scholarly journals Communication Aspects of Visible Light Positioning (VLP) Systems Using a Quadrature Angular Diversity Aperture (QADA) Receiver

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. A. Mohammed ◽  
Cuiwei He ◽  
Stefanie Cincotta ◽  
Adrian Neild ◽  
Jean Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Angular Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Visible light positioning (VLP) is a promising indoor localization system in which light emitting diode (LED) luminaires are used as positioning beacons. Data communication is an essential aspect of any VLP system, as each luminaire must transmit information about its own location to the receiver. The quadrature angular diversity aperture (QADA) is a new receiver designed specifically for VLP systems using angle-of-arrival estimation. Previous QADA research has focused only on positioning and assumed error-free communication. In this paper, we investigate, via simulations and experiment, the actual communication characteristics of a VLP system that uses a QADA receiver. We calculate the signal-to-noise ratio and bit-error-rates for a range of scenarios and demonstrate the impact of the dimensions of the receiver. We show that reliable communication is assured in typical operating scenarios, proving that communication will not be a limiting factor when using QADA in VLP systems.

scholarly journals Indoor Visible Light Positioning: Overcoming the Practical Limitations of the Quadrant Angular Diversity Aperture Receiver (QADA) by Using the Two-Stage QADA-Plus Receiver

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Cincotta ◽  
Cuiwei He ◽  
Adrian Neild ◽  
Jean Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Receiver Design ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Angular Diversity ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Imaging Sensors ◽  
The Impact

Visible light positioning (VLP), using LED luminaires as beacons, is a promising solution to the growing demand for accurate indoor positioning. In this paper, we introduce a two-stage receiver that has been specifically designed for VLP. This receiver exploits the advantages of two different VLP receiver types: photodiodes and imaging sensors. In this new receiver design a quadrant angular diversity aperture (QADA) receiver is combined with an off-the-shelf camera to form a robust new receiver called QADA-plus. Results are presented for QADA that show the impact of noise and luminaire geometry on angle of arrival estimation accuracy and positioning accuracy. Detailed discussions highlight other potential sources of error for the QADA receiver and explain how the two-stage QADA-plus can overcome these issues.

scholarly journals Towards Robust Multiple Blind Source Localization Using Source Separation and Beamforming

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 532
Author(s):  
Henglin Pu ◽  
Chao Cai ◽  
Menglan Hu ◽  
Tianping Deng ◽  
Rong Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Localization ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Weighting Function ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Source Separation ◽  
Sound Source Localization ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Localization Algorithms

Multiple blind sound source localization is the key technology for a myriad of applications such as robotic navigation and indoor localization. However, existing solutions can only locate a few sound sources simultaneously due to the limitation imposed by the number of microphones in an array. To this end, this paper proposes a novel multiple blind sound source localization algorithms using Source seParation and BeamForming (SPBF). Our algorithm overcomes the limitations of existing solutions and can locate more blind sources than the number of microphones in an array. Specifically, we propose a novel microphone layout, enabling salient multiple source separation while still preserving their arrival time information. After then, we perform source localization via beamforming using each demixed source. Such a design allows minimizing mutual interference from different sound sources, thereby enabling finer AoA estimation. To further enhance localization performance, we design a new spectral weighting function that can enhance the signal-to-noise-ratio, allowing a relatively narrow beam and thus finer angle of arrival estimation. Simulation experiments under typical indoor situations demonstrate a maximum of only 4∘ even under up to 14 sources.

scholarly journals Performance of Vehicular Visible Light Communications under the Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence with Aperture Averaging

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2751
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Eso ◽  
Zabih Ghassemlooy ◽  
Stanislav Zvanovec ◽  
Juna Sathian ◽  
Mojtaba Mansour Abadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Incoherent Light ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Aperture Averaging ◽  
Induced Signal

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a vehicular visible light communications (VVLC) link with a non-collimated and incoherent light source (a light-emitting diode) as the transmitter (Tx), and two different optical receiver (Rx) types (a camera and photodiode (PD)) under atmospheric turbulence (AT) conditions with aperture averaging (AA). First, we present simulation results indicating performance improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) under AT with AA with increasing size of the optical concentrator. Experimental investigations demonstrate the potency of AA in mitigating the induced signal fading due to the weak to moderate AT regimes in a VVLC system. The experimental results obtained with AA show that the link’s performance was stable in terms of the average SNR and the peak SNR for the PD and camera-based Rx links, respectively with <1 dB SNR penalty for both Rxs, as the strength of AT increases compared with the link with no AT.

scholarly journals A Full-Duplex LED-to-LED Visible Light Communication System

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Hyunwoo Jung ◽  
Sung-Man Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Half Duplex

