scholarly journals Real-Time Wood Behaviour: The Use of Strain Gauges for Preventive Conservation Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Willemien Anaf ◽  
Ana Cabal ◽  
Mie Robbe ◽  
Olivier Schalm
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Varnish Layer ◽  
Preservation Conditions ◽  
Wood Surfaces ◽  
Heritage Collections

Within the heritage field, the application of strain gauges on wood surfaces is a little-explored but inexpensive and effective method to analyse the environmental appropriateness of rooms for the wooden heritage collections they contain. This contribution proposes a wood sensor connected to a data logger to identify short moments with an elevated risk of harm. Two experiments were performed to obtain insights pertaining to the applicability of wood sensors to evaluate preservation conditions. (1) The representativeness of strain gauges on dummies was tested for their use in evaluating the preservation conditions of a range of wooden objects exposed to the same environment. For this, three situations were mimicked: a bare wood surface, a wood surface covered with a preparation layer, and a wood surface covered with a preparation and varnish layer. (2) The usability of strain gauges to monitor the wood behaviour in real-time measurements was tested with a monitoring campaign of almost two years in a church where a new heating system was installed. The results of both experiments are promising, and the authors encourage a broader application of strain gauges in the heritage field.

scholarly journals Laser beam calibration for wood surface colour treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jurek ◽  
R. Wagnerová
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Power Control ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Laser Engraving ◽  
Wood Surfaces

AbstractLaser engraving of photographs on wood surfaces is a challenging task. To optimize the outcome and production quality it is necessary to control every aspect of the laser engraving process. Most of the production machines and technologies overall are mainly focused on laser power control. However, with other systems and deeper knowledge of the wood characteristics it is possible to achieve even better quality. This paper deals with enlarging the number of achievable shades of burned wood and its optimization. A calibration system was developed to control colour shades of engraved wood with a combination of laser power and optic focus. With this approach it is possible to widen achievable palette of engraved shades by continuous control of chemical processes of laser and wood interaction. The production is divided into wood burning and wood carbonization by variation of laser beam focus.

scholarly journals Magnetron Sputtering Construction of Nano-Al Metallized Wood and Its Functional Research

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1564
Author(s):  
Yanan Wang ◽  
Chengzhu Jin ◽  
Xinyi Wang ◽  
Qiushuang Li ◽  
Wenxuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Al Metallization ◽  
Wood Surfaces

The magnetron sputtering method was used to deposit nano-Al film on the wood surface of Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongholica Litv., and the material structure, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties and wetting properties were tested and characterized. When the sputtering time was 60 min, the average cross-grain sheet resistance of metallized wood was 695.9 mΩ, and the average along-grain sheet resistance was 227.2 mΩ. Load displacement decreased by more than 88%,elastic modulus increased by 49.2 times, hardness increased by 46 times andsurface hydrophobic angle was close to 130°. The grain size of the Al film on the wood surface was presented as nanoparticles, and the arrangement was uniform and dense. The results indicate that without any burden on the environment, the use of magnetron sputtering can quickly and efficiently achieve Al metallization on wood surfaces, so that the wood surface can obtain conductivity and hydrophobic properties. The elastic modulus and hardness of the wood surface were improved, the mechanical properties of the wood were effectively improved and the functional improvement of the wood was realized. This study provides a feasible method and basis for the study of the simple, efficient and pollution-free modification of wood.

scholarly journals DATA LOGGER DAN PENGONTROL TEMPERATUR OTOMATIS PADA PEMANAS AIR (HEATER)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nurul Puji
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Air Heater ◽  
Real Time Data

