scholarly journals Airborne and Terrestrial Observations of the Thermal Environment of Urban Areas Surrounding a High-Rise Building during the Japanese Winter

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Haruki Oshio ◽  
Kan Chen ◽  
Takashi Asawa
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
North East ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Surrounding Areas

We investigated the distribution of air temperature (Ta) and the factors affecting it in low-rise areas surrounding an isolated high-rise building during the Japanese winter. The study site was the central part of a regional city in Japan (36°5′ N, 140°12′ E), lying north-east of the Tokyo metropolitan area. The daytime surface temperature (Ts) in the shade is generally considered to be comparable to Ta; however, according to airborne remote sensing conducted in December 2009 where a multi-spectral scanner was installed on a fixed-wing aircraft, Ts for pavements in the shade of a high-rise building was significantly lower than Ta of sub-urban areas, indicating an influence of cold storage on Ts. Then, we conducted mobile observations using instruments (thermocouple, four component radiometer, and so on) installed on a bicycle in January 2016 to investigate the detailed distribution of Ta and the factors affecting it. The results showed the Ta over the pavements in the shade of the high-rise building was lower than the Ta of sunlit areas in the same urban area by −2 °C and lower than the Ta of sub-urban areas by −1–1.5 °C, although the advection effect was large due to strong winds around the building. In conclusion, a locally lower Ta compared to the surrounding areas can develop during the day in winter, even in spaces that are open to areas beyond the canopy.

Numerical Simulation for Outdoor Thermal Environment of High-Rise Building With Air-Conditioner

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Lige Tong ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Heat Released

A large number of split-type air conditioner are widely used in high-rise residential or office buildings in China and the outdoor units of air-conditioner are often installed at the sidewalls or on the roofs in the confined space of a high-rise building. The factors affecting the performance of air-conditioner are the solar radiation, the heat released from the outdoor units, the ventilation of the confined installation space of a building where the outdoor units are installed and so on, which are investigated in this study. The air flow and temperature distribution under steady-state condition near the two outdoor units installed on the same storey in a building are simulated by software FLUENT, in which the porous model and DO radiation model are used. The optimum installation distance from the supporting wall is obtained. The average temperature of the exit surface without wind is 1.18% more than that with wind. The results show that the heat released from the outdoor units and the ventilation of the confined installation space where the outdoor units are installed are the main factors affecting the thermal environment in the confined installation space; The influence of the solar radiation can be neglected.

scholarly journals An Effect of Urban Forest on Urban Thermal Environment in Seoul, South Korea, Based on Landsat Imagery Analysis

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Peter Sang-Hoon Lee ◽  
Jincheol Park
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The urban heat island effect has posed negative impacts on urban areas with increased cooling energy demand followed by an altered thermal environment. While unusually high temperature in urban areas has been often attributed to complex urban settings, the function of urban forests has been considered as an effective heat mitigation strategy. To investigate the cooling effect of urban forests and their influence range, this study examined the spatiotemporal changes in land surface temperature (LST) of urban forests and surrounding areas by using Landsat imageries. LST, the size of the urban forest, its vegetation cover, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were investigated for 34 urban forests and their surrounding areas at a series of buffer areas in Seoul, South Korea. The mean LST of urban forests was lower than that of the overall city, and the threshold distance from urban forests for cooling effect was estimated to be roughly up to 300 m. The group of large-sized urban forests showed significantly lower mean LST than that of small-sized urban forests. The group of urban forests with higher NDVI showed lower mean LST than that of urban forests with lower mean NDVI in a consistent manner. A negative linear relationship was found between the LST and size of urban forest (r = −0.36 to −0.58), size of vegetation cover (r = −0.39 to −0.61), and NDVI (r = −0.42 to −0.93). Temporal changes in NDVI were examined separately on a specific site, Seoul Forest, that has experienced urban forest dynamics. LST of the site decreased as NDVI improved by a land-use change from a barren racetrack to a city park. It was considered that NDVI could be a reliable factor for estimating the cooling effect of urban forest compared to the size of the urban forest and/or vegetation cover.

