scholarly journals Vertical Profiles of Pollution Particle Concentrations in the Boundary Layer above Paris (France) from the Optical Aerosol Counter LOAC Onboard a Touristic Balloon

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Renard ◽  
Vincent Michoud ◽  
Jérôme Giacomoni
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Vertical Evolution ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Pollution Events ◽  
Aerosol Counter ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Atmospheric pollution by particulate matter represents a significant health risk and needs continuous monitoring by air quality networks that provide mass concentrations for PM10 and PM2.5 (particles with diameter smaller than 10 μm and 2.5 μm, respectively). We present here a new approach to monitor the urban particles content, using six years of aerosols number concentration measurements for particles in the 0.2−50 μm size range. These measurements are performed by the Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC) instrument onboard the tethered touristic balloon “Ballon de Paris Generali”, in Paris, France. Such measurements have allowed us first to detect at ground a seasonal variability in the particulate matter content, due to the origin of the particles (anthropogenic pollution, pollens), and secondly, to retrieve the mean evolution of particles concentrations with height above ground up to 150 m. Measurements were also conducted up to 300 m above ground during major pollution events. The vertical evolution of concentrations varies from one event to another, depending on the origin of the pollution and on the meteorological conditions. These measurements have shown the interest of performing particle number concentrations measurements for the air pollution monitoring in complement with regulatory mass concentrations measurement, to better evaluate the intensity of the pollution event and to better consider the effect of smallest particles, which are more dangerous for human health.

scholarly journals Using Ultrasound-Treated Washout from Conifer Needles and Fresh Snow Samples in Air Pollution Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
A. Kholodov ◽  
M. Tretyakova ◽  
K. Golokhvast
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Conifer Needles ◽  
Fresh Snow ◽  
Snow Precipitation

Snow precipitation and snowpack are commonly used to assess the condition of the aerial environment. Another way to monitor air quality is to study trees and shrubs, which are natural barriers for capturing air pollution, including atmospheric particulate matter. The hypothesis of the current study was that using fresh snow precipitation and washout from vegetation for the monitoring of air pollution can produce comparable results. In this study, we compared the results of laser diffraction analysis of suspended particular matter in melted fresh snow and ultrasound-treated washout from conifer needles. The samples were collected at several sites in Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation, and analyzed according to the same scheme. We observed that the content of particulate matter with a smaller aerodynamic diameter in the ultrasound-treated washout from conifer needles was higher than that in the melted fresh snow. The content of PM10 in the ultrasound-treated washout from conifers was increased by 6–27% depending on the site, showing greater efficacy of this method. This method can be used as an alternative to the sampling of snow for the monitoring of ambient air pollution, taking into account several limitations.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of High-Level PM 2.5 Exposure on Central Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1349-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Fan ◽  
Shixuan Wang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Dandan Xu ◽  
Jia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Chinese Community ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Central aortic blood pressure (BP) has been increasingly recognized as having a closer relationship with cardiovascular risks than peripheral BP. However, the effects of particulate matter pollution on central aortic BP have not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the association between short-term ambient fine particulate matter (with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; PM 2.5 ) exposure and central aortic BP in a Chinese community-based population. A total of 4715 visits were in our final analysis, including 2151 visits at the baseline and 2564 visits at the follow-up. Central aortic systolic BP (cSBP) was measured noninvasively using the method of radial artery tonometry with Omron HEM-9000AI machine. Data from air pollution monitoring stations were used to estimate daily PM 2.5 exposure. Generalized additive mixed models with clinical and meteorologic covariates adjusted were used to examine the association between PM 2.5 exposure and cSBP. The relationships between PM 2.5 exposure and cSBP were nonlinear, and significant increments of cSBP were observed when the PM 2.5 exposure concentration was above 100 μg/cm 3 . An interquartile range increase (80.25 μg/m 3 ) in daily PM 2.5 on the day of cSBP measurement (lag 0 day) was associated with 2.54 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.92–4.16) elevation in cSBP. The associations of PM 2.5 with cSBP were not modified by age, sex, body mass index, medications, and comorbid diseases except for cardiovascular disease. Our findings demonstrated that short-term exposure to high concentration of ambient PM 2.5 above 100 μg/cm 3 was associated with significant increases in central aortic BP in a Chinese community-based population.

scholarly journals Quantifying population exposure to airborne particulate matter during extreme events in California due to climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 7453-7463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mahmud ◽  
M. Hixson ◽  
M. J. Kleeman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Pollution Events ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. The effect of climate change on population-weighted concentrations of particulate matter (PM) during extreme pollution events was studied using the Parallel Climate Model (PCM), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the UCD/CIT 3-D photochemical air quality model. A "business as usual" (B06.44) global emissions scenario was dynamically downscaled for the entire state of California between the years 2000–2006 and 2047–2053. Air quality simulations were carried out for 1008 days in each of the present-day and future climate conditions using year-2000 emissions. Population-weighted concentrations of PM0.1, PM2.5, and PM10 total mass, components species, and primary source contributions were calculated for California and three air basins: the Sacramento Valley air basin (SV), the San Joaquin Valley air basin (SJV) and the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). Results over annual-average periods were contrasted with extreme events. The current study found that the change in annual-average population-weighted PM2.5 mass concentrations due to climate change between 2000 vs. 2050 within any major sub-region in California was not statistically significant. However, climate change did alter the annual-average composition of the airborne particles in the SoCAB, with notable reductions of elemental carbon (EC; −3%) and organic carbon (OC; −3%) due to increased annual-average wind speeds that diluted primary concentrations from gasoline combustion (−3%) and food cooking (−4%). In contrast, climate change caused significant increases in population-weighted PM2.5 mass concentrations in central California during extreme events. The maximum 24-h average PM2.5 concentration experienced by an average person during a ten-yr period in the SJV increased by 21% due to enhanced production of secondary particulate matter (manifested as NH4NO3). In general, climate change caused increased stagnation during future extreme pollution events, leading to higher exposure to diesel engines particles (+32%) and wood combustion particles (+14%) when averaging across the population of the entire state. Enhanced stagnation also isolated populations from distant sources such as shipping (−61%) during extreme events. The combination of these factors altered the statewide population-averaged composition of particles during extreme events, with EC increasing by 23 %, nitrate increasing by 58%, and sulfate decreasing by 46%.