Pengaturan temperatur (atau besaran fisis lain) banyak dijumpai di lapangan sebagai pengondisi supaya system bekerja pada parameter ukur yang telah ditetapkan. Pengaturan besaran fisis bisa dilakukan dengan mendapatkan nilai dari parameter ukur dengan menggunakan sensor dan diolah sehingga hasil yang diperoleh tersebut dapat dipergunakan untuk mengontrol besaran yang diinginkan melalui aktuator. Pada artikel ini dibuat suatu sistem yang berfungsi sebagai data logger dan pengontrol temperatur pada pemanas air (heater) secara otomatis dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler dan LabVIEW sebagai pengolah dan penyajian datanya. Besaran fisis temperatur diperoleh dengan menggunakan sensor LM35. Kemudian LabVIEW dan mikrokontroler akan berkomunikasi untuk pengambilan data sehingga data temperatur tersebut bisa ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik secara real time. Data ini kemudian diproses oleh LabVIEW untuk dibandingkan dengan nilai temperatur yang dikehendaki sehingga LabVIEW akan mengontrol pemanas melalui sebuah relay sebagai aktuatornya. Relay akan ON pada saat temperatur berada di bawah batas bawah temperatur yang diset sebelumnya dan akan OFF apabila temperatur lebih tinggi daripada batas atas temperatur yang telah diset sebelumnya. Sehingga temperatur pemanas akan stabil pada temperatur yang dikehendaki.

scholarly journals Desain Data Logger Sensor Suhu Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega16 dengan Empat Kanal Input

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Rismawati Rismawati ◽  
Muhammad Sadli
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Text Document

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan membuat sistem data logger sensor suhu berbasis mikrokontroler ATMega16 dengan empat kanal input. Rangkaian dibangun menggunakan mikrokontroler ATMega16 yang dilengkapi dengan empat sensor suhu LM35, sebuah LCD sebagai penampil data, dan sebuah modul USB sebagai pengirim data dari modul mikrokontroler ke komputer. Sistem data logger ini dapat menyimpan data hasil pengukuran secara real time setiap detik, dengan format text document (*.txt) dan Microsoft excel (*.xls). Tahapan eksperimen mulai dari perancangan, pembuatan, sampai pengujian sistem Data Logger. Informasi data suhu ditampilkan pada LCD dalam derajat celsius, dan grafik ditampilkan pada layar monitor komputer. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, sensor suhu LM35 dapat mengukur suhu dari 0°C sampai dengan 100°C, dengan akurasi pembacaan suhu sebesar 99,49%.

Design and development of a tablet based real time wireless data logger

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Wei Siew ◽  
Chen How Wong ◽  
Shee Eng Tan ◽  
Hou Pin Yoong ◽  
Kenneth Tze Kin Teo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Wireless Data ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Design And Development

scholarly journals Sistem Monitoring Frekuensi Denyut Nadi pada Pelari Menggunakan Metode Photoplethysmographic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255
Author(s):  
Asih Setiarini ◽  
Mahatma Widya Laksana ◽  
Basuki Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Android Application ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Organized Sport ◽  
Pulse Sensor ◽  
The World ◽  
Error Of Measurement

<p class="Abstract">Lari merupakan olahraga yang efektif untuk membakar kalori. Namun, olahraga ini mempunyai dampak negatif bagi pelari yang mampu memicu serangan jantung sehingga dibutuhkan alat kesehatan untuk mendeteksi frekuensi denyut nadi saat berlari. Tujuan penelitian ini merancang sistem monitoring frekuensi denyut nadi secara real time pada pelari dengan menggunakan easily plugin pulse sensor berbasis photoplethysmographic. Sensor tersebut terdiri atas transmitter dan receiver infrared yang dipasang pada ujung jari tengah yang mana melalui jaringan kulit mampu mendeteksi volume darah. Fitur buzzer digunakan sebagai alarm jika denyut jantung mencapai 170 Beat Per Minute (BPM). Alat ini juga dilengkapi dengan aplikasi Android yang memudahkan pihak lain memonitoring keadaan denyut nadi pelari. Bluetooth HC-05 sebagai modul komunikasi data antara Arduino dan Android. Alat yang dirancang memiliki error maksimum sebesar 0,73% berdasarkan data percobaan dari 5 partisipan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, sistem monitoring frekuensi denyut nadi secara real time mampu mendeteksi serangan jantung saat berlari dan adanya fitur data logger digunakan untuk rekap medis keadaan frekuensi denyut jantung saat berlari tanpa menggunakan aplikasi smartphone Android.</p><p class="Abstract"> </p><p class="Abstract"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Running is the most popular workout around the world, because the most accessible, the cheapest and organized sport. However, running is dangerous in people suffering from heart disease. Hence, the medical device to detect heart failure for runners is required. In this paper, a monitoring system and data logger for detecting heart pulse by using easily plugin pulse sensor heart beat and its implementation for runners is newly proposed. The proposed method of sensor to detect the heart beat by using Photoplesthymograph principle. The sensor consists of transmitter and receiver infrared through to skin tissue to detect the blood volume. Different to previous work, the proposed device can be real time to monitor runners while running and have alarm when their heart beat reach 170 BPM. This device is also equipped with an Android application that facilitate other parties to monitor the runner’s heart beat. By using OMRON HEM-7203 as comparison devices, the rate error of measurement result is 0,086% within 5 participans. The proposed device is suitable for heart pulse monitoring system for runners in real time to reduce the heart attack while running.</em><em> </em></p><p class="Abstract"><em><strong><br /></strong></em></p>

