This paper investigates the use of the Wii remote IR (infrared) camera for outdoor target positioning. The Wii remote IR camera is widely used in various applications because of its capability of detection of up to four IR light sources with a fast frame rate (100 Hz) and a relatively low price. However, previous applications are limited to indoor uses due to the obvious reason of sunlight interference for outdoor applications. In this paper, a signal modulation technique is introduced, which enables the IR camera to look for a particular pattern encoded in an IR beacon. In this way, the IR camera can distinguish the IR beacon from the sunlight interference. The irradiance of the sunlight reflection is also analyzed to guarantee that the IR camera can detect the IR beacon even under extremely sunny weather conditions. As the Wii remote IR camera sensor is overloaded under an extremely bright condition that blocks the camera to see any light sources, we propose the use of a filter to dim the camera. Experimental results for outdoor tests are provided to validate the proposed methods.

Body temperature of horses spending time in paddocks in various weather conditions during the summer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
Iwona Janczarek ◽  
Elżbieta Wnuk - Pawlak ◽  
Anna Wiśniewska ◽  
Dominika Dziuban ◽  
Martyna Frątczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Thermal Imagers ◽  
Sunny Weather

The aim of the study was to determine the internal and surface temperature of selected body parts of horses during their stay in paddocks in various weather conditions in the summer. The study was conducted on 10 adult thoroughbred mares. The experiment was carried out on horses spending time in the paddock in four eight-hour stages with differing weather conditions in summer (sunny, cloudy, rainy and windy). Measurements of internal temperature (Veterinär SC 12 veterinary thermometer) and surface temperature of the head, rib area and croup (Thermal Imagers Ti9 FLUKE infrared camera and SmartView 4.1 software) were carried out at rest and again after four and eight hours in the paddock. It was concluded that the time horses spend in the paddock in summer should depend on weather conditions. Many hours spent outside the stable during sunny weather accompanied by high air temperature can contribute to overheating. On the other hand, rain and wind can cause hypothermia. Therefore, it is worth considering leaving horses in the stable or limiting their stay in the paddock to no more than four hours.

Characterization of Fouled Flat Sheet Membranes by Infrared Thermography

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennethrex O. Ndukaife ◽  
George Agbai Nnanna
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Feed Solution ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Measure Surface Temperature

An Infrared thermography (IRT) technique for characterization of fouling on membrane surface has been developed. The emitted spectral power from the fouled membrane is a function of emissivity and surface morphology. In this work, a FLIR A320 IR camera was used to measure surface temperature and emissivity. The surface temperature and the corresponding emissivity value of various areas on the fouled membrane surface is measured by the infrared camera and recorded alongside its thermogram. Different fouling experiments were performed using different concentrations of aluminum oxide nanoparticle mixed with deionized water as feed solution (333 ppm, 1833 ppm and 3333 ppm) so as to investigate the effect of feed concentration on the degree of fouling and thus its effect on the emissivity values measured on the membrane surfaces. Surface plots in 3D and Line plots are obtained for the measured emissivity values and thickness of the fouling deposit on the membrane surface respectively. The results indicate that the IRT technique is sensitive to changes that occur on the membrane surface due to deposition of contaminants on the membrane surface and that emissivity is a function of temperature, surface roughness and thickness of the specimen under investigation.

SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF INTER-AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION TO ENSURE FLYING IN FORMATION USING A TECHNICAL VISION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Д.А. Смирнов ◽  
В.Г. Бондарев ◽  
А.В. Николенко
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Infrared Range ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Aircraft Structure ◽  
Aircraft Navigation ◽  
Technical Vision

