scholarly journals A Hybrid Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Maintenance in Railway Traction Drives

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Garramiola ◽  
Javier Poza ◽  
Patxi Madina ◽  
Jon del Olmo ◽  
Gaizka Ugalde
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Fault Reconstruction ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Traction Drives

Due to the importance of sensors in railway traction drives availability, sensor fault diagnosis has become a key point in order to move from preventive maintenance to condition-based maintenance. Most research works are limited to sensor fault detection and isolation, but only a few of them analyze the types of sensor faults, such as offset or gain, with the aim of reconfiguring the sensor in order to implement a fault tolerant system. This article is based on a fusion of model-based and data-driven techniques. First, an observer-based approach, using a Sliding Mode observer, is utilized for sensor fault reconstruction in real time. Then, once the fault is detected, a time window of sensor measurements and sensor fault reconstruction is sent to the remote maintenance center for fault evaluation. Finally, an offline processing is carried out to discriminate between gain and offset sensor faults, in order to get a maintenance decision-making to reconfigure the sensor during the next train stop. Fault classification is done by means of histograms and statistics. The technique here proposed is applied to the DC-link voltage sensor in a railway traction drive and is validated in a hardware-in-the-loop platform.

Robust actuator and sensor fault reconstruction of wind turbine using modified sliding mode observer

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Rahnavard ◽  
Moosa Ayati ◽  
Mohammad Reza Hairi Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Sliding Mode Observer ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Actuator Faults ◽  
Fault Reconstruction ◽  
Different Order ◽  
Aerodynamic Torque

This paper proposes a robust fault diagnosis scheme based on modified sliding mode observer, which reconstructs wind turbine hydraulic pitch actuator faults as well as simultaneous sensor faults. The wind turbine under consideration is a 4.8 MW benchmark model developed by Aalborg University and kk-electronic a/s. Rotor rotational speed, generator rotational speed, blade pitch angle and generator torque have different order of magnitudes. Since the dedicated sensors experience faults with quite different values, simultaneous fault reconstruction of these sensors is a challenging task. To address this challenge, some modifications are applied to the classic sliding mode observer to realize simultaneous fault estimation. The modifications are mainly suggested to the discontinuous injection switching term as the nonlinear part of observer. The proposed fault diagnosis scheme does not require know the exact value of nonlinear aerodynamic torque and is robust to disturbance/modelling uncertainties. The aerodynamic torque mapping, represented as a two-dimensional look up table in the benchmark model, is estimated by an analytical expression. The pitch actuator low pressure faults are identified using some fault indicators. By filtering the outputs and defining an augmented state vector, the sensor faults are converted to actuator faults. Several fault scenarios, including the pitch actuator low pressure faults and simultaneous sensor faults, are simulated in the wind turbine benchmark in the presence of measurement noises. Simulation results show that the modified observer immediately and faithfully estimates the actuator faults as well as simultaneous sensor faults with different order of magnitudes.

scholarly journals Robust Sensor Fault Reconstruction via a Bank of Second-Order Sliding Mode Observers for Aircraft Engines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2831
Author(s):  
Zijian Qiang ◽  
Jinquan Huang ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Xiaodong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Fault Reconstruction ◽  
Sliding Mode Observers ◽  
Second Order Sliding Mode

This paper deals with sensor faults of aircraft engines under uncertainties using a bank of second-order sliding mode observers (SMOs). In view of the effect of inevitable uncertainties on the fault reconstruction, a method combining H ∞ concepts and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is proposed, in which a scaling matrix is designed to minimize the gain of the transfer function matrix from uncertainty to reconstruction. However, robust design generally requires that engine outputs outnumber faults. In the case where the above-mentioned requirement is not satisfied, a bank of sliding mode observers is proposed to ensure the degrees of freedom available in robust design. In specific, each observer corresponds to a certain sensor with the hypothesis that the corresponding sensor will not have faults, to create one degree of design freedom for each observer. After fault occurrence, a large estimation error is expected in the observers with wrong hypothesis, and then a logic module is designed to detect sensor faults and obtain the optimal robust sensor fault reconstruction at the same time. The proposed approach is applied to a nonlinear engine component-level-model (CLM) simulation platform, and a numerical study is performed to validate the effectiveness.

Sensor and Actuator Fault Diagnosis Based on Soft Computing Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Salah Khireddine ◽  
Kheireddine Chafaa ◽  
Noureddine Slimane ◽  
Abdelhalim Boutarfa
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Reconfigurable Control ◽  
Scara Robot ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Soft Computing Techniques

AbstractComputational intelligence techniques are being investigated as an extension of the traditional fault diagnosis methods. This article presents, for the first time, a scheme for fault detection and isolation (FDI) via artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic. It deals with the sensor fault of a three-link selective compliance assembly robot arm (SCARA) robot. A second scheme is proposed for fault detection and accommodation via analytical redundancy, and it deals with the sensor fault of a three-link SCARA robot. These proposed FDI approaches are implemented on Matlab/Simulink software and tested under several types of faults. The results show the importance of this process. Then, the sensor faults are detected and isolated successfully. Also, the actuator faults are detected and a fault tolerance strategy is used for reconfigurable control using a sliding-mode observer.

