scholarly journals LoRaWAN for Smart City IoT Deployments: A Long Term Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Basford ◽  
Florentin M. J. Bulot ◽  
Mihaela Apetroaie-Cristea ◽  
Simon J. Cox ◽  
Steven J. Ossont
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Access Site ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Commercial Off The Shelf

LoRaWAN is a Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) deployments; this paper presents experiences from deploying a city-scale LoRaWAN network across Southampton, UK. This network was deployed to support an installation of air quality monitors and to explore the capabilities of LoRaWAN. This deployment uses a mixture of commercial off-the-shelf gateways and custom gateways. These gateway locations were chosen based on network access, site permission and accessibility, and are not necessarily the best locations theoretically. Over 135,000 messages have been transmitted by the twenty devices analysed. Over the course of the complete deployment, 72.4 % of the messages were successfully received by the data server. Of the messages that were received, 99% were received within 10 s of transmission. We conclude that LoRaWAN is an applicable communication technology for city-scale air quality monitoring and other smart city applications.

scholarly journals Comparison of LPWAN Technologies: Cost Structure and Scalability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Istiak Hossain ◽  
Jan I. Markendahl
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Generic Framework ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

AbstractSmall-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.

scholarly journals Wide area network access to CMS data using the LustreTMfilesystem

2010 ◽  
Vol 219 (7) ◽  
pp. 072049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Rodriguez ◽  
P Avery ◽  
T Brody ◽  
D Bourilkov ◽  
Y Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Access

Application Credibility Theory in the Smart Grid Information Network Security Assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 841-844
Author(s):  
Yan Bin Li ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Wei Guo Li
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Credibility Theory ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Smart Grid Security ◽  
The Impact

With the development of the smart grid , information network securityassessment affects the safe operation of the smart grid . In this paper, theimproved credibility theory and analytic hierarchy process , combined withstructural features of the smart grid network , From the wide area network ,access network, enterprise local network , local area network and the CPN-siteand home users to assess the impact of the five aspects of information networksfor smart grid security operation. And make the case for more security strategyto improve the reliability of the smart grid operation , thus providing a basisfor guiding the development and safe use of electricity grid users .

scholarly journals Eco-Efficient Mobility in Smart City Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8443
Author(s):  
Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽  
Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽  
José Santa
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Traffic Efficiency

Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) have brought a technological revolution, especially for ground vehicles, in terms of road safety, traffic efficiency, as well as in the experience of drivers and passengers. So far, these advances have been focused on traditional transportation means, leaving aside the new generation of personal vehicles that are nowadays flooding our streets. Together with bicycles and motorcycles, personal mobility devices such as segways or electric scooters are firm sustainable alternatives that represent the future to achieve eco-friendly personal mobility in urban settings. In a near future, smart cities will become hyper-connected spaces where these vehicles should be integrated within the underlying C-ITS ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a wide overview of the opportunities and challenges related to this necessary integration as well as the communication solutions that are already in the market to provide these moving devices with low-cost and efficient connectivity. We also present an On-Board Unit (OBU) prototype with different communication options based on the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) paradigm and several sensors to gather environmental information to facilitate eco-efficiency services. As the attained results suggest, this module allows personal vehicles to be fully integrated in smart city environments, presenting the possibilities of LoRaWAN and Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technologies to provide vehicle connectivity and enable mobile urban sensing.