Проведен краткий анализ как отечественных, так и зарубежных систем межсамолетной навигации. В ходе анализа были отражены недостатки систем межсамолетной навигации и представлен актуальный подход повышения точности системы навигации за счет применения системы технического зрения. Для определения местоположения ведущего самолета предлагается рассмотреть в качестве измерительного комплекса систему технического зрения, которая способна решать большой круг задач на различных этапах, в частности, и полет строем. Систему технического зрения предлагается установить на ведомом самолете с целью измерения всех параметров, необходимых для формирования автоматического управления полетом летательного аппарата. Обработка изображений ведущего самолета выполняется с целью определения координат трех идентичных точек на фоточувствительных матрицах. Причем в качестве этих точек выбираются оптически контрастные элементы конструкции летательного аппарата, например окончания крыла, хвостового оперения и т.д. Для упрощения процедуры обработки изображений возможно использование полупроводниковых источников света в инфракрасном диапазоне (например, с длиной волны λ = 1,54 мкм), что позволяет работать даже в сложных метеоусловиях. Такой подход может быть использован при автоматизации полета строем более чем двух летательных аппаратов, при этом необходимо только оборудовать системой технического зрения все ведомые самолеты группы The article provides a brief analysis of both domestic and foreign inter-aircraft navigation systems. In the course of the analysis, we found the shortcomings of inter-aircraft navigation systems and presented an up-to-date approach to improving the accuracy of the navigation system through the use of a technical vision system. To determine the location of the leading aircraft, we proposed to consider a technical vision system as a measuring complex, which is able to solve a large range of tasks at various stages, in particular, flight in formation. We proposed to install the technical vision system on the slave aircraft in order to measure all the parameters necessary for the formation of automatic flight control of the aircraft. We performed an image processing of the leading aircraft to determine the coordinates of three identical points on photosensitive matrices. Moreover, we selected optically contrasting elements of the aircraft structure as these points, for example, the end of the wing, tail, etc. To simplify the image processing procedure, it is possible to use semiconductor light sources in the infrared range (for example, with a wavelength of λ = 1.54 microns), which allows us to work even in difficult weather conditions. This approach can be used when automating a flight in formation of more than two aircraft, while it is only necessary to equip all the guided aircraft of the group with a technical vision system

scholarly journals Implementasi Data Mining Untuk Menentukan Pola Penyebab Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Di Wilayah Kota Palembang Menggunakan Algoritma FP-Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Fathan Pangestu ◽  
Andri Andri
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Minimum Support ◽  
City Area ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
The City ◽  
Confidence Value

Palembang City is one of the big cities in Indonesia. Along with the increasing population and the increasing number of motorized vehicles, it will certainly have an impact on the increasing number of traffic accidents in the city of Palembang. In this study, the writer will determine the pattern of traffic accidents by using the fp-growth algorithm and using various variables. The variables that will be used consist of weather, time of incident, road geometry, profession, level of injury. This research is expected to be a reference for the police to be able to take anticipatory measures in order to reduce the number of traffic accidents in the Palembang City area. The fp-growth algorithm can be applied properly to determine the pattern of the causes of traffic accidents in the city of Palembang by using 2 minimum support of 40% and 50% and 2 minimum confidence of 70% and 90%. Based on the resulting rules, there are rules with the highest confidence value of 98% with these rules: When an accident occurs with a Side-Side accident type, the accident occurs in sunny weather conditions

scholarly journals Manifestation of tip burn on white cabbage hybrids of medium-late and late maturation

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
S. V. Koroleva ◽  
N. B. Shulyak
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
High Degree

Relevance. The most complex and common physiological disease on the cabbage is a tip burn, associated with impaired Ca2 + transport inside the plant. Of all the ways to control this physiological disease, the most effective is the cultivation of tolerant hybrids. Material and methods.The aim of the research was to evaluate the mid-late and late ripening F1 hybrids of white cabbage for a tip burn and to determine the degree of hybrids responsiveness to calcium deficiency depending on weather conditions. The studies were carried out at breeding and experimental plot of the vegetable growing department at All-Russian Rice Research Institute in 2017-2019 on drip irrigation. Material - hybrid combinations of ARRRI breeding.Results. The manifestation of a physiological disturbance called “burn of the top of the inner leaves of the cabbage head” or “tip burn” on individual hybrids was observed during all years of cultivation, but to a different degree; The greatest damage to the heads was recorded in the years (2017 and 2019) with high productivity, which is due to the intensive assimilation ability against the background of warm sunny weather. In 2019, the manifestation of burns was noted in 25% of hybrids, which allowed them to be divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of damage and the spread of the disease.It was established that hybrids with overmature standing for 2.5-3 weeks and also hybrids that were promptly removed at the time of mass technical ripeness had a high degree of damage. The lines that are most often found in hybrid combinations with signs of burns (269-824, Agr1321, 269Jas13, Byum112, Yas25, etc.) were identified, but it is rather difficult to assume the nature of inheritance, and, therefore, to develop the principle of pair selection when developing relatively stable hybrids also not yet possible.

