scholarly journals Neutrons for Cultural Heritage—Techniques, Sensors, and Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Festa ◽  
Giovanni Romanelli ◽  
Roberto Senesi ◽  
Laura Arcidiacono ◽  
Claudia Scatigno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Advances in research in Cultural Heritage see increasing application of a multidisciplinary approach and the combined use of physical and chemical characterization of artefacts that can be used to define their structure and their state of conservation, also providing valuable information in selecting the most suitable microclimatic conditions for the exhibition environment. This approach provides a platform for a synergic collaboration amongst researchers, restorers, conservators, and archaeologists. Existing state-of-the-art technologies for neutron-based methods are currently being applied to the study of objects of historical and cultural interest in several neutron-beam facilities around the world. Such techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive and are, therefore, ideal to provide structural information about artefacts, such as their composition, presence of alterations due to the environmental conditions, inclusions, structure of the bulk, manufacturing techniques, and elemental composition, which provide an overall fingerprint of the object’s characteristics, thanks to the nature of the interaction of neutrons with matter. Here, we present an overview of the main neutron methods for the characterization of materials of interest in Cultural Heritage and we provide a brief introduction to the sensors and detectors that are used in this framework. We conclude with some case studies underlining the impact of these applications in different archaeological and historical contexts.

Non-Invasive Characterization for Long-Term Preservation of Cultural Heritage

2011 ◽  
Vol 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G France
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Spectral Response ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Long Term Preservation

ABSTRACTDevelopments in non-invasive analytical techniques advance the preservation of cultural heritage materials by identifying and analyzing substrates and media. Spectral imaging systems have been used as a tool for non-invasive characterization of cultural heritage, allowing the collection of chemical identification information about materials without sampling. The Library of Congress has been developing the application of hyperspectral imaging to the preservation and analysis of cultural heritage materials as a powerful, non-contact technique to allow non-invasive characterization of materials, by identifying and characterizing colorants, inks and substrates through their unique spectral response, monitoring deterioration or changes due to exhibit and other environmental conditions, and capturing lost and deteriorated information. The resulting image cube creates a new “digital cultural object” that is related to, but recognized as a distinct entity from the original. The range of data this object contains encourages multidisciplinary collaboration for the integration of preservation, societal and cultural information.

scholarly journals The Bad and the Good—Microorganisms in Cultural Heritage Environments—An Update on Biodeterioration and Biotreatment Approaches

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Adam Pyzik ◽  
Karol Ciuchcinski ◽  
Mikolaj Dziurzynski ◽  
Lukasz Dziewit
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The Impact

Cultural heritage objects constitute a very diverse environment, inhabited by various bacteria and fungi. The impact of these microorganisms on the degradation of artworks is undeniable, but at the same time, some of them may be applied for the efficient biotreatment of cultural heritage assets. Interventions with microorganisms have been proven to be useful in restoration of artworks, when classical chemical and mechanical methods fail or produce poor or short-term effects. The path to understanding the impact of microbes on historical objects relies mostly on multidisciplinary approaches, combining novel meta-omic technologies with classical cultivation experiments, and physico-chemical characterization of artworks. In particular, the development of metabolomic- and metatranscriptomic-based analyses associated with metagenomic studies may significantly increase our understanding of the microbial processes occurring on different materials and under various environmental conditions. Moreover, the progress in environmental microbiology and biotechnology may enable more effective application of microorganisms in the biotreatment of historical objects, creating an alternative to highly invasive chemical and mechanical methods.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Characterization of an Oyster Hemagglutinin

1969 ◽  
Vol 244 (15) ◽  
pp. 4128-4135
Author(s):  
R T Acton ◽  
J C Bennett ◽  
E E Evans ◽  
R E Schrohenloher
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Asphalt (Bitumen) Paving Exposures

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (sup1) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Herrick ◽  
Michael D. McClean ◽  
John D. Meeker ◽  
Leonard Zwack ◽  
Kevin Hanley
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of masa and tortillas from parental lines, crosses, and one hybrid

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Valderrama-Bravo ◽  
A. Domínguez-Pacheco ◽  
C. Hernández-Aguilar ◽  
R. Zepeda-Bautista ◽  
A. del Real-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Viscoelastic Parameters ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract In maize plant breeding aimed at producing a hybrid, it is necessary to characterize the parents and hybrids by their agronomic aspects and grain quality so that the processing industry may offer consumers a quality product and also improve its efficiency. This study evaluated the viscoelastic parameters of masa and the chemical and texture properties of tortillas obtained from parent lines (M-54, M55, and CML-242), two single crosses (M54xM55 and M55xM54), and one hybrid (H-70). The morphology of the maize grains and tortillas was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The firmness of masa obtained from CML-242 and H-70 maize was higher than that from the other maize genotypes. M-54 tortillas showed the lowest crude fiber content. Otherwise, tortillas obtained from the M55xM54 hard grain had the lowest fat content and extensibility, while H-70 tortillas showed an intermediate breaking point and extensibility. M-54 and M54xM55 tortillas were softer due to their more swollen starch granules. In contrast, rigid tortillas were obtained from CML-242 and H-70. Grain hardness causes different morphology in starch and tortilla of maize genotypes. However, grain hardness did not influence the characteristics of texture in tortillas.

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