Small-size LTE/WWAN monopole antenna with octa-band operation for 4 G mobile phone

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-673
Author(s):  
Jui-Han Lu ◽  
Ying-Sheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Printed Antenna ◽  
Antenna Size ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Printed Monopole Antenna ◽  
Printed Monopole

By introducing a modified F-shaped feeding strip and dual parasitic shorted strips, a small-size wireless wide area network/long-term evolution (WWAN/LTE) printed antenna is proposed and embedded in the 4 G mobile phone with octa-band operation. The operating impedance bandwidths (RL ≥ 6 dB) of 263/1093 MHz can be obtained across the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively. The overall antenna size of the proposed printed monopole antenna (MA) is only 35 × 10 × 0.8 mm3. Meanwhile, this small-size MA provides the measured peak gains and antenna efficiencies of 2.0/3.6 dBi and 80/75% for the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively.

scholarly journals Gateway sink placement for sensor node grid distribution in lora smart city networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 834
Author(s):  
Nur Aishah Bt. Zainal ◽  
Mohamed Hadi Habaebi ◽  
Israth Jahan Chowdhury ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Jamal I. Daoud
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Wireless Communication Network

<span>Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) is a type of wireless communication network designed to allow long range communications at a low bit rate among things (connected objects), such as sensors operated on a battery. It is a new technology that operates in unauthorized spectrum which designed for wireless data communication [1]. It is used in Internet of Thing (IoT) applications and M2M communications. It provides multi-year battery lifetime and is intended for sensors and applications that need to transmit only a few information over long distances a few times per hour from different environments. In order to have an insight of such long range technology, this paper evaluates the performance of LoRa radio links under shadowing effect and realistic smart city utilities node grid distribution. Such environment is synonymous to residential, industrial and modern urban centers. The focus is to include the effect of shadowing on the radio links while attempting to study the optimum sink node numbers and their locations for maximum sensor node connectivity. Results indicate that the usual unrealistic random node distribution does not reflect actual real-life scenario where many of the these sensing nodes follow the utilities infrastructure around the city (e.g., street light posts, water and gas delivery pipes,…etc). The system is evaluated in terms of connectivity and packet loss ratio.</span>

scholarly journals IoT Enabled Intelligent Sensor Node for Smart City: Pedestrian Counting and Ambient Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 3374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fowzia Akhter ◽  
Sam Khadivizand ◽  
Hasin Reza Siddiquei ◽  
Md Eshrat E. Alahi ◽  
Subhas Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Fresnel Lens ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Intelligent Sensor ◽  
Internet Server ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pedestrian Counting

An Internet of Things (IoT) enabled intelligent sensor node has been designed and developed for smart city applications. The fabricated sensor nodes count the number of pedestrians, their direction of travel along with some ambient parameters. The Field of View (FoV) of Fresnel lens of commercially available passive infrared (PIR) sensors has been specially tuned to monitor the movements of only humans and no other domestic animals such as dogs, cats etc. The ambient parameters include temperature, humidity, pressure, Carbon di Oxide (CO2) and total volatile organic component (TVOC). The monitored data are uploaded to the Internet server through the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication system. An intelligent algorithm has been developed to achieve an accuracy of 95% for the pedestrian count. There are a total of 74 sensor nodes that have been installed around Macquarie University and continued working for the last six months.

scholarly journals City Scale Particulate Matter Monitoring Using LoRaWAN Based Air Quality IoT Devices

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Johnston ◽  
Philip J. Basford ◽  
Florentin M. J. Bulot ◽  
Mihaela Apetroaie-Cristea ◽  
Natasha H. C. Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Sensor Coverage ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The City

Air Quality (AQ) is a very topical issue for many cities and has a direct impact on citizen health. The AQ of a large UK city is being investigated using low-cost Particulate Matter (PM) sensors, and the results obtained by these sensors have been compared with government operated AQ stations. In the first pilot deployment, six AQ Internet of Things (IoT) devices have been designed and built, each with four different low-cost PM sensors, and they have been deployed at two locations within the city. These devices are equipped with LoRaWAN wireless network transceivers to test city scale Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) coverage. The study concludes that (i) the physical device developed can operate at a city scale; (ii) some low-cost PM sensors are viable for monitoring AQ and for detecting PM trends; (iii) LoRaWAN is suitable for city scale sensor coverage where connectivity is an issue. Based on the findings from this first pilot project, a larger LoRaWAN enabled AQ sensor network is being deployed across the city of Southampton in the UK.

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