scholarly journals Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of the Micro-Doppler Effect in Wideband Indoor Channels with Confirmation Through Pendulum Experiments

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelgawwad ◽  
Alireza Borhani ◽  
Matthias Pätzold
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Point Scatterer ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Recognition Systems ◽  
Complex Channel ◽  
Pendulum Experiment

This paper is about designing a 3D no n-stationary wideband indoor channel model for radio-frequency sensing. The proposed channel model allows for simulating the time-variant (TV) characteristics of the received signal of indoor channel in the presence of a moving object. The moving object is modelled by a point scatterer which travels along a trajectory. The trajectory is described by the object’s TV speed, TV horizontal angle of motion, and TV vertical angle of motion. An expression of the TV Doppler frequency caused by the moving scatterer is derived. Furthermore, an expression of the TV complex channel transfer function (CTF) of the received signal is provided, which accounts for the influence of a moving object and fixed objects, such as walls, ceiling, and furniture. An approximate analytical solution of the spectrogram of the CTF is derived. The proposed channel model is confirmed by measurements obtained from a pendulum experiment. In the pendulum experiment, the trajectory of the pendulum has been measured by using an inertial-measurement unit (IMU) and simultaneously collecting CSI data. For validation, we have compared the spectrogram of the proposed channel model fed with IMU data with the spectrogram characteristics of the measured CSI data. The proposed channel model paves the way towards designing simulation-based activity recognition systems.

Simulation based mm-wave channel model for outdoor open area access scenarios

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minseok Kim ◽  
Tatsuki Iwata ◽  
Kento Umeki ◽  
Karma Wangchuk ◽  
Jun-ichi Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
Simulation Based

scholarly journals Joint Delay Doppler Probability Density Functions for Air-to-Air Channels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Walter ◽  
Dmitriy Shutin ◽  
Uwe-Carsten Fiebig
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Probability Density Functions ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Vector Calculus ◽  
Air Channels

Recent channel measurements indicate that the wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption is not valid for air-to-air channels. Therefore, purely stochastic channel models cannot be used. In order to cope with the nonstationarity a geometric component is included. In this paper we extend a previously presented two-dimensional geometric stochastic model originally developed for vehicle-to-vehicle communication to a three-dimensional air-to-air channel model. Novel joint time-variant delay Doppler probability density functions are presented. The probability density functions are derived by using vector calculus and parametric equations of the delay ellipses. This allows us to obtain closed form mathematical expressions for the probability density functions, which can then be calculated for any delay and Doppler frequency at arbitrary times numerically.

System Identification and Optimal Control of Half-Car Active Suspension System Using a Single Noisy IMU With Position Uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Attia ◽  
Kevin Kochersberger ◽  
John Bird ◽  
Steve C. Southward
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Active Suspension ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Position Uncertainty ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Handling Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods

An active suspension based on Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) optimal controller is an effective system for enhancing the ride comfort and handling characteristics of a vehicle. LQG requires a good plant model for success, and this may be difficult to extract using a single inertial measurement device in the presence of noise. This paper presents a method for estimating the vehicle states by measuring both the vehicle bounce and pitch accelerations using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) with position uncertainty relative to the sprung mass center of gravity. Frequency domain methods are used for System Identification (SysId). The state estimation is based on channel-by-channel model estimation using uncorrelated random excitation which is applied to the front wheels, rear wheels, front actuator, and rear actuator. An anti-aliasing filter eliminates false response harmonics and a Kalman filter is used to estimate the current states of the actual plant and the LQR block for the full-states-feedback controller. The controllers and observer are implemented in simulation using a four degree-of-freedom half car linear model.

scholarly journals Moving Object Detection from Moving Camera Image Sequences Using an Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Sukwoo Jung ◽  
Youngmok Cho ◽  
Doojun Kim ◽  
Minho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Image Sequences ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Moving Camera ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Camera Image ◽  
Foreground Region ◽  
Harris Detector

This paper describes a new method for the detection of moving objects from moving camera image sequences using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor. Motion detection systems with vision sensors have become a global research subject recently. However, detecting moving objects from a moving camera is a difficult task because of egomotion. In the proposed method, the interesting points are extracted by a Harris detector, and the background and foreground are classified by epipolar geometry. In this procedure, an IMU sensor is used to calculate the initial fundamental matrix. After the feature point classification, a transformation matrix is obtained from matching background feature points. Image registration is then applied to the consecutive images, and a difference map is extracted to find the foreground region. Finally, a minimum bounding box is applied to mark the detected moving object. The proposed method is implemented and tested with numerous real-world driving videos, which show that it outperforms the previous work.

