scholarly journals Application of Ag/AgCl Sensor for Chloride Monitoring of Mortar under Dry-Wet Cycles

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Tian ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Kaiyue Zhao ◽  
Zhenxing Du ◽  
Tiejun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structure ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Mortar Specimen ◽  
Cycle Condition ◽  
Corrosion Sensor

An Ag/AgCl electrode used as a corrosion sensor in a reinforced concrete structure is considered as having good application prospect. However, its performance under complex conditions, such as dry-wet cycle condition, is not affirmed. In the current study, the performance of Ag/AgCl as chloride selective electrode in mortar exposed to dry-wet cycle condition was investigated. A simple Ag/AgCl electrode was prepared and fabricated by electrochemical anodization. These Ag/AgCl electrodes were embedded into a mortar specimen with temperature sensors, humidity sensors and anode ladder monitoring system (ALS). After 28 d curing time, the upper surface of mortar specimen was wetted (with 5% NaCl solution) and dried regularly. The obtained results indicate that Ag/AgCl electrode responds to the ingress of chloride ion, sensitively. The chloride ion concentration variation can be reflected by the potential trend. Furthermore, the balance potential of Ag/AgCl electrodes is influenced by dry-wet cycles. Compared with ALS, it demonstrates that Ag/AgCl electrodes are more sensitive to chloride. The research provides the key element for the specific application of Ag/AgCl electrode for corrosion monitoring in the future.

Measurement of Hydrochloric Acid Emission From Burning PVC Compounds

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardy Sze On Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Method Comparison ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Direct Measure ◽  
Selective Electrode ◽  
Scale Method ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Organic Chloride

The development of a novel Micro/TG method for measuring HCl emission from PVC compounds and optimization of operation conditions are described. The main problem with conventional large scale methods is the loss of HCl due to leaks and condensation in the system leading to erroneous results. The Micro/TG method overcomes many of the problems inherent in the large scale method. Comparison with results obtained by the large scale method showed that the total balance of chlorine content determined by the Micro/TG method is closer to the theoretical in all of the formulations tested. Any chlorine in the form of organic-chloride (RCl) will not be detected by the Micro/TG method, a limitation shared by the large scale method. The Micro/TG method offers other advantages such as automation, short experimental time and direct measure ment of chloride ion concentration by ion selective electrode.

A study of a real-time online monitoring system for the durability of concrete structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
Mingming Xiao ◽  
Shilong Zhang ◽  
Yanbing Tang ◽  
Zhongmao Lin ◽  
Jiahong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Content Type ◽  
System Data ◽  
Durability Of Concrete

Purpose This study aims to explore the effect of corrosion monitoring technology for ensuring concrete structure safety. Design/methodology/approach A new monitoring system scheme with unattended operation to evaluate the durability of concrete structures is presented, which includes four components, namely, a multi-function embedded sensor, a microprocessor data collecting module, a system data analysis and storage module, and a remote server module. Findings The system carries out monitoring of chloride ion concentration and pH in concrete, corrosion current density and of the self-corrosion potential of the reinforcing steel bar. Originality/value This system provides real-time, online, lossless monitoring for concrete structures.

scholarly journals Corrosion Sensor Development for Condition-Based Maintenance of Aircraft

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Rinaldi ◽  
Trisha Huber ◽  
Heather McIntosh ◽  
Les Lebrun ◽  
Heping Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Polymer Sensors ◽  
Corrosion Sensor ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf ◽  
Maintenance Schedules

Aircraft routinely operate in atmospheric environments that, over time, will impact their structural integrity. Material protection and selection schemes notwithstanding, recurrent exposure to chlorides, pollution, temperature gradients, and moisture provide the necessary electrochemical conditions for the development and profusion of corrosion in aircraft structures. For aircraft operators, this becomes an important safety matter as corrosion found in a given aircraft must be assumed to be present in all of that type of aircraft. This safety protocol and its associated unscheduled maintenance requirement drive up the operational costs of the fleet and limit the availability of the aircraft. Hence, there is an opportunity at present for developing novel sensing technologies and schemes to aid in shifting time-based maintenance schedules towards condition-based maintenance procedures. In this work, part of the ongoing development of a multiparameter integrated corrosion sensor is presented. It consists of carbon nanotube/polyaniline polymer sensors and commercial-off-the-shelf sensors. It is being developed primarily for monitoring environmental and material factors for the purpose of providing a means to more accurately assess the structural integrity of aerospace aluminium alloys through fusion of multiparameter sensor data. Preliminary experimental test results are presented for chloride ion concentration, hydrogen gas evolution, humidity variations, and material degradation.

