scholarly journals Study on the Classification Performance of Underwater Sonar Image Classification Based on Convolutional Neural Networks for Detecting a Submerged Human Body

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huu-Thu Nguyen ◽  
Eon-Ho Lee ◽  
Sejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Sonar Image ◽  
Sonar Sensor ◽  
Sonar Images

Auto-detecting a submerged human body underwater is very challenging with the absolute necessity to a diver or a submersible. For the vision sensor, the water turbidity and limited light condition make it difficult to take clear images. For this reason, sonar sensors are mainly utilized in water. However, even though a sonar sensor can give a plausible underwater image within this limitation, the sonar image’s quality varies greatly depending on the background of the target. The readability of the sonar image is very different according to the target distance from the underwater floor or the incidence angle of the sonar sensor to the floor. The target background must be very considerable because it causes scattered and polarization noise in the sonar image. To successfully classify the sonar image with these noises, we adopted a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) such as AlexNet and GoogleNet. In preparing the training data for this model, the data augmentation on scattering and polarization were implemented to improve the classification accuracy from the original sonar image. It could be practical to classify sonar images undersea even by training sonar images only from the simple testbed experiments. Experimental validation was performed using three different datasets of underwater sonar images from a submerged body of a dummy, resulting in a final average classification accuracy of 91.6% using GoogleNet.

scholarly journals Data Augmentation and Spectral Structure Features for Limited Samples Hyperspectral Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Wenning Wang ◽  
Xuebin Liu ◽  
Xuanqin Mou
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Sample Classification ◽  
Training Samples ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Hyperspectral Classification

For both traditional classification and current popular deep learning methods, the limited sample classification problem is very challenging, and the lack of samples is an important factor affecting the classification performance. Our work includes two aspects. First, the unsupervised data augmentation for all hyperspectral samples not only improves the classification accuracy greatly with the newly added training samples, but also further improves the classification accuracy of the classifier by optimizing the augmented test samples. Second, an effective spectral structure extraction method is designed, and the effective spectral structure features have a better classification accuracy than the true spectral features.

scholarly journals Improving Image-Based Plant Disease Classification With Generative Adversarial Network Under Limited Training Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luning Bi ◽  
Guiping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Classification ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Training Dataset ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Overfitting Problem

Traditionally, plant disease recognition has mainly been done visually by human. It is often biased, time-consuming, and laborious. Machine learning methods based on plant leave images have been proposed to improve the disease recognition process. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been adopted and proven to be very effective. Despite the good classification accuracy achieved by CNNs, the issue of limited training data remains. In most cases, the training dataset is often small due to significant effort in data collection and annotation. In this case, CNN methods tend to have the overfitting problem. In this paper, Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is combined with label smoothing regularization (LSR) to improve the prediction accuracy and address the overfitting problem under limited training data. Experiments show that the proposed WGAN-GP enhanced classification method can improve the overall classification accuracy of plant diseases by 24.4% as compared to 20.2% using classic data augmentation and 22% using synthetic samples without LSR.

Classification Algorithm for Naïve Bayes Based on Validity and Correlation

2013 ◽  
Vol 303-306 ◽  
pp. 1609-1612
Author(s):  
Huai Lin Dong ◽  
Xiao Dan Zhu ◽  
Qing Feng Wu ◽  
Juan Juan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Naive Bayes Classification ◽  
The One

Naïve Bayes classification algorithm based on validity (NBCABV) optimizes the training data by eliminating the noise samples of training data with validity to improve the effect of classification, while it ignores the associations of properties. In consideration of the associations of properties, an improved method that is classification algorithm for Naïve Bayes based on validity and correlation (CANBBVC) is proposed to delete more noise samples with validity and correlation, thus resulting in better classification performance. Experimental results show this model has higher classification accuracy comparing the one based on validity solely.

scholarly journals A New Multispectral Data Augmentation Technique Based on Data Imputation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4875
Author(s):  
Álvaro Acción ◽  
Francisco Argüello ◽  
Dora B. Heras
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Matrix Completion ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Data Imputation ◽  
Imputation Methods

