scholarly journals On Field Infrared Thermography Sensing for PV System Efficiency Assessment: Results and Comparison with Electrical Models

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirco Muttillo ◽  
Iole Nardi ◽  
Vincenzo Stornelli ◽  
Tullio de Rubeis ◽  
Giovanni Pasqualoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Efficiency Loss ◽  
Thermal Signature

The evaluation of photovoltaic (PV) system’s efficiency loss, due to the onset of faults that reduce the output power, is crucial. The challenge is to speed up the evaluation of electric efficiency by coupling the electric characterization of panels with information gathered from module diagnosis, amongst which the most commonly employed technique is thermographic inspection. The aim of this work is to correlate panels’ thermal images with their efficiency: a “thermal signature” of panels can be of help in identifying the fault typology and, moreover, for assessing efficiency loss. This allows to identify electrical power output losses without interrupting the PV system operation thanks to an advanced PV thermography characterization. In this paper, 12 faulted working panels were investigated. Their electrical models were implemented in MATLAB environment and developed to retrieve the ideal I-V characteristic (from ratings), the actual (operative) I-V characteristics and electric efficiency. Given the curves shape and relative difference, based on three reference points (namely, open circuit, short circuit, and maximum power points), faults’ typology has been evidenced. Information gathered from infrared thermography imaging, simultaneously carried out on panels during operation, were matched with those from electrical characterization. Panels’ “thermal signature” has been coupled with the “electrical signature”, to obtain an overall depiction of panels’ health status.

scholarly journals Short and open circuit faults study in the PV system inverter

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Mohammed Bouzidi ◽  
Abdelkader Harrouz ◽  
Tadj Mohammed ◽  
Smail Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Types Of Faults

<p>The inverter is the principal part of the photovoltaic (PV) systems that assures the direct current/alternating current (DC/AC) conversion (PV array is connected directly to an inverter that converts the DC energy produced by the PV array into AC energy that is directly connected to the electric utility). In this paper, we present a simple method for detecting faults that occurred during the operation of the inverter. These types of faults or faults affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic system, especially the inverter, which is the main component responsible for the conversion. Hence, we have shown first the faults obtained in the case of the short circuit. Second, the open circuit failure is studied. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method. Good monitoring and detection of faults in the inverter can increase the system's reliability and decrease the undesirable faults that appeared in the PV system. The system behavior is tested under variable parameters and conditions using MATLAB/Simulink.</p>

scholarly journals Power Conversion and Its Efficiency in Thermoelectric Materials

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Feldhoff
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Material ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Pump Mode ◽  
Current Curve

The basic principles of thermoelectrics rely on the coupling of entropy and electric charge. However, the long-standing dispute of energetics versus entropy has long paralysed the field. Herein, it is shown that treating entropy and electric charge in a symmetric manner enables a simple transport equation to be obtained and the power conversion and its efficiency to be deduced for a single thermoelectric material apart from a device. The material’s performance in both generator mode (thermo-electric) and entropy pump mode (electro-thermal) are discussed on a single voltage-electrical current curve, which is presented in a generalized manner by relating it to the electrically open-circuit voltage and the electrically closed-circuited electrical current. The electrical and thermal power in entropy pump mode are related to the maximum electrical power in generator mode, which depends on the material’s power factor. Particular working points on the material’s voltage-electrical current curve are deduced, namely, the electrical open circuit, electrical short circuit, maximum electrical power, maximum power conversion efficiency, and entropy conductivity inversion. Optimizing a thermoelectric material for different working points is discussed with respect to its figure-of-merit z T and power factor. The importance of the results to state-of-the-art and emerging materials is emphasized.

scholarly journals A Monitoring System for Online Fault Detection and Classification in Photovoltaic Plants

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Eugênio Lazzaretti ◽  
Clayton Hilgemberg da Costa ◽  
Marcelo Paludetto Rodrigues ◽  
Guilherme Dan Yamada ◽  
Gilberto Lexinoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Fault Detection And Classification