Corrosion Behavior of Cu50Zr40Ti10 Metallic Glass in HCl and NaCl

2013 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Wei Ke An ◽  
An Hui Cai ◽  
Guo Jun Zhou ◽  
Yun Luo ◽  
Tie Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Current Densities

The corrosion behavior of Cu50Zr40Ti10 (at. %) in HCl and NaCl solutions was investigated. The corrosion current densities icorr in HCl and NaCl solutions increase with increasing Clconcentration when the Cl- concentration is <0.5 molL-1, then continuously increase in the former and decrease in the latter. The icorr is larger in the latter than in the former when the Clconcentration is <0.5 molL-1, while inversely for in 1 molL-1 Cl- solution. The corrosion potential Ecorr decreases with increasing Cl- concentration in HCl. However, the change of the Ecorr vs. the chloride ion concentration in NaCl solution appears down-up-down.

Studies on the Influence of Chloride Ion Concentration on the Corrosion Behavior of ZSMX Magnesium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Ben-Hamu ◽  
D. Eliezer ◽  
Kwang Seon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Wrought Magnesium Alloy

The paper presented reveals the influence of chloride ion concentration on the corrosion and electrochemical behavior of new ZSMX wrought magnesium alloy in NaCl solution. The experimental techniques used include potentiodynamic polarization tests. The corrosion rate usually increased with the increase in chloride ion concentration. This result can be explained by the distribution of intermetalics.

scholarly journals First Attempts of the Use of 195Pt NMR of Phenylbenzothiazole Complexes as Spectroscopic Technique for the Cancer Diagnosis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna T. L. Pereira ◽  
Mateus A. Gonçalves ◽  
Daiana T. Mancini ◽  
Kamil Kuca ◽  
Teodorico C. Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Implicit Solvent ◽  
Early Cancer Diagnosis

Platinum complexes have been studied for cancer treatment for several decades. Furthermore, another important platinum characteristic is related to its chemical shifts, in which some studies have shown that the 195Pt chemical shifts are very sensitive to the environment, coordination sphere, and oxidation state. Based on this relevant feature, Pt complexes can be proposed as potential probes for NMR spectroscopy, as the chemical shifts values will be different in different tissues (healthy and damaged) Therefore, in this paper, the main goal was to investigate the behavior of Pt chemical shifts in the different environments. Calculations were carried out in vacuum, implicit solvent, and inside the active site of P13K enzyme, which is related with breast cancer, using the density functional theory (DFT) method. Moreover, the investigation of platinum complexes with a selective moiety can contribute to early cancer diagnosis. Accordingly, the Pt complexes selected for this study presented a selective moiety, the 2-(4′aminophenyl)benzothiazole derivative. More specifically, two Pt complexes were used herein: One containing chlorine ligands and one containing water in place of chlorine. Some studies have shown that platinum complexes coordinated to chlorine atoms may suffer hydrolyses inside the cell due to the low chloride ion concentration. Thus, the same calculations were performed for both complexes. The results showed that both complexes presented different chemical shift values in the different proposed environments. Therefore, this paper shows that platinum complexes can be a potential probe in biological systems, and they should be studied not only for cancer treatment, but also for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Broadband dielectric spectroscopy for monitoring temperature-dependent chloride ion motion in BiOCl plates

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radoń ◽  
Dariusz Łukowiec ◽  
Patryk Włodarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Chloride ◽  
Structure Rebuilding

AbstractThe dielectric properties and electrical conduction mechanism of bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) plates synthesized using chloramine-T as the chloride ion source were investigated. Thermally-activated structure rebuilding was monitored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, which showed that the onset temperature of this process was 283 K. This rebuilding was related to the introduction of free chloride ions into [Bi2O2]2+ layers and their growth, which increased the intensity of the (101) diffraction peak. The electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity were related to the movement of chloride ions between plates (in the low-frequency region), the interplanar motion of Cl− ions at higher frequencies, vibrations of these ions, and charge carrier hopping at frequencies above 10 kHz. The influence of the free chloride ion concentration on the electrical conductivity was also described. Structure rebuilding was associated with a lower concentration of free chloride ions, which significantly decreased the conductivity. According to the analysis, the BiOCl plate conductivity was related to the movement of Cl− ions, not electrons.

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