The Research of High-rise Building Fire Safety Simulation Model Based on System Dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 605-609
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Wang ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Xue Qi Zhai
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Flow Graph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Building Fire ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Fire Design

Firstly, this paper analyzed the factors affecting high-rise building fire safety in terms of the aspects of staff awareness, high-rise building fire design, fire-fighting facilities, daily management, and technology and so on. Secondly, on this basis, I determined the flow graph model and variables, and constructed high-rise building fire safety simulation model. Finally, a high-rise building was used to verify the applicability of the model. The findings have developed a clear direction in order to strengthen the management and formulation of high-rise building fire safety.

scholarly journals The impact of building height on urban thermal environment in summer: A case study of Chinese megacities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247786
Author(s):  
Meiya Wang ◽  
Hanqiu Xu
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Building Height ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact

The quantitative relationship between the spatial variation of building’s height and the associated land surface temperature (LST) change in six Chinese megacities is investigated in this paper. The six cities involved are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. Based on both remote sensing and building footprint data, we retrieved the LST using a single-channel (SC) algorithm and evaluate the heating/cooling effect caused by building-height difference via correlation analysis. The results show that the spatial distribution of high-rise buildings is mainly concentrated in the center business districts, riverside zones, and newly built-up areas of the six megacities. In the urban area, the number and the floor-area ratio of high to super high-rise buildings (>24m) account for over 5% and 4.74%, respectively. Being highly urbanized cities, most of urban areas in the six megacities are associated with high LST. Ninety-nine percent of the city areas of Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Tianjin are covered by the LST in the range of 30.2~67.8°C, 34.8~50.4°C, 25.3~48.3°C, 29.9~47.2°C, 27.4~43.4°C, and 33.0~48.0°C, respectively. Building’s height and LST have a negative logarithmic correlation with the correlation coefficients ranging from -0.701 to -0.853. In the building’s height within range of 0~66m, the LST will decrease significantly with the increase of building’s height. This indicates that the increase of building’s height will bring a significant cooling effect in this height range. When the building’s height exceeds 66m, its effect on LST will be greatly weakened. This is due to the influence of building shadows, local wind disturbances, and the layout of buildings.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KENYAMANAN TERMAL BANGUNAN (STUDI KASUS: RUANG KULIAH KAMPUS IPB BARANANGSIANG DAN DARMAGA BOGOR)IDENTIFICATION OF BUILDING THERMAL COMFORT (Case Study: Classrooms in IPB Banangsiang and Darmaga Campuses)

Agromet ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rendy Kurnia ◽  
Sobri Effendy ◽  
Laras Tursilowati
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The City

Housing development, well-planned or not well-planned, has changed urban view and its thermal environment. Many researchers have claimed that the worse quality of urban thermal environment is proportional to physical development of the city. Physical development in urban areas has caused various environmental problems, one of them is the change in quality of thermal environment by which the city becomes hotter than the surrounding areas. The purpose of this research was to identify thermal comfort either in classrooms at Darmaga or Baranangsiang campuses of Bogor Agricultural University. PMV (Predicted Mean Vote), using the boundary Effective Temperature (TE), THI (Temperature Humidity Index), and the last method is respondent test. PMVs (Predicted Mean Votes) in the classrooms at Baranangsiang campuses are thermally neutral to slightly warm, while that in classrooms in Darmaga campus are warmer. Effective Temperature which is resulted in the both of lecture halls are comfortable warm conditions. In addition, for respondents test, the thermal impression in IPB campus of Baranangsiang prefers to choose the slightly warm conditions, but for a lecture hall in campus of IPB Darmaga is more dominated by warm and slightly warm conditions. The questionnaire has been appropiated to the range of PMV index. So, the lecture halls that have been studied in both of campus can be concluded as slightly warm condition, because the thermal impressions felt by the respondents are also in the range of neutral to slightly . The value of THI for both of campus environment is in the range of moderate or neutral.Housing development, well-planned or not well-planned, has changed urban view and its thermal environment. Many researchers have claimed that the worse quality of urban thermal environment is proportional to physical development of the city. Physical development in urban areas has caused various environmental problems, one of them is the change in quality of thermal environment by which the city becomes hotter than the surrounding areas. The purpose of this research was to identify thermal comfort either in classrooms at Darmaga or Baranangsiang campuses of Bogor Agricultural University. PMV (Predicted Mean Vote), using the boundary Effective Temperature (TE), THI (Temperature Humidity Index), and the last method is respondent test. PMVs (Predicted Mean Votes) in the classrooms at Baranangsiang campuses are thermally neutral to slightly warm, while that in classrooms in Darmaga campus are warmer. Effective Temperature which is resulted in the both of lecture halls are comfortable warm conditions. In addition, for respondents test, the thermal impression in IPB campus of Baranangsiang prefers to choose the slightly warm conditions, but for a lecture hall in campus of IPB Darmaga is more dominated by warm and slightly warm conditions. The questionnaire has been appropiated to the range of PMV index. So, the lecture halls that have been studied in both of campus can be concluded as slightly warm condition, because the thermal impressions felt by the respondents are also in the range of neutral to slightly . The value of THI for both of campus environment is in the range of moderate or neutral.