Deep Learning (DL) has been recently introduced into the hyperspectral and multispectral image classification landscape. Despite the success of DL in the remote sensing field, DL models are computationally intensive due to the large number of parameters they need to learn. The high density of information present in remote sensing imagery with high spectral resolution can make the application of DL models to large scenes challenging. Methods such as patch-based classification require large amounts of data to be processed during the training and prediction stages, which translates into long processing times and high energy consumption. One of the solutions to decrease the computational cost of these models is to perform segment-based classification. Segment-based classification schemes can significantly decrease training and prediction times, and also offer advantages over simply reducing the size of the training datasets by randomly sampling training data. The lack of a large enough number of samples can, however, pose an additional challenge, causing these models to not generalize properly. Data augmentation methods are used to generate new synthetic samples based on existing data to increase the classification performance. In this work, we propose a new data augmentation scheme using data imputation and matrix completion methods for segment-based classification. The proposal has been validated using two high-resolution multispectral datasets from the literature. The results obtained show that the proposed approach successfully increases the classification performance across all the scenes tested and that data imputation methods applied to multispectral imagery are a valid means to perform data augmentation. A comparison of classification accuracy between different imputation methods applied to the proposed scheme was also carried out.

scholarly journals Effects of data count and image scaling on Deep Learning training

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e312
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hirahara ◽  
Eichi Takaya ◽  
Taro Takahara ◽  
Takuya Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Bilinear Method ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Average Classification Accuracy

Background Deep learning using convolutional neural networks (CNN) has achieved significant results in various fields that use images. Deep learning can automatically extract features from data, and CNN extracts image features by convolution processing. We assumed that increasing the image size using interpolation methods would result in an effective feature extraction. To investigate how interpolation methods change as the number of data increases, we examined and compared the effectiveness of data augmentation by inversion or rotation with image augmentation by interpolation when the image data for training were small. Further, we clarified whether image augmentation by interpolation was useful for CNN training. To examine the usefulness of interpolation methods in medical images, we used a Gender01 data set, which is a sex classification data set, on chest radiographs. For comparison of image enlargement using an interpolation method with data augmentation by inversion and rotation, we examined the results of two- and four-fold enlargement using a Bilinear method. Results The average classification accuracy improved by expanding the image size using the interpolation method. The biggest improvement was noted when the number of training data was 100, and the average classification accuracy of the training model with the original data was 0.563. However, upon increasing the image size by four times using the interpolation method, the average classification accuracy significantly improved to 0.715. Compared with the data augmentation by inversion and rotation, the model trained using the Bilinear method showed an improvement in the average classification accuracy by 0.095 with 100 training data and 0.015 with 50,000 training data. Comparisons of the average classification accuracy of the chest X-ray images showed a stable and high-average classification accuracy using the interpolation method. Conclusion Training the CNN by increasing the image size using the interpolation method is a useful method. In the future, we aim to conduct additional verifications using various medical images to further clarify the reason why image size is important.

scholarly journals Adaptive Data Augmentation to Achieve Noise Robustness and Overcome Data Deficiency for Deep Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5586
Author(s):  
Eunkyeong Kim ◽  
Jinyong Kim ◽  
Hansoo Lee ◽  
Sungshin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Robot Vision ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Noise Robustness ◽  
Automatic Data ◽  
Optimal Perturbation ◽  
Training Images ◽  
Smart Factories

Artificial intelligence technologies and robot vision systems are core technologies in smart factories. Currently, there is scholarly interest in automatic data feature extraction in smart factories using deep learning networks. However, sufficient training data are required to train these networks. In addition, barely perceptible noise can affect classification accuracy. Therefore, to increase the amount of training data and achieve robustness against noise attacks, a data augmentation method implemented using the adaptive inverse peak signal-to-noise ratio was developed in this study to consider the influence of the color characteristics of the training images. This method was used to automatically determine the optimal perturbation range of the color perturbation method for generating images using weights based on the characteristics of the training images. The experimental results showed that the proposed method could generate new training images from original images, classify noisy images with greater accuracy, and generally improve the classification accuracy. This demonstrates that the proposed method is effective and robust to noise, even when the training data are deficient.

scholarly journals Effect of De-noising by Wavelet Filtering and Data Augmentation by Borderline SMOTE on the Classification of Imbalanced Datasets of Pig Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jin ◽  
Chunguang Wang ◽  
Dan Børge Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Misclassification Rate ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Imbalanced Datasets ◽  
Wavelet Filtering

Classification of imbalanced datasets of animal behavior has been one of the top challenges in the field of animal science. An imbalanced dataset will lead many classification algorithms to being less effective and result in a higher misclassification rate for the minority classes. The aim of this study was to assess a method for addressing the problem of imbalanced datasets of pigs' behavior by using an over-sampling method, namely Borderline-SMOTE. The pigs' activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer, which was mounted on the back of the pigs. Wavelet filtering and Borderline-SMOTE were both applied as methods to pre-process the dataset. A multilayer feed-forward neural network was trained and validated with 21 input features to classify four pig activities: lying, standing, walking, and exploring. The results showed that wavelet filtering and Borderline-SMOTE both lead to improved performance. Furthermore, Borderline-SMOTE yielded greater improvements in classification performance than an alternative method for balancing the training data, namely random under-sampling, which is commonly used in animal science research. However, the overall performance was not adequate to satisfy the research needs in this field and to address the common but urgent problem of imbalanced behavior dataset.