scholarly journals Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-1013
Author(s):  
Tjaša Rijavec
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Conjugated Polyenes ◽  
Heritage Collections

Museums and galleries house increasingly large collections of objects and contemporary art made of plastic materials, many of which undergo rapid material change. The main degradation processes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are elimination of HCl and plasticizer migration or leaching. This results in visible discolouration, stickiness and cracking. Degradation is known to be a multi-stage process that includes HCl elimination, formation of conjugated polyenes and cross-linking. Elimination of HCl begins due to structural irregularities (allylic and tertiary chlorides) and results in the formation of polyenes. When at least 7 conjugated double bonds are present, discolouration of PVC becomes visible. Non-invasive techniques, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy are used for polymer identification and plasticizer quantification. Plasticizer degradation and particularly the late stages of PVC degradation can be investigated using SEC, GC-MS, TGA and DSC. Studies in heritage collections have revealed that, apart from HCl, PVC objects emit 2-ethylhexanol and other volatile degradation products, however, there is currently no indication that HCl is emitted at usual indoor conditions. There seems to be a general lack of systematic research into PVC degradation at the conditions of storage and display, which could result in the development of dose-response functions and in the development of preventive conservation guidelines for the management of PVC collections.

scholarly journals Perancangan Real Time Monitoring Temperatur Berbasis Mikrokontroler Untuk Sistem Trip Otomatis Motor Listrik 3 (Tiga) Fasa Fibre Cyclone di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sungai Bengkal Jambi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanifadinna Hanifadinna
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Set Point

Motor listrik merupakan salah satu instrumen yang memegang peranan penting dalam mengendalikan pergerakan mesin-mesin produksi di Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS). Pada PKS Sungai Bengkal Jambi, proses penggantian atau rekondisi sebuah motor listrik dengan daya 60 HP akibat overheat (terbakar) memerlukan waktu lebih dari 1 (satu) bulan. Untuk menanggulangi hal tersebut, dirancang suatu sistem kontrol tertutup yang terdiri dari sensor, indikator, kontroler, dan aktuator. Sistem dibuat dengan menggunakan sensor IC LM35 untuk mendeteksi temperatur bagian dalam motor listrik. Informasi temperatur dari sensor tersebut diterima dan diolah oleh mikrokontroler yang diprogram untuk merespon perubahan temperatur dan memberikan feedback dengan melakukan trip pada motor listrik saat temperatur operasi melebihi set point yang telah ditentukan. Setelah loop selesai, sistem akan mengaktifkan kembali motor listrik saat temperatur operasi sudah kembali normal. Feedback yang diberikan juga digunakan sebagai sistem peringatan dini (early warning system dengan menambahkan lampu indikator dan sirine pada sistem. Selain itu, mikrokontroler diprogram untuk mengkonversi perubahan temperatur dari sensor untuk diolah menjadi keluaran data digital. Semua data tersimpan dalam data logger (perekam data) dan ditampilkan secara langsung pada sevent segment display. Untuk menguji akurasi sistem, telah dilakukan pengambilan data temperatur sebanyak 30 kali melalui data logger. dan didapatkan nilai standar deviasi sebesar 0,77% dengan rentang sebesar 0,71 °C. Perbedaan hasil pengukuran jika dibandingkan dengan Termolaser adalah sebesar 0,013%.

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