We experimentally demonstrated full-duplex light-emitting diode (LED)-to-LED visible light communication (VLC) using LEDs as the transmitter and receiver. Firstly, we investigated the performance dependency on the wavelengths of the LED transmitter and receiver by measuring the rise time and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Through the investigation, we were able to choose the optimal LED color set for LED-to-LED VLC using Shannon’s channel capacity law. The bit error rate (BER) results of full-duplex and half-duplex LED-to-LED VLC systems with the optimal LED sets are shown to compare the performance. Furthermore, we discuss major distortions and signal losses in the full-duplex LED-to-LED VLC system.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of optical attocells configuration in an indoor visible light communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. M. Gismalla ◽  
M.F. L. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Configuration Model ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Small Base

Visible light communication VLC is deemed as futuristic technology applied for both illumination and data communication due to the low-cost energy consumption, long life expectancy, huge bandwidth, and high security compared to radio frequency RF. Uncovered area, minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and received power results from the non-uniform distribution of small base stations (i.e. Optical attocells) in the room. In this paper, the researchers propose a new LEDs distribution of five optical attocells configuration model in order to optimize the received power distribution and SNR at the center of the room for indoor VLC system. The optical attocells configuration in terms of received power to fill the uncovered area at the center of the room has been investigated. The simulation results showed that the proposed attocells configuration saved 24.9% of the transmitted power. Besides that, the whole room was covered uniformly.  As a result, the received power and SNR are improved.

scholarly journals Error Analysis on Indoor Localization with Visible Light Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Jun Yan ◽  
Bingcheng Zhu ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Jingbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Smart Phone ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Indoor Scenarios

Affected by the complexity of the indoor environment, accurate indoor positioning is challenging in many localization based services (LBS). Recently, it has been recognized that, visible light communication (VLC) is promising for indoor navigation and positioning, due to the low implementation cost with marginal modification to the existing infrastructure and the possibility to achieve high accurate positioning results. Provided that the positions of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) are known to the receiver, the angle of arrival (AOA) of the light signal is able to be estimated by a camera embedded in a smart phone, and thus the position of the smart phone can be derived based on the triangulation. In this paper, the performance of the positioning accuracy is analyzed based on indoor positioning with VLC, and the analytical upper bound of location error is derived. Extensive simulation results have verified the theoretical analysis on the VLC-based localization approach in different indoor scenarios. In order to obtain better location performance, the principles of choosing reference LED and localization LED are also given.

scholarly journals Designing of an Indoor Visible Light Communication Transceiver for Data Transmission using White LED

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Duyen Trung ◽  
Do Trong Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Environment Experiment

Abstract: In this paper, a prototype of full-duplex indoor  Visible  Light  Communication  (VLC) transceiver  is  designed  to  demonstrate  an  optical wireless  system  based  on  Universal  Serial  Bus (USB) port for data transmissions using white Light Emitting  Diode  (LED).  Based  on  VLC  technology, the  designed  system  consists  of  transmitters  and receivers can achieve data rate of 161.2 Kbps error free at the distance of 92 cm between two computers for  real-time  text  and  image  transmission  over indoor  environment.  Experiment  results  show  that for text transmission, symbol error rate (SER) does not  vary  data  rate  at  some  transmission  distances, whereas  for  image  transmission,  minimum  square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) indicate  that  the  received  image  and  transmitted image were almost similar.

scholarly journals Visible Light Communication Survey

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Eszter Udvary
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Increasing Demand

Communication applying visible light technology is a novel approach. Visible Light Communication (VLC) development is motivated by the increasing demand for wireless communication technologies. It has the potential to provide highspeed data communication with good security and improved energy efficiency. The rapid evolution of VLC was sustained by the LEDs performances. The Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) luminaires are capable of switching to the different light intensity at a fast rate. This function can be used for data transmission. This article focuses on the physical layer of the VLC links. It reviews the technology, the topology of the proposed connection, and the benefits of this approach. The main research trends are identified emphasizing state of the art in this area. It shows how VLC technology evolved and what are the performances achieved at this time. Various structures of the transmitter and receiver are studied, and different modulation schemes are investigated. Finally, numerous applications of VLC technology are presented.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Zadoff-Chu Matrix Precoding for Visible Light Communication System with OFDM Modulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xinyue Guo ◽  
Yang Guo ◽  
Shuangshuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Visible Light Communication ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Ofdm Modulation

Light-emitting diode- (LED-) based visible light communication (VLC) has become a potential candidate for next generation high-speed indoor wireless communication. Due to the limited modulation bandwidth of the LED, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is particularly preferred in the VLC system to overcome the ISI, which suffers from the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and leads to severe performance loss. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel Zadoff-Chu matrix (ZCM) precoding scheme, which can not only reduce the PAPR, but also provide uniform signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) profile. The theoretical analysis and simulation show that the proposed scheme achieves better PAPR performance compared with the traditional precoding schemes. The experimental demonstration further validates the bit error rate (BER) performance improvement, where the measured BERs are all below the 7% pre-forward error correction (pre-FEC) limit of 3.8 × 10−3 when the transmitted data rate is 50 Mb/s.

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