Photovoltaic (PV) energy use has been increasing recently, mainly due to new policies all over the world to reduce the application of fossil fuels. PV system efficiency is highly dependent on environmental variables, besides being affected by several kinds of faults, which can lead to a severe energy loss throughout the operation of the system. In this sense, we present a Monitoring System (MS) to measure the electrical and environmental variables to produce instantaneous and historical data, allowing to estimate parameters that ar related to the plant efficiency. Additionally, using the same MS, we propose a recursive linear model to detect faults in the system, while using irradiance and temperature on the PV panel as input signals and power as output. The accuracy of the fault detection for a 5 kW power plant used in the test is 93.09%, considering 16 days and around 143 hours of faults in different conditions. Once a fault is detected by this model, a machine-learning-based method classifies each fault in the following cases: short-circuit, open-circuit, partial shadowing, and degradation. Using the same days and faults applied in the detection module, the accuracy of the classification stage is 95.44% for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. By combining detection and classification, the overall accuracy is 92.64%. Such a result represents an original contribution of this work, since other related works do not present the integration of a fault detection and classification approach with an embedded PV plant monitoring system, allowing for the online identification and classification of different PV faults, besides real-time and historical monitoring of electrical and environmental parameters of the plant.

scholarly journals Impedance Spectroscopic Investigation of the Degraded Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell due to Ageing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parth Bhatt ◽  
Kavita Pandey ◽  
Pankaj Yadav ◽  
Brijesh Tripathi ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Conduction Band Edge ◽  
Dye Sensitized

This paper investigates the effect of ageing on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The electrical characterization of fresh and degraded DSCs is done under AM1.5G spectrum and the current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics are analyzed. Short circuit current density (JSC) decreases significantly whereas a noticeable increase in open circuit voltage is observed. These results have been further investigated electroanalytically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). An increase in net resistance results in a lower JSC for the degraded DSC. This decrease in current is mainly due to degradation of TiO2-dye interface, which is observed from light and dark J-V characteristics and is further confirmed by EIS measurements. A reduction in the chemical capacitance of the degraded DSC is observed, which is responsible for the shifting of Fermi level with respect to conduction band edge that further results in an increase of open circuit voltage for the degraded DSC. It is also confirmed from EIS that the degradation leads to a better contact formation between the electrolyte and Pt electrode, which improves the fill factor of the DSC. But the recombination throughout the DSC is found to increase along with degradation. This study suggests that the DSC should be used under low illumination conditions and around room temperature for a longer life.

Output Characteristics Study of V-trough PV Concentration System

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 2077-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui Qiong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Super Cell

A V-trough PV system with polysilicon cell array and super cell array has been constructed and tested. Open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, output power, fill factor and influence of temperature on V-trough PV concentration system have been analyzed. The results indicate that the output power of 10 pieces of polysilicon cell array is 6.198W and it is 1.21 times as that of non-concentration condition. Maximum output power of V-trough PV system with water cooling increase to 8.28W and power increment rate reach 62.67% compared with the non-concentration PV system. For the super cell array with no water cooling, the maximum output power of V-trough PV system varies from 7.834W to 14.223W. The results of this work provide some experimental support to the applications of the V-trough PV system.

scholarly journals Determine the Optimum Efficiency of Transformer Cores Using Comparative Study Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nabeel Zahoor ◽  
Abid Ali Dogar ◽  
Akhtar Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Electrical Power Systems ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Core Losses

The transformer is one of the most discussed and important components of electrical power systems because of its reliability, durability and energy conversion capability. It is also useful in load sharing, which reduces system burden, but is also responsible for a sufficient number of losses, as it is used in different types of electric appliances that require voltage conversion. The no-load losses of transformers have gained much attention from research perspective because of its operating cost throughout its lifetime. Many studies were carried out to achieve the highest possible efficiency, decreasing certain losses by using different methods and materials. However, the local market in Pakistan is far behind in the field of efficient core material manufacturing of transformers, which is why consumers are unable to obtain efficient electric appliances. Due to these loss-making appliances, the overall residential load increases and the consumers are charged with heavy electricity bills. This proposed study discusses core losses, different core comparisons, T/F efficiency and advancement in the core material. To accomplish a core comparison, two locally available core materials are used to fabricate two different T/F, and some tests such as open-circuit and short-circuit tests are performed to discover their losses, thermal degradation, and output efficiencies.

