scholarly journals Lane Detection Method with Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Radar and Metal Lane Reflectors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Hyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Detection Method ◽  
Impulse Radio ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Wideband Radar

An advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), based on lane detection technology, detects dangerous situations through various sensors and either warns the driver or takes over direct control of the vehicle. At present, cameras are commonly used for lane detection; however, their performance varies widely depending on the lighting conditions. Consequently, many studies have focused on using radar for lane detection. However, when using radar, it is difficult to distinguish between the plain road surface and painted lane markers, necessitating the use of radar reflectors for guidance. Previous studies have used long-range radars which may receive interference signals from various objects, including other vehicles, pedestrians, and buildings, thereby hampering lane detection. Therefore, we propose a lane detection method that uses an impulse radio ultra-wideband radar with high-range resolution and metal lane markers installed at regular intervals on the road. Lane detection and departure is realized upon using the periodically reflected signals as well as vehicle speed data as inputs. For verification, a field test was conducted by attaching radar to a vehicle and installing metal lane markers on the road. Experimental scenarios were established by varying the position and movement of the vehicle, and it was demonstrated that the proposed method enables lane detection based on the data measured.

scholarly journals Improvement in Target Range Estimation and the Range Resolution Using Drone

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwan Hyeong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Range Resolution ◽  
The Road ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
On The Road

This study measured the speed of a moving vehicle in multiple lanes using a drone. The existing methods for measuring a vehicle’s speed while driving on the road measure the speed of moving automobiles by means of a sensor that is mounted on a structure. In another method, a person measures the speed of a vehicle at the edge of a road using a speed-measuring tool. The existing method for measuring a vehicle’s speed requires the installation of a gentry-structure; however, this produces a high risk for traffic accidents, which makes it impossible to measure a vehicle’s speed in multiple lanes at once. In this paper, a method that used a drone to measure the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was proposed. The suggested method consisted of two LiDAR sets mounted on the drone, with each LiDAR sensor set measuring the speed of vehicles moving in one lane; that is, estimating the speed of moving vehicles in multiple lanes was possible by moving the drone over the road. The proposed method’s performance was compared with that of existing equipment in order to measure the speed of moving vehicles using the manufactured drone. The results of the experiment, in which the speed of moving vehicles was measured, showed that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the first lane and the second lane was 3.30 km/h and 2.27 km/h, respectively. The vehicle detection rate was 100% in the first lane. In the second lane, the vehicle detection rate was 94.12%, but the vehicle was not detected twice in the experiment. The average vehicle detection rate is 97.06%. Compared with the existing measurement system, the multi-lane moving vehicle speed measurement method that used the drone developed in this study reduced the risk of accidents, increased the convenience of movement, and measured the speed of vehicles moving in multiple lanes using a drone. In addition, it was more efficient than current measurement systems because it allowed an accurate measurement of speed in bad environmental conditions.

scholarly journals A NEW APPROACH TO HIGHWAY LANE DETECTION BY USING HOUGH TRANSFORM TECHNIQUE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Shazwani Aminuddin ◽  
Masrullizam Mat Ibrahim ◽  
Nursabillilah Mohd Ali ◽  
Syafeeza Ahmad Radzi ◽  
Wira Hidayat Mohd Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hough Transform ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Night Time ◽  
The Road ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Width Measurements

This paper presents the development of a road lane detection algorithm using image processing techniques. This algorithm is developed based on dynamic videos, which are recorded using on-board cameras installed in vehicles for Malaysian highway conditions. The recorded videos are dynamic scenes of the background and the foreground, in which the detection of the objects, presence on the road area such as vehicles and road signs are more challenging caused by interference from background elements such as buildings, trees, road dividers and other related elements or objects. Thus, this algorithm aims to detect the road lanes for three significant parameter operations; vanishing point detection, road width measurements, and Region of Interest (ROI) of the road area, for detection purposes. The techniques used in the algorithm are image enhancement and edges extraction by Sobel filter, and the main technique for lane detection is a Hough Transform. The performance of the algorithm is tested and validated by using three videos of highway scenes in Malaysia with normal weather conditions, raining and a night-time scene, and an additional scene of a sunny rural road area. The video frame rate is 30fps with dimensions of 720p (1280x720) HD pixels. In the final achievement analysis, the test result shows a true positive rate, a TP lane detection  average rate of 0.925 and the capability to be used in the final application implementation.  

Non-contact respiratory monitoring using impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar against nocturnal polysomnography

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. S188
Author(s):  
S. Kang ◽  
D.-K. Kim ◽  
Y. Lee ◽  
Y.-H. Lim ◽  
J. Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Radio ◽  
Respiratory Monitoring ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Wideband Radar ◽  
Nocturnal Polysomnography

scholarly journals Non-contact diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea using impulse-radio ultra-wideband radar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Kang ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Yonggu Lee ◽  
Young-Hyo Lim ◽  
Hyun-Kyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Impulse Radio ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Wideband Radar

Analysis of Dynamic Load Level of High-Speed Heavy Vehicle Imposed on Uneven Pavement

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Guo He Guo ◽  
Yu Feng Bai ◽  
Tao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Factor Interaction

Based on the significant destructive effect of heavy vehicle on uneven roads, two simplified models of pavement unevenness and vehicle dynamic load were established in accordance with D'A lembert principle, and Matlab software was used to analyze the changing law of dynamic load under the conditions of different road unevenness, vehicle speed and load. The results show that vehicles running on uneven road may produce more cumulative damages than static load, and DLC (dynamic load coefficient) changes in wide range, maximum up to 2.0 or more; the effect of speed and load on dynamic load is complex, and due to multi-factor interaction, DLC doesn’t consistently increase or decrease with speed and load increasing. Although the dynamic load level caused by high-speed heavy vehicle is not necessarily too high, its impact on the road can not be ignored.