Analysis of the Influence of Transient State of the Overhead Pipeline Placed in an Open-Air Space on the Accuracy of its Insulation Assessment Based on the Results of Outer Shell Thermovision Diagnostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kruczek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Measurement Results

Abstract The proper thermal diagnostics of pipeline insulation is an important problem. The heat losses from the pipelines depend distinctly on the quality of this insulation. Changes in weather conditions cause transient accumulation of energy in the pipeline insulation and may cause difficulties during evaluation of the quality of the pipeline thermal insulation. Generally, the goal of this investigation was to identify the scale of energy accumulation inside thermal insulation. This is important because during the calculation of heat losses from thermal pipelines on the basis of infrared camera temperature measurement results usually a steady thermal state inside the insulation is assumed. In order to determine the distributions of the temperature inside the insulation, the calculations of the temperature changes inside the pipeline insulation for real changeable meteorological conditions with the use of software ansys-fluent and others have been carried out. Both the heat transfer between the inner pipeline tube and outer pipeline shell and energy accumulation inside the pipeline elements were considered. For the pipeline insulation evaluation purpose, different coefficients for the analysis of energy accumulation scale were defined and used. The measurement results of the temperature of inner pipeline tube and outer pipeline shell gathered during the operation of the special experimental rig were used as input data for the aforementioned numerical simulations. In these calculations, they constituted the first (Dirichlet's) boundary condition. The conclusions resulting from this work are useful for specialists involved in the technical evaluation of the thermal protection features of pipelines.

scholarly journals Estimation of Vertical Jump Height Using Nintendo Wii Remote IR Camera

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Bhanupol Klongratog ◽  
Warit Pengto ◽  
Todsaporn Wornkert ◽  
Anupong Srongprapa
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Vertical Leap

In this article, we proposed to measure the heights of countermovement jumps which are recorded in term of vertical leap by using the Wii Remote infrared camera. According to the physical principles, positions of the movement were detected based on the rules regarding conservation of energy, motion under gravity, and coordinate system. The obtained results were compared with that of the slow-motion measurements. The experiment involved 30 basketball players whose jump results were slightly deviated from the vertical measurement of the coordinate system. Therefore, the results should be calibrated each time the new system is installed.

scholarly journals Estabilidade osmótica dos fluídos celômicos de um pepino do mar (Holothuria grisea) e de uma estrela-do-mar (Asterina stellifera) (Echinodermata) expostos ao ar durante a maré baixa: um estudo de campo

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
DENILTON VIDOLIN ◽  
IVONETE A. SANTOS GOUVEA ◽  
CAROLINA A. FREIRE
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Coelomic Fluid ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Water Influx ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Wall Permeability ◽  
Water Gain

