scholarly journals Frequency-Coded Chipless RFID Tags: Notch Model, Detection, Angular Orientation, and Coverage Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
Maher Khaliel ◽  
Abdelfattah Fawky ◽  
Ahmed El-Awamry ◽  
Thomas Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

This paper focuses on the frequency coded chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wherein the tag’s information bits are physically encoded by the resonators’ notch position which has an effect on the frequency spectrum of the backscattered or retransmitted signal of the tag. In this regard, the notch analytical model is developed to consider the notch position and quality factor. Besides, the radar cross section (RCS) mathematical representation of the tag is introduced to consider the incident wave’s polarization and orientation angles. Hence, the influences of the incident wave’s orientation and polarization mismatches on the detection performance are quantified. After that, the tag measurement errors and limitations are comprehensively explained. Therefore, approaches to measureing RCS- and retransmission-based tags are introduced. Furthermore, the maximum reading range is theoretically calculated and practically verified considering the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ultra Wideband (UWB) regulations. In all simulations and experiments conducted, a mono-static configuration is considered, in which one antenna is utilized for transmission and reception.

scholarly journals Chipless RFID tags and sensors: a review on time-domain techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Forouzandeh ◽  
Nemai Chandra Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

In the past few years Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)has grown to be one of the most popular technologies in the area of identification systems. Following a brief survey of RFID systems, this paper provides a technical review of work undertaken in the field of time-domain chipless RFID tags and sensors. This paper aims not only to address the chipless tags which use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) concept for data encoding but also for the use of Ultra-Wideband Impulse-Radar (UWB-IR) as a time-domain measurement technique. The penultimate section intends to focus on time-domain reading setups and finally, a brief comparison between this method and other chipless techniques is provided.

scholarly journals Influence of Mutual Coupling on Stability of RCS Response in Chipless RFID

Technologies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Machac ◽  
Amine Boussada ◽  
Milan Svanda ◽  
Jaroslav Havlicek ◽  
Milan Polivka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Position ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Domain Performance ◽  
Amplitude Level

The paper investigates the influence of mutual coupling between individual scatterings of chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags based on its frequency-domain performance using a simplified equivalent circuit model. The proposed steady state analysis predicts a fast and satisfactory amplitude level and frequency position of resonant peaks of a predicted radar cross section (RCS) response. The proposed approach is capable of pre-evaluating a suitability of the particular scattered topology for implementing in chipless RFID tags. It is demonstrated on two different geometries.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Chipless RFID Tags: Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740
Author(s):  
Sergio Terranova ◽  
Filippo Costa ◽  
Giuliano Manara ◽  
Simone Genovesi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Promising Solution

A new class of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, namely the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chipless RFID one, is proposed, and their performance is assessed. These tags can be realized by low-cost materials, inexpensive manufacturing processes and can be mounted on metallic surfaces. The tag consists of a solid dielectric cylinder, which externally appears as homogeneous. However, the information is hidden in the inner structure of the object, where voids are created to encrypt information in the object. The proposed chipless tag represents a promising solution for anti-counterfeiting or security applications, since it avoids an unwanted eavesdropping during the reading process or information retrieval from a visual inspection that may affect other chipless systems. The adopted data-encoding algorithm does not rely on On–Off or amplitude schemes that are commonly adopted in the chipless RFID implementations but it is based on the maximization of available states or the maximization of non-overlapping regions of uncertainty. The performance of such class of chipless RFID tags are finally assessed by measurements on real prototypes.

scholarly journals Four-State Coupled-Line Resonator for Chipless RFID Tags Application

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazie M. Abdulkawi ◽  
Abdel-Fattah A. Sheta
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Microstrip Resonator ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel quad-state coupled-line microstrip resonator is proposed for compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed resonator can be reconfigured to present one of four possible states: 00, 01, 10, and 11, representing, no resonance, resonance at f2, resonance at f1, and resonance at both f1 and f2, respectively. The frequency span between f2 and f1 can be easily controlled, thereby reducing the required spectrum. Moreover, the proposed technique allows the storage of a large amount of data in a compact size to reduce the cost per bit. A multi-resonator prototype consisting of six resonators is designed, analyzed, and experimentally characterized. This prototype is implemented on the RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, and thickness of 0.79 mm. The designed configuration can be reconfigured for 46 codes. Two complete the RFID tags, including the six resonators and two orthogonally polarized transmitting and receiving antennas, are implemented and tested. The first tag code is designed for all ones, 111111111111, and the second tag is designed as 101010101010 code. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation.

