scholarly journals Development of a 3D Anthropomorphic Phantom Generator for Microwave Imaging Applications of the Head and Neck Region

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Ana Catarina Pelicano ◽  
Raquel C. Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Body Regions

The development of 3D anthropomorphic head and neck phantoms is of crucial and timely importance to explore novel imaging techniques, such as radar-based MicroWave Imaging (MWI), which have the potential to accurately diagnose Cervical Lymph Nodes (CLNs) in a neoadjuvant and non-invasive manner. We are motivated by a significant diagnostic blind-spot regarding mass screening of LNs in the case of head and neck cancer. The timely detection and selective removal of metastatic CLNs will prevent tumor cells from entering the lymphatic and blood systems and metastasizing to other body regions. The present paper describes the developed phantom generator which allows the anthropomorphic modelling of the main biological tissues of the cervical region, including CLNs, as well as their dielectric properties, for a frequency range from 1 to 10 GHz, based on Magnetic Resonance images. The resulting phantoms of varying complexity are well-suited to contribute to all stages of the development of a radar-based MWI device capable of detecting CLNs. Simpler models are essential since complexity could hinder the initial development stages of MWI devices. Besides, the diversity of anthropomorphic phantoms resulting from the developed phantom generator can be explored in other scientific contexts and may be useful to other medical imaging modalities.

scholarly journals Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Region – A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Vandana P Thorawade ◽  
S A Jaiswal ◽  
Seema Ramlakhan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Variable Nature

Introduction  Tuberculosis can involve any organ or site. Otorhinolaryngologist may encounter tuberculosis affecting lymph nodes, ear, larynx, deep neck spaces, salivary glands etc. which can mimic other chronic granulomatous conditions or malignancy. To ensure early diagnosis, it is important to recognize its cardinal signs and symptoms and to be aware of potential pitfalls in diagnosis. This study was done to learn the clinical presentation of tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region, and to assess the effectiveness of various investigations and treatment done for the same. Materials and Methods  A retrospective study done in our institution involving 120 patients suffering from tuberculosis in ear, nose, throat and head and neck region who attended pulmonary medicine or ENT OPD or ward between January 2008 to December 2017 that is, 10 years. Study period for data collection and analysis was 1 month. Results Total 120 patients-69 males and 51 females. Most common site was cervical lymph nodes(77.5% patients), followed by larynx(8.3%),middle ear(7.5%),deep neck spaces(2.5%) and salivary glands and nose(1.7% each). Histopathology was highly sensitive(99. 1%).All except one patient responded to first-line antitubercular drugs, the other patient was given treatment for MDR-TB to which he responded. Conclusion Tuberculosis can involve any site in the head and neck region, most common being cervical lymph nodes mainly presenting as neck swelling. Variable nature of manifestations of tuberculosis makes it essential to have high degree of suspicion for early diagnosis.

scholarly journals Grisel’s Syndrome: A Rare Complication following Adenotonsillectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Bucak ◽  
Sahin Ulu ◽  
Abdullah Aycicek ◽  
Emre Kacar ◽  
Murat Cem Miman
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Grisel’S Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Or History

Grisel’s syndrome is a nontraumatic atlantoaxial subluxation which is usually secondary of an infection or an inflammation at the head and neck region. It can be observed after surgery of head and neck region. Etiopathogenesis has not been clearly described yet, but increased looseness of paraspinal ligament is thought to be responsible. Patients typically present with painful torticollis. Diagnosis of Grisel’s syndrome is largely based on suspicion of the patient who has recently underwent surgery or history of infection in head and neck region. Physical examination and imaging techniques assist in diagnosis. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of acute nontraumatic torticollis after recently applied the head and neck surgery or undergone upper respiratory tract infection. In this paper, a case of an eight-year-old male patient who had Grisel’s syndrome after adenotonsillectomy is discussed with review of the literature.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PRIMARY EXTRANODAL NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA: A RECORD BASE STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Common Group

