scholarly journals Support Mobile Fog Computing Test in piFogBedII

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1900
Author(s):  
Qiaozhi Xu ◽  
Junxing Zhang ◽  
Bulganmaa Togookhuu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
And Migration ◽  
New Research

IoT and 5G technologies are making smart devices, medical devices, cameras and various types of sensors become parts of the Internet, which provides feasibility to the realization of infrastructure and services such as smart homes, smart cities, smart medical technology and smart transportation. Fog computing (edge computing) is a new research field and can accelerate the analysis speed and decision-making for these delay-sensitive applications. It is very important to test functions and performances of various applications and services before they are deployed to the production environment, and current evaluations are more based on various simulation tools; however, the fidelity of the experimental results is a problem for most of network simulation tools. PiFogBed is a fog computing testbed built with real devices, but it does not support the testing of mobile end devices and mobile fog applications. The paper proposes the piFogBedII to support the testing of mobile fog applications by modifying some components in the piFogBed, such as extending the range of end devices, adding the mobile and migration management strategy and inserting a container agent to implement the transparent transmission between end devices and containers. The evaluation results show that it is effective and the delay resulting from the migration strategy and container agent is acceptable.

A replication and migration strategy on the hierarchical architecture in the fog computing environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Ahmed Berkennou ◽  
Ghalem Belalem ◽  
Said Limam
Keyword(s):  
Fog Computing ◽  
Hierarchical Architecture ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Replication Strategy ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Network Usage ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Do So

Connecting objects have increasingly become popular in recent years, leading to the connection of more than 50 billion objects by the end of 2020. This large number of objects will generate a huge amount of data that is currently being processed and stored in the cloud. Fog Computing presents a promising solution to the problems of high latency and huge network traffic encountered in the cloud. As Fog’s infrastructures are dense, heterogeneous and geo-distributed, managing the data in order to satisfy users demand in such context is very complicated. In this work, we propose a data management strategy called ‘RMS-HaFC’ in which we consider the characteristics of Fog Computing environment. To do so, we proposed a hierarchical multi-layer model, on which we designed a migration and replication strategy based on data popularity. These strategies duplicate files dynamically and store them in different locations to improve the response time of users requests and minimize the system energy consumption without loading network usage. The strategy was evaluated using the iFogSim simulator and the experimental results obtained are very promising.

scholarly journals Fog Computing Approach for Shared Mobility in Smart Cities

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8174
Author(s):  
Raafat Aburukba ◽  
A. R. Al-Ali ◽  
Ahmed H. Riaz ◽  
Ahmad Al Nabulsi ◽  
Danayal Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Shared Mobility

Smart transportation a smart city application where traditional individual models are transforming to shared and distributed ownership. These models are used to serve commuters for inter- and intra-city travel. However, short-range urban transportation services within campuses, residential compounds, and public parks are not explored to their full capacity compared to the distributed vehicle model. This paper aims to explore and design an adequate framework for battery-operated shared mobility within a large community for short-range travel. This work identifies the characteristics of the shared mobility for battery-operated vehicles and accordingly proposes an adequate solution that deals with real-time data collection, tracking, and automated decisions. Furthermore, given the requirement for real-time decisions with low latency for critical requests, the paper deploys the proposed framework within the 3-tier computing model, namely edge, fog, and cloud tiers. The solution design considers the power consumption requirement at the edge by offloading the computational requests to the fog tier and utilizing the LoRaWAN communication technology. A prototype implementation is presented to validate the proposed framework for a university campus using e-bikes. The results show the scalability of the proposed design and the achievement of low latency for requests that require real-time decisions.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Reliability of Cellular Internet of Things through Agreement

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7699
Author(s):  
Shin-Hung Pan ◽  
Shu-Ching Wang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Smart Healthcare ◽  
Wide Range

Because the Internet of Things (IoT) can provide a global service network through various smart devices, the IoT has been widely used in smart transportation, smart cities, smart healthcare, and factory automation through the Internet connection. With the large-scale establishment and 5G (fifth generation) wireless networks, the cellular Internet of Things (CIoT) will continue to be developed and applied to a wide range of applications. In order to provide a reliable application of CIoT, a safe and reliable network topology MECIoT is proposed in this study. To improve the reliability and fault-tolerant capability of the network proposed, the problem of reaching agreement should be revisited. Therefore, the applications in the system can still be performed correctly even if some processing units (PUs) in the system have failed. In this study, a new protocol is proposed to allow all normal PUs in MECIoT to reach an agreement with the minimum amount of data exchanges required and the maximum number of failed PUs allowed in MECIoT. In the end, the optimality of the protocol has been proven by mathematical method.

scholarly journals A Survey on Blockchain and Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.</p>

scholarly journals Threats and Corrective Measures for IoT Security with Observance of Cybercrime: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Sita Rani ◽  
Aman Kataria ◽  
Vishal Sharma ◽  
Smarajit Ghosh ◽  
Vinod Karar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Iot Security ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Corrective Measures