scholarly journals Data Augmentation: Using Channel-Level Recombination to Improve Classification Performance for Motor Imagery EEG

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pei ◽  
Zhiguo Luo ◽  
Ye Yan ◽  
Huijiong Yan ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Public Datasets

The quality and quantity of training data are crucial to the performance of a deep-learning-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system. However, it is not practical to record EEG data over several long calibration sessions. A promising time- and cost-efficient solution is artificial data generation or data augmentation (DA). Here, we proposed a DA method for the motor imagery (MI) EEG signal called brain-area-recombination (BAR). For the BAR, each sample was first separated into two ones (named half-sample) by left/right brain channels, and the artificial samples were generated by recombining the half-samples. We then designed two schemas (intra- and adaptive-subject schema) corresponding to the single- and multi-subject scenarios. Extensive experiments using the classifier of EEGnet were conducted on two public datasets under various training set sizes. In both schemas, the BAR method can make the EEGnet have a better performance of classification (p < 0.01). To make a comparative investigation, we selected two common DA methods (noise-added and flipping), and the BAR method beat them (p < 0.05). Further, using the proposed BAR for augmentation, EEGnet achieved up to 8.3% improvement than a typical decoding algorithm CSP-SVM (p < 0.01), note that both the models were trained on the augmented dataset. This study shows that BAR usage can significantly improve the classification ability of deep learning to MI-EEG signals. To a certain extent, it may promote the development of deep learning technology in the field of BCI.

scholarly journals Improved COVID-19 detection using data augmentation Deep Convolution GAN and classifier DenseNet.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debmitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Training Data ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Images

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is considered to be the cause of Coronavirus (COVID-19) which is a viral disease. The rapid spread of COVID-19 is having a detrimental effect on the global economy and health. A chest X-ray of infected patients can be considered as a crucial step in the battle against COVID-19. On retrospections, it is found that abnormalities exist in chest X-rays of patients suggestive of COVID-19. This sparked the introduction of a variety of deep learning systems and studies which have shown that the accuracy of COVID-19 patient detection through the use of chest X-rays is strongly optimistic. Although there are certain shortcomings like deep learning networks like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) need a substantial amount of training data but the outbreak is recent, so it is large datasets of radiographic images of the COVID-19 infected patients are not available in such a short time. Here, in this research, we present a method to generate synthetic chest X-ray (CXR) images by developing a Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial Network-based model. In addition, we demonstrate that the synthetic images produced from DCGAN can be utilized to enhance the performance of CNN for COVID-19 detection. Classification using CNN alone yielded 85% accuracy. Although there are several models available, we chose MobileNet as it is a lightweight deep neural network, with fewer parameters and higher classification accuracy. Here we are using a deep neural network-based model to diagnose COVID-19 infected patients through radiological imaging of 5,859 Chest X-Ray images. We are using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network and a pre-trained model “DenseNet 121” for two new label classes (COVID-19 and Normal). To improve the classification accuracy, in our work we have further reduced the number of network parameters by introducing dense blocks that are proposed in DenseNets into MobileNet. By adding synthetic images produced by DCGAN, the accuracy increased to 97%. Our goal is to use this method to speed up COVID-19 detection and lead to more robust systems of radiology.

Imbalanced Support Vector Machine Classification Based on Hyper-Sphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 384-388
Author(s):  
Cun He Li ◽  
Rui Xue Chen ◽  
Yi Zhao Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Classification Rate ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Selection Technique ◽  
Unbalanced Classification

In classification, when the distribution of the training data between classes is uneven, the learning algorithm is generally dominated by the feature of the majority classes. Features in the minority classes are normally difficult to be fully recognized. Hyper-sphere support vector machine is an important method for unbalanced classification which is an important issue, but this algorithm has a defect. In order to significantly improve the classification performance of imbalanced datasets, we propose a new method based on Generalized Hyper-sphere Support Vector Machine to enhance the classification accuracy for the minority classes. Support vector machine (SVM) is then used as the base classifier to train the reprocessed dataset. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed selection technique improves the classification rate of the rare events, and it also improves the overall accuracy of SVM without data pre-processing.

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