INTRODUCTION: Lesions in head and neck have always been a diagnostic dilemma for a pathologist and a treating clinician. Being on the exposed part of body, they become cosmetically unacceptable. These include lesions arising from the regional group of lymph nodes. Most commonly lymphadenopathy is a common clinical presentation. The diagnostic probability ranges from infections to developmental abnormalities, from inflammatory to malignant lesions. None the less all the lesions in lymph nodes of the head and neck region cannot be limited to a particular age group and gender. Routine staining procedures like PAP, Giemsa, Field and even H & E has been used to clinch the pathogenesis of the lesion. It can be said without any fear of contradiction that FNAC is certainly a very important tool for an early diagnosis of not only head and neck lesions but also other lesions elsewhere in the body. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a comparative study which was conducted in the department of pathology. The patients were subjected to detailed history and thorough clinical examination according to the working proforma. Patients were subjected to FNAC after written informed concent. The slides were stained using PAP, Giemsa and H&E stain and examined for underlying pathology. A detailed gross examination was done and 3-15 sections were selected from the representative areas for routine paraffin sections.  RESULTS: Amongst the total of 296 patients aspirated, 127 were from Lymph Nodes of head and neck region. Cervicallymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Age wise tabulation shows maximum frequency of inflammatory lesions at younger age, of  which reactive hyperplasia was more common in pediatric age group and tuberculous lesions were more common in 20-40years of age. CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph nodes were the most common group of lymph nodes aspirated, followed by submandibular and submental lymph nodes. Reactive lymphadenitis is the most frequent diagnosis amongst the lymph node lesions and tuberculous lesions was the second most common diagnosis amongst all the lymph node lesions. 35 cases out of 127, as tuberculous lymphadenitis. Histopathology correlation could be done in 36 cases, of which 32 were found be correctly diagnosed in cytology.

scholarly journals Clinical Study of Extrapulmonary Head and Neck Tuberculosis: A Single-Institute 10-year Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Oishi ◽  
Sachimi Okamoto ◽  
Yuichi Teranishi ◽  
Chieko Yokota ◽  
Sakurako Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Development Site ◽  
Clinical Records

Introduction Although the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Japan has been decreasing yearly, Japan remains ranked as an intermediate-burden country for TB. Objective This study aims to investigate the current situation of head and neck extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) diagnosed in our department. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 47 patients diagnosed with EPTB in the head and neck in our department between January 2005 and December 2014. The extracted data included sex and age distribution, development site, chief complaint, presence or absence of concomitant active pulmonary TB (PTB) or history of TB, tuberculin skin test (TST) results, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) results, and duration from the first visit to the final diagnosis of EPTB. Results The subjects consisted of 20 men and 27 women, and age ranged from 6 to 84 years. The most common site was the cervical lymph nodes (30 patients), with the supraclavicular nodes being the most commonly affected (60%). Histopathological examination was performed on 28 patients. TST was positive in 9 out of 9 patients and the IGRA was positive in 18 out of 19 patients. We observed concomitant PTB in 15 out of the 47 patients. Mean duration from the first visit to the final diagnosis of EPTB was 56 days. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of TB, especially those in the head and neck region, are varied. Otolaryngologists should be especially aware of the extrapulmonary manifestations of TB to ensure early diagnosis and treatment from the public health viewpoint.

scholarly journals Cervical Tuberculosis Combined With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lateral Neck Metastasis

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110005
Author(s):  
Hui-Yu Lin ◽  
Hao-Chun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Neck Metastasis

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the head and neck region accounts for 10% of all tuberculosis cases. Cervical lymph nodes are the most common sites of head and neck tuberculosis and often mimics neck metastasis leading to overstaging and overtreatment. Fine needle aspiration has proven effective in diagnosing cervical tuberculosis. If a diagnosis of tuberculosis is confirmed, then the first-line treatment is oral antituberculosis medication.

scholarly journals Imaging Features of Postradiotherapy Changes in Head and Neck Cancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisha Gehani ◽  
Saugata Sen ◽  
Sanjoy Chatterjee ◽  
Sumit Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Recurrent Tumor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Pictorial Essay ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging

AbstractRadiation therapy is the mainstay in the treatment of head and neck cancers, in addition to surgery and chemotherapy. Expected radiotherapy changes evolving over time may be confused with recurrent tumor. Conversely, even residual or recurrent tumor in the setting of postradiotherapy changes may be difficult to identify clinically or even by radiological imaging. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with the temporal evolution of these changes. The purpose of this pictorial essay is thus to illustrate distinctly the expected radiotherapy changes and radiotherapy-related complications in the head and neck region and to differentiate them from tumor recurrence on routine cross-sectional imaging techniques (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Reliability of Ultrasonographic Parameters in Differentiating Benign and Metastatic Cervical Group of Lymph Nodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chintamaneni Raja Lakshmi ◽  
M. Sudhakara Rao ◽  
A. Ravikiran ◽  
Sivan Sathish ◽  
Sujana Mulk Bhavana
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The aim of the current study is to determine the efficacy of ultrasound in differentiating between benign and metastatic group of cervical lymph nodes. The study included forty-five subjects who were divided into three groups with 15 in each, by stratified random sampling method. Group 1 comprised fifteen patients without signs and symptoms of any infection and neoplasms in head and neck region (control group). Group 2 included fifteen patients with signs and symptoms of malignancy in head and neck region. Group 3 consisted of fifteen patients with signs and symptoms of odontogenic infections. “MY LAB-40” ultrasound machine with linear array transducer of 7.5 MHZ frequency was used for detecting cervical lymph nodes following Hajek’s classification. The patients further underwent ultrasound guided FNAC under standard aseptic protocol and samples were subjected to cytopathological evaluation. Chi square analysis and one way ANOVA test were applied to obtain the results. We concluded that ultrasound and USG FNAC can be used accurately to assess the status of lymph nodes. The ultrasonographic features of lymph nodes with round shape, absence of hilar echo, sharp nodal borders, hyperechoic internal echogenicity, and presence of intranodal necrosis were highly suggestive of metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