Investigation on the chipless RFID tag with a UWB pulse using a UWB IR-based reader

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Triangular Patch ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Domains ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Working Principle

Abstract In order to encrypt/encode data based on the magnitude level of the radar cross-section (RCS), we propose an approach with a precise estimation considering the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) dedicated for chipless tags depolarization. The working principle is based on the polarization mismatch between the tag and the reader antenna to control the magnitude of the backscatter, which allows a reliable detection in real environments. We introduce in this paper a new 4-bit chipless RFID tag with an enhanced RCS, based on a triangular patch antenna with multiple resonators. Additionally, we propose an ultra-wideband impulse radar (UWB-IR)-based reader that interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and the received backscatter was studied in both time- and frequency-domains. The antenna was operating from 4.7 to 6.1 GHz, a band allocated for RFID systems. The obtained experimental measurement results in the environment of anechoic chamber were exceptionally relevant to validate the simulation results.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Chipless RFID Tags Based on Periodically Loaded Microstrip Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4679-4684
Author(s):  
M. Added ◽  
K. Rabaani ◽  
S. Chabaan ◽  
N. Boulejfen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Microstrip Structure

A compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based on slow-wave technology is introduced in this paper. The tag consists of a resonant circuit based on open stub resonators periodically loaded by shunt stubs allowing a coding capacity of 9 bits and operating in a frequency range from 2 to 4GHz. The receiving and transmitting antennas of the tag are particularly designed to minimize the tag size as much as possible. The proposed tag presents a robust bit pattern with a compact and fully printable structure using FR4 substrate for a low-cost tag.

scholarly journals Frequency-Spectra-Based High Coding Capacity Chipless RFID Using an UWB-IR Approach

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Kawther Mekki ◽  
Omrane Necibi ◽  
Hugo Dinis ◽  
Paulo Mendes ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Antenna Mode ◽  
Structural Mode

A novel methodology is proposed to reliably predict the resonant characteristics of a multipatch backscatter-based radio frequency identification (RFID) chipless tag. An ultra-wideband impulsion radio (UWB-IR)-based reader interrogates the chipless tag with a UWB pulse, and analyzes the obtained backscatter in the time domain. The RFID system consists of a radar cross-section (RCS)-based chipless tag containing a square microstrip patch antenna array in which the chipless tag is interrogated with a UWB pulse by an UWB-IR-based reader. The main components of the backscattered signal, the structural mode, and the antenna mode were identified and their spectral quality was evaluated. The study revealed that the antenna-mode backscatter includes signal carrying information, while the structural mode backscatter does not include any tag information. The simulation findings were confirmed by experimental measurements obtained in an anechoic chamber environment using a 6-bit multipatch chipless RFID tag. Finally, the novel technique does not use calibration tags and can freely orient tags with respect to the reader.

scholarly journals A Review of Chipless Remote Sensing Solutions Based on RFID Technology

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mc Gee ◽  
Anandarajah ◽  
Collins
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Remote Sensing Applications ◽  
Design Characteristics

Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been used in a variety of remote sensing applications and is currently a hot research topic. To date, there have been a large number of chipless RFID tags developed in both academia and in industry that boast a large variation in design characteristics. This review paper sets out to discuss the various design aspects needed in a chipless RFID sensor. Such aspects include: (1) Addressing strategies to allow for unique identification of the tag, (2) Sensing mechanisms used to allow for impedance-based response signal modulation and (3) Sensing materials to introduce the desired impedance change when under the influence of the target stimulus. From the tabular comparison of the various sensing and addressing techniques, it is concluded that although many sensors provide adequate performance characteristics, more work is needed to ensure that this technology is capable/robust enough to operate in many of the applications it has been earmarked for.

scholarly journals Long reading range for the frequency coded Chipless RFID system based on reflectarray antennas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maher Khaliel ◽  
Ahmed El-Awamry ◽  
Abdelfattah Fawky ◽  
Thomas Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Pencil Beam ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Beam Characteristics

AbstractThis work proposes the utilization of a high gain and pencil beam reflectarray (RA) antenna at the reader of the frequency coded (FC) chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) system to minimize the environmental reflections and increase the reading range. Moreover, the reader antenna should operate over ultra wideband (UWB) range of frequencies to accommodate multiple bits. However, the conventional antenna arrays cannot operate over UWB range of frequencies with high gain and pencil beam characteristics. Therefore, a novel UWB RA antenna dedicated to the chipless RFID reader is developed. The developed RA antenna operates over UWB range of frequencies from 4 to 6GHzto fulfill the requirements of the FC chipless RFID system. Therefore, the antenna is successfully integrated with the FC chipless RFID tags, and a reading range of 1mis achieved.

scholarly journals Plus Shaped Chipless RFID Tag

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Vinay Ganesh Bhagure ◽  
Somdotta Roy Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Radio Frequency Waves

Chip-less radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is capable for detecting, identification, and chasing for the future Internet of Things (IoT) systems and applications. The chipless RFID technology gives us the impression as a rising substitute of the traditional RFID tags and barcodes by encoding data from tags employing the radio frequency waves. The paper presents the design as well as simulation of chip-less Plus shaped RFID tags. The structure is composed of Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 by means of a substrate having the physical dimensions 40mm x 40mm over which eight resonators are placed. This tag is compact, and the resonators are closely placed. The tag is designed using Ansys Electronics Desktop.

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