scholarly journals Embedded Bio-Mimetic System for Functional Electrical Stimulation Controlled by Event-Driven sEMG

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rossi ◽  
Paolo Motto Ros ◽  
Ricardo Maximiliano Rosales ◽  
Danilo Demarchi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Semg Signal ◽  
Event Driven

The analysis of the surface ElectroMyoGraphic (sEMG) signal for controlling the Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) therapy is being widely accepted as an active rehabilitation technique for the restoration of neuro-muscular disorders. Portability and real-time functionalities are major concerns, and, among others, two correlated challenges are the development of an embedded system and the implementation of lightweight signal processing approaches. In this respect, the event-driven nature of the Average Threshold Crossing (ATC) technique, considering its high correlation with the muscle force and the sparsity of its representation, could be an optimal solution. In this paper we present an embedded ATC-FES control system equipped with a multi-platform software featuring an easy-to-use Graphical User Interface (GUI). The system has been first characterized and validated by analyzing CPU and memory usage in different operating conditions, as well as measuring the system latency (fulfilling the real-time requirements with a 140 ms FES definition process). We also confirmed system effectiveness, testing it on 11 healthy subjects: The similarity between the voluntary movement and the stimulate one has been evaluated, computing the cross-correlation coefficient between the angular signals acquired during the limbs motion. We obtained high correlation values of 0.87 ± 0.07 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for the elbow flexion and knee extension exercises, respectively, proving good stimulation application in real therapy-scenarios.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation ofReal-time Electrical Stimulation Artifact Suppression based on STM32

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
Sangsoo Park, Hojun Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Floating Point ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage

A biosignal is used as a control signal for electrical stimulation to restore weakened muscle function due to damage to the central nervous system. In patients with central nervous system damage, sufficient muscle contraction does not occur spontaneously. In this case, applying electrical stimulation can cause normal muscle contraction. However, it is necessary to remove the electrical stimulation artifact caused by the electrical stimulation. This paper describes a system design that removes electrical stimulation artifact in real time using a Cortex-M4-based STM32F processor. The STM32F is a very advantageous MCU for such DSPs, especially because it has a built-in floating point operator. Using STM32F's various high-performance peripherals (12-bit parallel ADC and 12-bit DAC, UART, Timer), an optimized embedded system was implemented.In this paper, the simulated and real-time results were compared and evaluated with the designed fir filter. In addition, the performance of the filter was evaluated through frequency analysis. As a result, it was verified that a high-performance 32-bit STM32F with floating point calculator and various peripherals is suitable for real-time signal processing

scholarly journals Efficacy of EMG/bioimpedance-triggered functional electrical stimulation on swallowing performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Schultheiss ◽  
Thomas Schauer ◽  
Holger Nahrstaedt ◽  
Rainer O. Seidl ◽  
Jehoschua Bieler
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Normal Swallowing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Bioimpedance Measurement ◽  
Four Electrodes

In order to support swallowing, the efficacy of functional electrical stimulation for different stimulation settings of the submental musculature has been investigated. The stimulation was administrated at rest and synchronously to voluntary initiated swallows. The onset of a swallow was detected in real-time by a combined electromyography/ bioimpedance measurement at the neck in order to trigger the stimulation. The amplitude and speed of larynx elevation caused by the FES has been assessed by the observed change in bioimpedance whereas a reduction of bioimpedance corresponds to an increase in larynx elevation. Study results from 40 healthy subjects revealed that 73% of the subjects achieved a larger and faster larynx elevation during swallowing with triggered FES and therefor a better protection of their airways. However, we also observed a decrease in larynx elevation compared to normal swallowing in 11 out of the 40 subjects what might not benefit from such a treatment. The largest improvement of larynx elevation and speed during swallowing could be achieved with three stimulation channels formed by four electrodes in the submental region.

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