scholarly journals Neuro-Fuzzy Sensor Fault Diagnosis of an Induction Motor

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Benloucif
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Fuzzy Neural Network ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Fuzzy Neural ◽  
Residual Generation

 In this paper, a neuro-fuzzy fault diagnosis scheme is presented and its ability to detect and isolate sensor faults in an induction motor is assessed. This fault detection and isolation (FDI) approach relies on a combination of neural modelling and fuzzy logic techniques which can deal effectively with nonlinear dynamics and uncertainties. It is based on a two step neural network procedure: a first neural network is used for residual generation and a second fuzzy neural network performs residual evaluation. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of this FDI approach. 

scholarly journals Vibration Monitoring for Position Sensor Fault Diagnosis in Brushless DC Motor Drives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2248
Author(s):  
Dimitrios A. Papathanasopoulos ◽  
Konstantinos N. Giannousakis ◽  
Evangelos S. Dermatas ◽  
Epaminondas D. Mitronikas
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Brushless Dc Motor ◽  
Position Sensor ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Brushless Dc ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dc Motor Drives

A non-invasive technique for condition monitoring of brushless DC motor drives is proposed in this study for Hall-effect position sensor fault diagnosis. Position sensor faults affect rotor position feedback, resulting in faulty transitions, which in turn cause current fluctuations and mechanical oscillations, derating system performance and threatening life expectancy. The main concept of the proposed technique is to detect the faults using vibration signals, acquired by low-cost piezoelectric sensors. With this aim, the frequency spectrum of the piezoelectric sensor output signal is analyzed both under the healthy and faulty operating conditions to highlight the fault signature. Therefore, the second harmonic component of the vibration signal spectrum is evaluated as a reliable signature for the detection of misalignment faults, while the fourth harmonic component is investigated for the position sensor breakdown fault, considering both single and double sensor faults. As the fault signature is localized at these harmonic components, the Goertzel algorithm is promoted as an efficient tool for the harmonic analysis in a narrow frequency band. Simulation results of the system operation, under healthy and faulty conditions, are presented along with the experimental results, verifying the proposed technique performance in detecting the position sensor faults in a non-invasive manner.

scholarly journals Integral Sensor Fault Detection and Isolation for Railway Traction Drive

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Garramiola ◽  
Jon del Olmo ◽  
Javier Poza ◽  
Patxi Madina ◽  
Gaizka Almandoz
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Sensor Fault Detection

scholarly journals Energy Analysis Method Based on Wavelet Transform for Sensor Fault Diagnosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 2-3 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Peng Qian ◽  
Jin Guo Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Ying Zi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Sensor Faults ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Sensor Fault ◽  
Fault Type ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Non Stationary Signal

Wavelet analysis with its unique features is very suitable for analyzing non-stationary signal, and it can also be used as an ideal tool for signal processing in fault diagnosis. The characteristics of the faults and the necessary information on the diagnosis can be constructed and extracted respectively by wavelet analysis. Though wavelet analysis is specialized in characteristics extraction, it can not determine the fault type. So this paper has proposed an energy analysis method based on wavelet transform. Experiment results show the method is very effective for sensor fault diagnosis, because it can not only detect the sensor faults, but also determine the fault type.

scholarly journals A Review in Fault Diagnosis and Health Assessment for Railway Traction Drives

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Garramiola ◽  
Javier Poza ◽  
Patxi Madina ◽  
Jon del Olmo ◽  
Gaizka Almandoz
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Railway Traction ◽  
Railway System ◽  
Traction Drives ◽  
Early Fault Detection

During the last decade, due to the increasing importance of reliability and availability, railway industry is making greater use of fault diagnosis approaches for early fault detection, as well as Condition-based maintenance frameworks. Due to the influence of traction drive in the railway system availability, several research works have been focused on Fault Diagnosis for Railway traction drives. Fault diagnosis approaches have been applied to electric machines, sensors and power electronics. Furthermore, Condition-based maintenance framework seems to reduce corrective and Time-based maintenance works in Railway Systems. However, there is not any publication that summarizes all the research works carried out in Fault diagnosis and Condition-based Maintenance frameworks for Railway Traction Drives. Thus, this review presents the development of Health Assessment and Fault Diagnosis in Railway Traction Drives during the last decade.

scholarly journals Estimation and Fault Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Fractional-Order System Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulan Kong ◽  
Mehrdad Saif ◽  
Guozeng Cui
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Fault Detection ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fault Isolation ◽  
Sliding Mode Observer ◽  
Fault Detection And Isolation ◽  
Order System

This study investigates estimation and fault diagnosis of fractional-order Lithium-ion battery system. Two simple and common types of observers are designed to address the design of fault diagnosis and estimation for the fractional-order systems. Fractional-order Luenberger observers are employed to generate residuals which are then used to investigate the feasibility of model based fault detection and isolation. Once a fault is detected and isolated, a fractional-order sliding mode observer is constructed to provide an estimate of the isolated fault. The paper presents some theoretical results for designing stable observers and fault estimators. In particular, the notion of stability in the sense of Mittag-Leffler is first introduced to discuss the state estimation error dynamics. Overall, the design of the Luenberger observer as well as the sliding mode observer can accomplish fault detection, fault isolation, and estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy on a three-cell battery string system is demonstrated.

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