Animais de entre-marés podem ser expostos ao ar durante a maré baixa, por pelo menos 1-2 horas. Os animais expostos ao ar são susceptíveis a perda de sal e/ou entrada de água durante chuva intensa, ou perda de água pela ação de dessecação do sol. A osmolalidade de amostras de fluido celômico obtidas do pepino-do-mar Holothuria grisea e da estrela-do-mar Asterina stellifera expostas ao ar, ou de animais controles imersos na água do mar adjacente foi determinada. As amostras foram obtidas imediatamente após a exposição ao ar, e novamente após uma hora de exposição ao ar, durante a maré baixa no campo, em tempo nublado, chuvoso, ou ensolarado, na Praia rochosa do Quilombo, Penha, Sul do Brasil. Uma hora de exposição a qualquer das condições climáticas indicadas não alterou a osmolalidade dos fluidos celômicos. Houve pequena redução nas osmolalidades dos fluidos celômicos durante a exposição ao ar com precipitação de chuva. Sugere-se que estes equinodermas possam imediatamente detectar sua exposição ao ar, e possam então reduzir a permeabilidade osmótica de sua parede do corpo, para evitar perda de água para o ar ou entrada de água/saída de sal durante a chuva. ABSTRACT Intertidal animals can be exposed to the air during low tide, for at least 1-2 hours. Animals exposed to the air are subject to salt loss (or water gain) from heavy rains or volume loss from the desiccating action of the sun. Coelomic fluid samples obtained from the sea-cucumber Holothuria grisea and the starfish Asterina stellifera exposed to the air or from control animals submerged in surrounding sea water have been assayed for osmolality. Samples were obtained right after air exposure and again after 1 hour of exposure to the air during low tide in the field, either under cloudy, rainy or sunny weather conditions, in the rocky beach of Quilombo, Penha, Southern Brazil. One hour of exposure to any of the conditions did not change coelomic fluid osmolalities. There was a slight reduction in coelomic fluid osmolalities upon air exposure during rainfall. It is suggested that these echinoderms can somehow immediately detect air exposure and reduce their body wall permeability to avoid water loss or water influx/salt loss during rainfall. RÉSUMÉ Animaux d’entre-marées peuvent êtres exposés a l’air libre pendant le reflux de la marée, pour environ une ou deux heures seulement. Ces animaux, quand exposés a l’air libre, sont susceptibles de perdre du sel et d’absorber de l’eau pendant une période de pluie intense. Par contre, ils peuvent perdre de l’eau si soumis a l’action de dessèchement due a une éxposition au soleil. On a réussi a determiner l’osmolalité d’échantillons du fluide celomique obtenus du Pépin-de-mer Holothuria grisea et de l’Étoile-de-mer Asterina stellifera exposés a l’air libre, e d’animaux-controles immergés dans l’eau de mer voisin. Les échantillons ont été obtenus tout de suite après l’exposition à l’air et, une seconde fois, après une heure d’exposition à l’air libre, pendant la durée de la marée basse, soit sous la pluie, soit au soleil ou soit sous un ciel ombrageux, à la plage rocailleuse de Quilombo, Penha, au sud du Brésil. Une heure d’éxposition à n’importe quelles conditions climatiques indiquées, n’ont pas pu altérer l’osmolalité des fluides celomiques, ce que sugère la conclusion que ces échinodermes peuvent détecter immédiatement sa exposition à l’air libre et peuvent tout de suite réduire la permeabilité osmotique de la membrane que recouvre son corps pour éviter perdre d’eau et, de la même façon, reduire l’absortion de l’eau pendant la pluie. On a observé une petite réduction de fluides celomiques pendant l’exposition a l’air, avec ocurrence de pluie.

Light-assisted drying (LAD) of small volume biologics: a comparison of two IR light sources

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison A. Young ◽  
Matthew Van Vorst ◽  
Gloria D. Elliott ◽  
Susan R. Trammell
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Ir Light

scholarly journals Preliminary observations of flight activity of Trichoptera in the southern Cape, South Africa

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
FERDINAND C. DE MOOR ◽  
W. GEOFF McILLERON
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Flight Activity ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
A Site ◽  
Activity Information

In a study on flight activity it was observed that Trichoptera were attracted to a superactinic or UV light at a site along the lower Groot River near Nature’s Valley in the Western Cape, South Africa. The frequency of insects passing selected fixed points in space was recorded photographically, after dusk, on 44 days between October 2011 and May 2012. All digital images of insects were identified to species, where possible, and abundance of species over selected time periods was determined. Water and air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, wind direction and speed were continuously recorded during each recording event. Total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity, pH, the percentage of cloud cover, rain at the time of the survey, and rainfall prior to the survey, were all recorded. The dominant species during all surveys, Athripsodes bergensis Scott, revealed a modal peak of flight activity around 50 minutes after sunset which was strongly influenced by climatic variation. The presence of egg masses carried by females was observed from the middle of November through March, with the highest percentage of females with egg masses found from late November to early December. Other species of Trichoptera that were recorded flying appeared later after sunset than did A. bergensis. Statistically the most important factor influencing flight activity was the time in minutes after sunset. Clear, cloudless conditions resulted in reduced flight activity. Information on flight activity can be used to determine the optimum weather conditions and times for collecting Trichoptera when using light sources.

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