scholarly journals Quantifying Physical Activity in Young Children Using a Three-Dimensional Camera

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Aston K. McCullough ◽  
Melanie Rodriguez ◽  
Carol Ewing Garber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Computer Vision ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Play Session ◽  
3D Camera ◽  
Cart Algorithm

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and validity of using three-dimensional (3D) video data and computer vision to estimate physical activity intensities in young children. Families with children (2–5-years-old) were invited to participate in semi-structured 20-minute play sessions that included a range of indoor play activities. During the play session, children’s physical activity (PA) was recorded using a 3D camera. PA video data were analyzed via direct observation, and 3D PA video data were processed and converted into triaxial PA accelerations using computer vision. PA video data from children (n = 10) were analyzed using direct observation as the ground truth, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under the Curve (AUC) was calculated in order to determine the classification accuracy of a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) algorithm for estimating PA intensity from video data. A CART algorithm accurately estimated the proportion of time that children spent sedentary (AUC = 0.89) in light PA (AUC = 0.87) and moderate-vigorous PA (AUC = 0.92) during the play session, and there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the directly observed and CART-determined proportions of time spent in each activity intensity. A computer vision algorithm and 3D camera can be used to estimate the proportion of time that children spend in all activity intensities indoors.

Physical activity intensity, self-regulation, and school readiness indicators in young children

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler J. Kybartas ◽  
Jennifer F. Oody. ◽  
Jeffrey T. Fairbrother ◽  
R. Sean Durham ◽  
Dawn P. Coe
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity

Direct Observation is a Valid Criterion for Estimating Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Lyden ◽  
Natalia Petruski ◽  
Stephanie Mix ◽  
John Staudenmayer ◽  
Patty Freedson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Criterion Measure ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Valid Criterion

Background:Physical activity and sedentary behavior measurement tools need to be validated in free-living settings. Direct observation (DO) may be an appropriate criterion for these studies. However, it is not known if trained observers can correctly judge the absolute intensity of free-living activities.Purpose:To compare DO estimates of total MET-hours and time in activity intensity categories to a criterion measure from indirect calorimetry (IC).Methods:Fifteen participants were directly observed on three separate days for two hours each day. During this time participants wore an Oxycon Mobile indirect calorimeter and performed any activity of their choice within the reception area of the wireless metabolic equipment. Participants were provided with a desk for sedentary activities (writing, reading, computer use) and had access to exercise equipment (treadmill, bike).Results:DO accurately and precisely estimated MET-hours [% bias (95% CI) = –12.7% (–16.4, –7.3), ICC = 0.98], time in low intensity activity [% bias (95% CI) = 2.1% (1.1, 3.2), ICC = 1.00] and time in moderate to vigorous intensity activity [% bias (95% CI) –4.9% (–7.4, –2.5), ICC = 1.00].Conclusion:This study provides evidence that DO can be used as a criterion measure of absolute intensity in free-living validation studies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Actical equations and thresholds to predict physical activity intensity in young children

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanne Janssen ◽  
Dylan Cliff ◽  
John Reilly ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Rachel Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity

scholarly journals Prediction of Physical Activity Intensity with Accelerometry in Young Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiaki Tanaka ◽  
Yuki Hikihara ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Yoshitake Oshima ◽  
Chiyoko Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Young Children ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Physical Activity Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Ambulatory Activities

Background: An algorithm for the classification of ambulatory and non-ambulatory activities using the ratio of unfiltered to filtered synthetic acceleration measured with a triaxial accelerometer and predictive models for physical activity intensity (METs) in adults and in elementary school children has been developed. The purpose of the present study was to derive predictive equations for METs with a similar algorithm in young children. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy Japanese children (four- to six-years old) participated in this study. The five non-ambulatory activities including low-intensity activities, and five ambulatory activities were selected. The raw accelerations using a triaxial accelerometer and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry using the Douglas bag method during each activity were collected. Results: For non-ambulatory activities, especially light-intensity non-ambulatory activities, linear regression equations with a predetermined intercept (0.9) or quadratic equations were a better fit than the linear regression. The equations were different from those for adults and elementary school children. On the other hand, the ratios of unfiltered to filtered synthetic acceleration in non-ambulatory activities were different from those in ambulatory activities, as in adults and elementary school children. Conclusions: Our calibration model for young children could accurately predict intensity of physical activity including low-intensity non-ambulatory activities.

A New 1000kv Electron Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
J.L. Williams ◽  
K. Heathcote ◽  
E.J. Greer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Conventional Instrument

High Voltage Electron Microscope already offers exciting experimental possibilities to Biologists and Materials Scientists because the increased specimen thickness allows direct observation of three dimensional structure and dynamic experiments on effectively bulk specimens. This microscope is designed to give maximum accessibility and space in the specimen region for the special stages which are required. At the same time it provides an ease of operation similar to a conventional instrument.

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