scholarly journals Moving-object detection and tracking by scanning LiDAR mounted on motorcycle based on dynamic background subtraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shotaro Muro ◽  
Ibuki Yoshida ◽  
Masafumi Hashimoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Moving Object Detection ◽  
Moving Object ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite Systems ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Dynamic Background ◽  
Object Detection And Tracking ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Scan Data

AbstractThis paper presents a method for moving-object detection and tracking (DATMO) in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)-denied environments using a light detection and ranging (LiDAR) mounted on a motorcycle. Distortion in the scanning LiDAR data is corrected by estimating the pose (3D positions and attitude angles) of the motorcycle in a period shorter than the LiDAR scan period using normal distributions transform-based simultaneous localization and mapping (NDT-based SLAM) and the information from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) via the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The scan data of interest are extracted by subtracting the local environment map generated by NDT-based SLAM from the LiDAR scan data. Moving objects are detected from the scan data of interest using an occupancy grid method and are tracked with a Bayesian filter. Experimental results obtained from public road and university campus environments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propagation Channel over Vegetation and Lake Areas: First- and Second-Order Statistical Analysis

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Deyvid L. Leite ◽  
Pablo Javier Alsina ◽  
Millena M. de Medeiros Campos ◽  
Vicente A. de Sousa ◽  
Alvaro A. M. de Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Doppler Frequency ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Log Normal

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to provide services such as the Internet, goods delivery, and air taxis has become a reality in recent years. The use of these aircraft requires a secure communication between the control station and the UAV, which demands the characterization of the communication channel. This paper aims to present a measurement setup using an unmanned aircraft to acquire data for the characterization of the radio frequency channel in a propagation environment with particular vegetation (Caatinga) and a lake. This paper presents the following contributions: identification of the communication channel model that best describes the characteristics of communication; characterization of the effects of large-scale fading, such as path loss and log-normal shadowing; characterization of small-scale fading (multipath and Doppler); and estimation of the aircraft speed from the identified Doppler frequency.

scholarly journals Deformation Measuring Methods Based on Inertial Sensors for Airborne Distributed POS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Gong ◽  
Haojie Liu ◽  
Xing-Gang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Measuring Methods ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Orientation System

This paper is focused on deformation measuring methods based on inertial sensors, which are used to achieve high accuracy motion parameters and the spatial distribution optimization of multiple slave systems in the airborne distributed Position and Orientation System or other purposes. In practical application, the installation difficulty, cost, and accuracy of measuring equipment are the key factors that need to be considered synthetically. Motivated by these, deformation measuring methods based on gyros and accelerometers are proposed, respectively, and compared with the traditional method based on the inertial measurement unit (IMU). The mathematical models of these proposed methods are built, and the detailed derivations of them are given. Based on the Kalman filtering estimation, simulation and semiphysical simulation based on vehicle experiment show that the method based on gyros can obtain a similar estimation accuracy to the method based on IMU, and the method based on accelerometers has an advantage in y-axis deformation estimation.

A Simulation-based Study on the Environment-Specific Propagation Model for Vehicular Communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Hameed Mir ◽  
Fethi Filali
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Channel Modeling ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
V2v Communication ◽  
Simulation Based

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication environment vary significantly in radio channel characteristics. Therefore, simulation-based studies on V2V propagation models that consider random and time-varying characteristics of surrounding environment are highly sought-after. This paper includes a detailed overview of the existing V2V channel modeling techniques. Followed by the details on what information is required to perform large-scale simulations of the environment-specific vehicular channel model. Next, the authors propose a simulation model which combines data from several sources such as 2.5D building geometry data and vehicular mobility traces to create a realistic simulation environment. Finally, the given reference scenario has been assessed regarding several performance metrics and parameter settings using a publicly available geometry-based V2V propagation model. The simulation results show that building and vehicle obstructions significantly attenuate the signal thus resulting in lower received signal strength, lower packet delivery ratio, and shorter effective transmission range.

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