scholarly journals Optimization of Method and Components of Enzymatic Fuel Cells

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Ibukun Akinsola ◽  
Aderemi Babatunde Alabi ◽  
Muibat A Soliu ◽  
Taiye Akomolafe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Biofuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Electrodes

Enzymatic fuel cells produce electrical power by oxidation of renewable energy sources. An enzymatic glucose biofuel cell uses glucose as fuel and enzymes as biocatalyst, to convert biochemical energy into electrical energy. The applications which need low electrical voltages and low currents have much of the interest in developing enzymatic fuel cells. The cell was constructed using three different materials with different electrodes (Bitter leaf and Copper electrodes (BCu), Bitter leaf and Carbon electrodes (BC) and Water leaf and Carbon electrodes (WC)). The short circuit current and open circuit voltage were measured in micro-ampere (mu A) and milli-volt (mV) respectively at 30 minutes interval over the period of 12 hours (from dawn to dusk). The results which show that fuel cells constructed using bitter leaf with carbon electrode has the highest open circuit voltage, short circuit current and generated power of 162.8~mV, 1.65~ mu A and 268.62~nW respectively at 720~mins is obtained from the plots generated by the use of Microsoft Excel. The results show that all short circuit currents, voltages and powers generated increases with time and this is as a result of the exposure to solar radiation during the period of taking the measurement.

scholarly journals A Unified Approach for Analysis of Faults in Different Configurations of PV Arrays and Its Impact on Power Grid

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Gul ◽  
Azhar Ul Haq ◽  
Marium Jalal ◽  
Almas Anjum ◽  
Ihsan Ullah Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Fault Analysis ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Multiple Faults ◽  
The Impact

Fault analysis in photovoltaic (PV) arrays is considered important for improving the safety and efficiency of a PV system. Faults do not only reduce efficiency but are also detrimental to the life span of a system. Output can be greatly affected by PV technology, configuration, and other operating conditions. Thus, it is important to consider the impact of different PV configurations and materials for thorough analysis of faults. This paper presents a detailed investigation of faults including non-uniform shading, open circuit and short circuit in different PV interconnections including Series-Parallel (SP), Honey-Comb (HC) and Total-cross-Tied (TCT). A special case of multiple faults in PV array under non-uniform irradiance is also investigated to analyze their combined impact on considered different PV interconnections. In order to be more comprehensive, we have considered monocrystalline and thin-film PV to analyze faults and their impact on power grids. Simulations are conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, and the obtained results in terms of power(P)–voltage(V) curve are compared and discussed. It is found that utilization of thin-film PV technology with appropriated PV interconnections can minimize the impact of faults on a power grid with improved performance of the system.

scholarly journals Characteristic comparison of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic thermal

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 04010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krismadinata ◽  
Remon Lapisa ◽  
Syahril ◽  
Asnil
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Lower Temperature

This paper discusses an attempt to compares the electrical characteristics of two solar modules of the same type and size in which one of the solar modules at the bottom is mounted a copper pipe for circulating water (as call photovoltaic thermal). The research was steered to observe water cooling effect to electrical characteristics of PV module. This system serves as a heat absorption on the bottom of the solar module. The experiment is conducted at the same time, place, and sunlight intensity conditions for both solar modules. The characteristics of short-circuit current, open circuit voltage, upper and lower temperature and the irradiation of sunlight from the two solar modules are observed. The test results show that photovoltaic thermal generate greater electrical power than solar modules not equipped with heat absorption

Performance Study of GaAs Photovoltaic Power Converter in Optically Powered Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 1894-1897
Author(s):  
Xin Wei Yuan ◽  
Jie Qin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Photovoltaic Power

Optically powered system is a revolutionary new power delivery system, in which optical power is delivered over fiber to photovoltaic power converter, where optical power is transformed into electrical power. Therefore the system is inherently immune to RF, EMI, high voltage and lighting effects. Capable of powering electronic circuitry by optical fiber, this technology has been validated in industries such as electric power, communications, remote sensing and aerospace. To a large extent, photovoltaic power converter is a key component that decides the performance of optically powered system. In this paper, the commonly used GaAs photovoltaic power converter is studied and tested. Parameter values like open circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum output power, conversion efficiency and the optimum load resistance are obtained through experiment, which can be severed as important reference while choosing or designing DC-DC converter.

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