scholarly journals Analysis of impact factors affecting on the stack effect in high-rise building

KIEAE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Jin-Hwan Oh ◽  
Doo-Sam Song ◽  
Sung-Min Yoon ◽  
Yujin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stack Effect ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building

scholarly journals THERMAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN ENCLOSED DEMOLITION WORK-SPACE OF A HIGH-RISE BUILDING

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (41) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Taiki SATO ◽  
Ken SHOJI ◽  
Hideki ICHIHARA ◽  
Kyoichi UMETSU
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Work Space ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building

scholarly journals Fire Risk Assessment in Dense Urban Areas Using Information Fusion Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Masoumi ◽  
John van L.Genderen ◽  
Jamshid Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Information Fusion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Fire Risk Assessment

A comprehensive fire risk assessment is very important in dense urban areas as it provides an estimation of people at risk and property. Fire policy and mitigation strategies in developing countries are constrained by inadequate information, which is mainly due to a lack of capacity and resources for data collection, analysis, and modeling. In this research, we calculated the fire risk considering two aspects, urban infrastructure and the characteristics of a high-rise building for a dense urban area in Zanjan city. Since the resources for this purpose were rather limited, a variety of information was gathered and information fusion techniques were conducted by employing spatial analyses to produce fire risk maps. For this purpose, the spatial information produced using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and then attribute data (about 150 characteristics of each high-rise building) were gathered for each building. Finally, considering high-risk urban infrastructures, like the position of oil and gas pipes and electricity lines and the fire safety analysis of high-rise buildings, the vulnerability map for the area was prepared. The fire risk of each building was assessed and its risk level was identified. Results can help decision-makers, urban planners, emergency managers, and community organizations to plan for providing facilities and minimizing fire hazards and solve some related problems to reduce the fire risk. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis (SA) indicate that the social training factor is the most effective causative factor in the fire risk.

scholarly journals Specific features of modern multifunctional high-rise building construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov Manukhina ◽  
Natal'ja Samosudova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
High Price ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Complex Structural

The article analyzes the main reasons for the development of high-rise building construction the most important of which-is a limitation of the urban areas and, consequently, the high price of land reserved for construction. New engineering and compositional solutions for the creation of new types of buildings are considered - complex technical designs of a large number of storeys completely meet the new requirements for safety and comfort. Some peculiarities of designing high-rise buildings and searching for optimal architectural and planning solutions are revealed since, with external architectural simplicity, high-rise buildings have complex structural and technological and space-planning solutions. We consider the specific features of a high-rise housing in various countries around the world, including Russia, such as the layout of the multi-storey residential buildings, depending on the climatic characteristics of the regions, assessment of the geological risk of the construction site, the choice of parameters and functional purpose of the sections of the territory of high-rise construction, location of the town-planning object for substantiating the overall dimensions of the building, assessment of changes aeration and engineering and hydrological conditions of the site. A special place in the article on the problems of improvement of the territory, the device of courtyards, landscaping, the device of playing and sports grounds. The main conclusion in the article is the following problem - when developing high-rise housing construction, the development of high-rise housing, and an increase in the population density in the territory of large cities of Russia, necessary to create a comfortable and safe level of residents living and not a decrease, but an improvement in the quality of the urban environment.

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