Internet of Things (IoT) is the utmost assuring framework to facilitate human life with quality and comfort. IoT has contributed significantly to numerous application areas. The stormy expansion of smart devices and their credence for data transfer using wireless mechanics boost their susceptibility to cyberattacks. Consequently, the cybercrime rate is increasing day by day. Hence, the study of IoT security threats and possible corrective measures can benefit researchers in identifying appropriate solutions to deal with various challenges in cybercrime investigation. IoT forensics plays a vital role in cybercrime investigations. This review paper presents an overview of the IoT framework consisting of IoT architecture, protocols, and technologies. Various security issues at each layer and corrective measures are also discussed in detail. This paper also presents the role of IoT forensics in cybercrime investigation in various domains like smart homes, smart cities, automated vehicles, and healthcare. The role of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing, and blockchain technology in cybercrime investigation is also discussed. Lastly, various open research challenges in IoT to assist cybercrime investigation are explained to provide a new direction for further research.

scholarly journals Fog computing scheduling algorithm for smart city

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Ahmad Mohammad Alsmadi ◽  
Roba Mahmoud Ali Aloglah ◽  
Nisrein Jamal sanad Abu-darwish ◽  
Ahmad Al Smadi ◽  
Muneerah Alshabanah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Fast Transmission

With the advent of the number of smart devices across the globe, increasing the number of users using the Internet. The main aim of the fog computing (FC) paradigm is to connect huge number of smart objects (billions of object) that can make a bright future for smart cities. Due to the large deployments of smart devices, devices are expected to generate huge amounts of data and forward the data through the Internet. FC also refers to an edge computing framework that mitigates the issue by applying the process of knowledge discovery using a data analysis approach to the edges. Thus, the FC approaches can work together with the internet of things (IoT) world, which can build a sustainable infrastructure for smart cities. In this paper, we propose a scheduling algorithm namely the weighted round-robin (WRR) scheduling algorithm to execute the task from one fog node (FN) to another fog node to the cloud. Firstly, a fog simulator is used with the emergent concept of FC to design IoT infrastructure for smart cities. Then, spanning-tree routing (STP) protocol is used for data collection and routing. Further, 5G networks are proposed to establish fast transmission and communication between users. Finally, the performance of our proposed system is evaluated in terms of response time, latency, and amount of data used.

Analysis of Internet of Things Based on Characteristics, Functionalities, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
Ganesh Khekare ◽  
Pushpneel Verma ◽  
Urvashi Dhanre ◽  
Seema Raut ◽  
Ganesh Yenurkar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Internet Availability ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The internet of things (IoT) is transpiring technology. In the last decade, demand of IoT has been increased due to various things like the use of smart devices; increased demand for voice-based services; the concept of smart cities has been evolved; more requirements of processed data in fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning; fog computing, deep learning, etc. IoT is expected to reach the milestone of 30 billion IoT units at the end of the year 2020. Internet of things is the network of statutory things like houses, private companies, automobiles, and various objects integrated with sensors, actuators, software, electronic equipment, and internet availability that provides the facility to devices to interchange their data. The main contribution of this article is to provide state of art about the characteristics, functionalities, and challenges of the internet of things and the journey of IoT right from start to how it will make an impact on people's quality of life throughout the world in the near future.

scholarly journals Blockchain and Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<p>In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.</p>

scholarly journals Blockchain and Internet of Things: A Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanweer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Internet Of Things

In the age of next-generation computer, the role of the cloud, the internet and smart devices will become stronger. These days we all know the word smart well. This word is often used in our daily lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) will generate a variety of information from a variety of resources. It can store big data in the cloud. Fog computing acts as a signal between cloud and IoT. Fog extensions in this framework apply to material under IoT. IoT devices are called Fog nodes, which can be accessed anywhere within the network range. A blockchain is a novel way of recording in a secure sequence. Creating a new framework in the development of Internet of Things is one of the critical problems of wireless communication where solving such a problem can lead to continued growth in the use and popularity of IoT. Proposed research creates a framework for providing a framework for middleware on the internet of smart devices network for the internet of things using blockchains technology. Our great offering connects new research that integrates blockchains into the Internet of Things and provides secure Internet connection for smart devices. Blockchain (BC) Internet of Things (IoT) is a new technology that works with low-level, distributed, public and real-time leaders to maintain transactions between IoT sites. A blockchain is a series of blocks, each block being linked to its previous blocks. All blocks have cryptographic hash code, previous block hash, and its data. Transactions in BC are the basic components used to transfer data between IoT nodes. IoT nodes are a variety of portable but smart devices with embedded sensors, actuators, systems and the ability to communicate with other IoT nodes. The role of BC in IoT is to provide a process for processing secure data records using IoT nodes. BC is a protected technology that can be used publicly and openly. IoT requires this type of technology to allow secure communication between IoT nodes in different environments. Events in BC can be tracked and monitored by anyone who is certified to communicate within IoT.

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