FAST LANE DETECTION USING DIRECTION KERNEL FUNCTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250017 ◽  
Author(s):  
YIMING NIE ◽  
BIN DAI ◽  
XIANGJING AN ◽  
ZHENPING SUN ◽  
TAO WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Function ◽  
Lane Detection ◽  
Vanishing Point ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Lighting ◽  
Lane Tracking ◽  
Lane Marking ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Fast Lane

The lane information is essential to the highway intelligent vehicle applications. The direct description of the lanes is lane markings. Many vision methods have been proposed for lane markings detection. But in practice there are some problems to be solved by previous lane tracking systems such as shadows on the road, lighting changes, characters on the road and discontinuous changes in road types. Direction kernel function is proposed for robust detection of the lanes. This method focuses on selecting points on the markings edge by classification. During the classifying, the vanishing point is selected and the parts of the lane marking could form the lanes. The algorithm presented in this paper is proved to be both robust and fast by a large amount of experiments in variable occasions, besides, the algorithm can extract the lanes even in some parts of lane markings missing occasions.

Effects of Speed Bumps and Humps on Motorcycle Speed Profiles

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wichuda Satiennam ◽  
Thaned Satiennam ◽  
Pornsiri Urapa ◽  
Tussawan Phacharoen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
The Road ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Before And After ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Speed Humps

In developed countries, the use of speed humps and bumps have evolved from extensive research and testing which been properly designed and standardized. On the contrary in developing countries, no systematic and scientific studies have been carried out on that environment, especially the study on the effects that the motorcyclists response to the humps and bumps. This study therefore reveals the riders behavior when negotiating their speed to the devices. A case study was conducted in the provincial cities of Thailand where the motorcycle was a major mode of transportation. Six locations with speed humps and bumps were selected. Vehicles passing times were simultaneously recorded at 12 points along each traffic calmed link. From these data, a speed profile for each individual vehicle and for a link could be derived. It is found that speed humps and bumps have critically different impacts on motorcycle rider and passenger car driver. The smaller size speed bumps could effectively control the rider speed but have diverse impacts on the driver. These speed differences could post more safety deficiency to the site. The effect of the device on riders behavior, however, is restricted to a short spatial range (about 20-30 m before and after the device). For the speed humps, the motorcycle speeds are quite varied depending mainly on the road terrain. It is found that the motorcyclists have significant lower acceleration rate on the upgrade terrain when compared to the passenger car. Therefore, it is important to take all these rider characteristics into considerations when design the road humps to control vehicle speed in the developing countries.

Study on the Dynamic Wheel Load of Multi-Axle Vehicle Based on Distribute Loading Weight

2010 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Zhong Hong Dong
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Wheel Load ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Roughness ◽  
Tire Stiffness ◽  
On The Road

To study the dynamic wheel load on the road, a dynamic multi-axle vehicle mode has been developed, which is based on distribute loading weight and treats tire stiffness as the function of tire pressure and wheel load. Taking a tractor-semitrailer as representative, the influence factors and the influence law of the dynamic load were studied. It is found that the load coefficient increases with the increase of road roughness, vehicle speed and tire pressure, yet it decreases with the increase of axle load. Combining the influences of road roughness, vehicle speed, axle load and tire pressure, the dynamic load coefficient is 1.14 for the level A road, 1.19 for the level B road, 1.27 for the level C road, and 1.36 for the level D road.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTORS FOR ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY OPERATING CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 493-497
Author(s):  
M. G. Solodkaya
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Significant Factors ◽  
Road System

Traffic circulation on highways is a random process. Therefore automotive damage rate and, respectively, roads on which they are moving is subjected to regularities of random processes. Dynamic processes of vehicle-road interaction are determined to various extents by a host of factors that include road pavement evenness and characteristics of moving vehicles. For this reason the following task has been set: to reveal the most significant factors and mathematically correlate values of vehicle dynamic loads with a quality of road pavement and vehicle speed. Such task statement has not been solved adequately and this situation determines importance and novelty of the investigations in the given direction. While solving the mentioned task the investigations which have been carried out under real-life conditions and with the help of real-life objects are considered as the most reliable ones. However, preparation and execution of such experiments as needed significantly complicates their implementation. In this regard it looks rather expediential to combine a factorial experiment with the tests of a checked model while using ECM with stage-by-stage parameter fixation of working processes passing in “vehicle-road” system, comprehensive assessment pertaining to influence of the selected factors and selection of their optimum combination. Mathematical dependence has been obtained to evaluate influence of several external factors on optimization of vehicle dynamic load on the road. This component makes it possible to attain a simplified and adequate description of element interaction in “vehicle – road” system. While investigating influence of pavement irregularities on maximum dynamic loads on the road influence rate of the selected factors is determined in the following sequence: vehicle weight, pavement evenness and speed of transport facility.

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