Small contribution of conventionally-defined formation of secondary particulate matter to severe PM2.5 pollution in today’s northern China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Yao ◽  
Yujiao Zhu ◽  
He Meng
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Severe Event ◽  
Pollution Event ◽  
Pollution Events ◽  
Technical Terms

<p>Benefited from the tightening emissions of air pollutants, a large annual decrease in mixing ratio of SO<sub>2</sub> and a moderate decrease in PM<sub>2.5</sub> can be identified in northern China since 2014. However, a few extreme PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events still occur for sometimes during heating seasons, e.g., the 99th percentile value of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations during the heating season in 2018 had exceeded 200 µg m<sup>-3</sup> therein. One unit of percentile value corresponds to approximately 30 hours. To reveal real causes of these extreme PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution events, we define two technical terms in this study, i.e., 1) secondary particulate species formed in ambient air (conventionally-defined FSPM); 2) formation of secondary particulate matter in the fresh plumes during the initial several minutes (plume-processed FSPM). We also introduce a metric, i.e., PM<sub>2.5</sub>/CO in unit of µg m<sup>-3</sup> / ppm. With these technical terms in mind, we then struggle to dissect real mechanisms causing the severe PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution event in 11-14 January 2019 across norther China. A staircase function of ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub>/CO against PM<sub>2.5</sub> rather than a linear increase or decrease with PM<sub>2.5</sub> generally occurred through the event. However, in general, larger ratios of PM<sub>2.5</sub>/CO were indeed observed with larger concentration of PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Regarding frequently observed invariant ratios accompanying with large variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub>, larger ratios are, however, probably not caused by conventionally-defined FSPM in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. Alternatively, our further multiple-technical analysis results confirm plume-processed FSPM, followed by accumulation under poor meteorological conditions, dominatingly resulting in the severe event. </p>

scholarly journals Concentrations of Traffic Related Pollutants in the Vicinity of Different Types of Urban Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Dusan Jandacka ◽  
Daniela Durcanska ◽  
Dasa Kovalova
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants

Pollution of the air by gases and particulate matter is a problem of everyday life. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the hazardous pollutants causing deterioration of the environment and thus quality of life of the population. Long-term exposure to effects of increased concentrations of gaseous pollutants can also cause deterioration of the environment and human health. Particulate matter and gases production by the road transport is a burning issue, particularly for larger urban areas. Many factors influence the air quality what determines its development and changes. Air pollution monitoring was focused on a possible change in the concentrations of pollutants after the change of the crossroad - three-arm crossroad to the roundabout. The subject of this paper is monitoring particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10) and gases (nitrogen oxides NO, NO2, NOx) in the vicinity of crossroads in the urban area and an evaluation of fraction ratios PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 with regard to construction of crossroad, meteorological conditions and traffic volume. The roundabout has specific construction and routing traffic, what can influence on production and dispersion of traffic related emissions. The obtained results indicate a decrease in particulate matter concentrations at the roundabout over a three-arm crossroad and an increase in nitrogen oxides concentrations at the roundabout compared to the three-arm crossroad. According to the data obtained and analyzed, the PM10 particulate matter concentrations at the roundabout could be reduced by up to 50% over the three-arm crossroad.

scholarly journals Determination of biomass burning tracers in air samples by GC/MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Janoszka
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Molar Mass ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Detector

Levoglucosan (LG) as a main cellulose burning product at 300°C is a biomass burning tracer. LG characterize by relatively high molar mass and it is sorbed by particulate matter. In the study of air pollution monitoring LG is mainly analyzed in particulate matter, PM1 and PM2,5. The tracer create relatively high O-H…O bond and weaker C-H…O bond. Due to the hydrogen bond, LG dissolves very well in water. Analytical procedure of LG determination include: extraction, derivatization and analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector. In water samples levoglucosan is determined by liquid chromatography. The paper presents a methodology for particulate matter samples determination their analysis by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector. Determination of LG content in particulate matter was performed according to an analytical method based on simultaneous pyridine extraction and derivatization using N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and trimethylchlorosilane mixture (BSTFA: TMCS, 99: 1).

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND REVIEW OF VARIOUS AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SCHEMES

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
HASAN MOHD. TAHSEENUL ◽  
CHOURASIA VIJAY S. ◽  
ASUTKAR SANJAY M. ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring

scholarly journals H2020 project CAPTOR dataset: raw data collected by low-cost MOX ozone sensors in a real air pollution monitoring network.

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107127
Author(s):  
Jose M. Barcelo-Ordinas ◽  
Pau Ferrer-Cid ◽  
Jorge Garcia-Vidal ◽  
Mar Viana ◽  
Ana Ripoll
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Air Pollution Monitoring
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