scholarly journals Vision-Based Sensor for Three-Dimensional Vibrational Motion Detection in Biological Cell Injection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Sadak ◽  
Mozafar Saadat ◽  
Amir Hajiyavand
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Lateral Vibration ◽  
Vibrational Motion ◽  
Vibration Displacement ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
Visual Sensing ◽  
Egg Injection

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an infertility treatment where a single sperm is immobilised and injected into the egg using a glass injection pipette. Minimising vibration in three orthogonal axes is essential to have precise injector motion and full control during the egg injection procedure. Vibration displacement sensing using physical sensors in ICSI operation is challenging since the sensor interfacing is not practically feasible. This study proposes a non-invasive technique to measure the three-dimensional vibrational motion of the injection pipette by a single microscope camera during egg injection. The contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CHALE) method and blob analyses technique were employed to measure the vibration displacement in axial and lateral axes, while the actual dimension of the focal axis was directly measured using the Brenner gradient algorithm as a focus measurement algorithm. The proposed algorithm operates between the magnifications range of 4× to 40× with a resolution of half a pixel. Experiments using the proposed vision-based algorithm were conducted to measure and verify the vibration displacement in axial and lateral axes at various magnifications. The results were compared against manual procedures and the differences in measurements were up to 2% among all magnifications. Additionally, the effect of injection speed on lateral vibration displacement was measured experimentally and was used to determine the values for egg deformation, force fluctuation, and penetration force. It was shown that increases in injection speed significantly increases the lateral vibration displacement of the injection pipette by as much as 54%. It has been demonstrated successfully that visual sensing has played a key role in identifying the limitation of the egg injection speed created by lateral vibration displacement of the injection pipette tip.

scholarly journals Heating source localization in a reduced time

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Beddiaf ◽  
Laurent Autrique ◽  
Laetitia Perez ◽  
Jean-Claude Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Conjugate Gradient ◽  
Regularization Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Iterative Regularization ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Reduced Time

Abstract Inverse three-dimensional heat conduction problems devoted to heating source localization are ill posed. Identification can be performed using an iterative regularization method based on the conjugate gradient algorithm. Such a method is usually implemented off-line, taking into account observations (temperature measurements, for example). However, in a practical context, if the source has to be located as fast as possible (e.g., for diagnosis), the observation horizon has to be reduced. To this end, several configurations are detailed and effects of noisy observations are investigated.

scholarly journals Dynamical behavior of coal shearer under the influence of multiple factors in slant-cutting conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Yang ◽  
Xianfeng Zou ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Hongyue Chen ◽  
Yajing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Vibration Displacement ◽  
Flexible Beams ◽  
Swing Angle ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Working Parameters

AbstractAiming at the problem of severe vibration and abnormal wear and tear of various components in coal shearer under slant-cutting conditions, a non-linear dynamics model with 13 degrees of freedom for a coal shearer under slant-cutting conditions is developed using vibration mechanics and multi-body dynamics theory, and the characteristics of the slide shoes-middle groove contact, the ranging arm-haulage unit connection with gaps and the guidance sliding boots-pin rail multi-surface contact with gaps are described based on three-dimensional fractal theory and Hertz contact theory. Based on Huco's law, the ranging arm and the hydraulic rod are assumed to be flexible beams, the rigidity characteristics of the ranging arm itself, the connection characteristics of the haulage unit and the fuselage are described, a drum correction load with a traction speed correction factor is proposed as the external excitation of the system, and the model is solved and analyzed. The research results show that the change of traction speed has a greater influence on the vibration swing angle and displacement of the front drum, front ranging arm and front walking unit, and the vibration swing angle and displacement of the three increase with the increase of traction speed, while the change of coalface hardness coefficient has less influence on the vibration displacement of the key components of the coal shearer. Under the working parameters of v = 3 m/min and f = 3, the swing angle and displacement of the front ranging arm and front drum fluctuate in the ranges of − 0.4–0.1 rad and – 15–15 mm respectively; the vibration acceleration is – 300–300 rad/s2 and – 200–200 mm/s2 respectively, the main vibration frequencies are 16.63 Hz and 12.14 Hz respectively, and finally the results are verified by experimental methods.

scholarly journals Phase gradient algorithm method for three-dimensional holographic ladar imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason W. Stafford ◽  
Bradley D. Duncan ◽  
David J. Rabb
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Gradient Algorithm ◽  
Phase Gradient

scholarly journals Transoral Endoscopic Head and Neck Surgery and Its Role Within the Multidisciplinary Treatment Paradigm of Oropharynx Cancer: Robotics, Lasers, and Clinical Trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29) ◽  
pp. 3285-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christopher Holsinger ◽  
Robert L. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Multidisciplinary Treatment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Head And Neck Surgery ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Treatment Paradigm

Transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery is a new approach for the treatment of oropharyngeal tumors. Using either a robotic system and/or laser, surgeons gain access through the mouth via minimally invasive technique and thus have improved visualization of the tumors of the oropharynx, without disfiguring incisions. This transoral route of access minimizes long-term speech and swallowing dysfunction. Surgeons view this approach as a considerable technologic advance, analogous to the evolution in radiation therapy from conventional two- and three-dimensional conformal techniques to intensity-modulated techniques. Although the use of radiation with or without chemotherapy to treat oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is supported by evidence from prospective clinical trials, there are no prospective data supporting the use of this new surgical approach for OPC. Here, we review the fundamentals of transoral endoscopic head and neck surgery, with robotics and laser technology, and discuss ongoing clinical trials for patients with OPC.