scholarly journals Extrapulmonary head and neck tuberculosis: 3 year experience at a tertiary care centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486
Author(s):  
Ashok Vivekanand ◽  
Prajwal S. Fernandes ◽  
Nair Tara
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Clinical Presentations

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium group of microbe. Most common manifestation of the disease is pulmonary TB. Involvement of other sites is termed as extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). These extrapulmonary sites are head and neck region, renal system, pleura, central nervous system and bones. This study was to find out the various head and neck manifestations of TB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All head and neck cases of TB diagnosed during the period 2017-2020 were included in the study. Recurrent cases of TB and those patients with primary pulmonary TB focus having head and neck manifestation were excluded from the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>63 patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The disease was found to be more in females (65.07%). The most common EPTB manifestation in head and neck region was the involvement of cervical lymph nodes followed by laryngeal TB. Level II was the most common involved lymph node group. We noted three cases of temporal bone TB and one case of nasal TB.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In regions where the disease is endemic, there can be various atypical clinical presentations. Early diagnosis is of utmost importance in initiation of appropriate treatment.</p>

A clinical review of 128 cases of head and neck tuberculosis presenting over a 10-year period in Bradford, UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Menon ◽  
C Bem ◽  
D Gouldesbrough ◽  
D R Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Retropharyngeal Space ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Aims: To analyse the epidemiology, presentation and diagnosis of head and neck tuberculosis (TB).Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective study of all cases of tuberculosis of the head and neck region occurring in Bradford, UK.Results: Of a total of 1315 cases of TB, 128 presented with head and neck TB (12 per cent of which (15/128) were in children). Cervical lymph nodes were most commonly involved (87 per cent, 111/128), other sites being: salivary glands (five cases); larynx, oral cavity, eyes and ears (two cases each); and skin, thyroid, nasopharynx and retropharyngeal space (one case each). Patients' ethnic origins were Asian (89 per cent, 114/128), Caucasian (10 per cent, 13/128) and African (one case). Only 26 per cent (33/128) had constitutional symptoms, and 20 per cent (25/128) had a coexistent site of TB. Only 39 per cent (40/105) of surgical specimens were sent for culture.Conclusions: Isolated head and neck TB is not uncommon. Atypical presentations render diagnosis challenging, so awareness aids early diagnosis. Mycobacterial cultures should be performed, where possible, for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Imaging Spectrum of Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations of the Head and Neck in Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatraman Bhat ◽  
Paul C Salins ◽  
Varun Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Vascular Lesion ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Vascular Tumors

Vascular lesions of the head and neck region in children constitute an interesting group of lesions that benefit immensely from imaging techniques. Imaging is essential for identification, characterization, and delineation of the extent of lesion and subsequent follow-up. Infantile hemangiomas, which are vascular tumors with a specific evolution pattern, constitute a large majority of these lesions. On the other hand, there are vascular malformations, which are anomalies of the vascular system, consisting of a range of vascular tissues associated with various flow patterns. When diagnosis is clinically evident, imaging should utilize non-radiation techniques and address the issues necessary for management. Timing and interpretation of imaging methods employed in assessing childhood vascular lesion should also take into consideration the natural history so that imaging is performed to address a specific question. This review highlights the typical appearance of a hemangioma and a group of vascular malformations of the head and neck. For descriptive purpose, an attempt has been made to group lesions into specific subsites, with each one having specific clinical significance. Cases included illustrate the spectrum of the disease ranging from classical form in young children to slightly differing manifestations of the disease in adolescents and adults. The illustrations also provide a novel way of presenting image data using volume-rendering techniques of 3D data. Multi-modality team interaction and management strategies of these complex lesions are also emphasized.

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