3-D Video Enhancemnt Based on Histogram Equalization and Edge Sharpening

2013 ◽  
Vol 333-335 ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Min Qiu ◽  
Shi Hong Chen ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stereo Vision ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Video Mode ◽  
Equalization Method ◽  
Edge Sharpening

With the development of stereo vision, much more attention has paid from two-dimensional to three-dimensional (3-D) spaces, research on 3-D image/video becomes an inevitable trend presently. We present a novel research field that focused on the enhancement of 3-D videos, using two different 3-D videos and enhancing them with histogram equalization and edge sharpening algorithms. And we utilize the subjective assessment in the experiments. The experimental results show that the edge sharpening method has better effect than the histogram equalization method in 3-D video mode. But we also find some problems that both methods have blurred edges.

An evaluation of ultrasound localisation for verification of external beam radiotherapy to the prostate

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
J. Richards
Keyword(s):  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Portal Imaging ◽  
Image Guided Radiotherapy ◽  
Image Guided ◽  
Electronic Portal Imaging ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Accurate Treatment

The recent advent of highly conformal three-dimensional radiotherapy techniques and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy now allows higher radiation doses to be delivered. It is well-documented that the prostate is susceptible to both interfraction and intrafraction movements due to various physiological processes. Therefore there has been a recent general consensus that good immobilisation and electronic portal imaging is no longer sufficient to ensure accurate treatment verification. This idea has led to the concept of image-guided radiotherapy, which includes modalities such as cone-beam computed tomography and ultrasound to localise the prostate prior to treatment.There has been considerable research undertaken to determine the effectiveness of each of the image guided modalities and these studies have identified the benefit and limitations of each modality. Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique using a suprapubic ultrasound probe, which seems to be quite promising in terms of cost and time. However until large scales studies are performed which demonstrate the value of using ultrasound localisation, as an alternative to electronic portal imaging, it is likely that current practice will remain unchanged.

scholarly journals Complications and Avoidance in Neurointerventional Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 090-095
Author(s):  
Girish Rajpal ◽  
Noufal Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
Minimally Invasive Technique ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Vascular Neurosurgery ◽  
2D Images

AbstractBecause neurointerventional surgery is a minimally invasive technique does not mean that it is qualified for complication-free procedures. Rather working about 2 m away from the three-dimensional (3D) target lesion and looking at two-dimensional (2D) images makes it one of the most complication-prone subspecialties. Advancement in hardwares, techniques, and technologies with continuous ability to learn and modify accordingly can only keep the complication rate low as compared with traditional vascular neurosurgery.

New technical developments in cardiac CT

2015 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Stephan Achenbach
Keyword(s):  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Coronary Ct Angiography ◽  
Cardiac Ct ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Luminal Narrowing

Computed tomography (CT), in the context of cardiac imaging, faces numerous challenges. The heart is a complex, three-dimensional organ, which moves very rapidly and has small dimensions. Especially the coronary arteries, the main target of cardiac CT imaging, are difficult to visualize by any non-invasive technique. Technology progress has made the use of CT for cardiac and coronary diagnosis possible. For selected applications, including ruling out coronary artery stenoses in low-risk individuals, CT has become a clinical tool. The technical progress of cardiac CT, and especially coronary CT angiography, is continuous and rapid. One major aim is to improve image quality and broaden the applicability of coronary CT angiography, while at the same time achieving lower radiation doses. The other major aim is to extract more than purely anatomic information out of the dataset and to complement the information in luminal narrowing with information on downstream ischaemia.

A New Catheter for Tumor Targeting With Radioactive Microspheres in Representative Hepatic Artery Systems. Part I: Impact of Catheter Presence on Local Blood Flow and Microsphere Delivery

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kleinstreuer ◽  
C. A. Basciano ◽  
E. M. Childress ◽  
A. S. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radioactive Microspheres ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Catheter Position ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injection Speed ◽  
90Y Microspheres

Building on previous studies in which the transport and targeting of 90Y microspheres for liver tumor treatment were numerically analyzed based on medical data sets, this two-part paper discusses the influence of an anchored, radially adjustable catheter on local blood flow and microsphere delivery in an idealized hepatic artery system (Part I). In Part II a patient-inspired case study with necessary conditions for optimal targeting of radioactive microspheres (i.e., yttrium 90) onto liver tumors is presented. A new concept of optimal catheter positioning is introduced for selective targeting of two daughter-vessel exits potentially connected to liver tumors. Assuming laminar flow in rigid blood vessels with an anchored catheter in three controlled positions, the transient three-dimensional (3D) transport phenomena were simulated employing user-enhanced engineering software. The catheter position as well as injection speed and delivery function may influence fluid flow and particle transport. Although the local influences of the catheter may not be negligible, unique cross-sectional particle release zones exist, with which selectively the new controlled targeting methodology would allow optimal microsphere delivery. The insight gained from this analysis paves the way for improved design and testing of a smart microcatheter (SMC) system as well as new investigations leading to even more successful treatment with 90Y microspheres or combined internal radiation and chemotherapy.

Dynamic Modelling of Horizontal Shafts With Annular Surface Contact and Friction: Application to Oilwell Drilling

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mejbahul Sarker ◽  
D. Geoff Rideout ◽  
Stephen D. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Lateral Vibration ◽  
Horizontal Section ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Bottom Hole Assembly ◽  
Friction Dynamics

Lateral whirl vibrations in long sections of horizontal oilwell drillstrings, which are essentially enclosed shafts lying on the low side of the wellbore, are potentially destructive to the bit, pipes and downhole tools. Forward or backward whirl can lead to impact with the borehole, and stick slip and bit bounce can cause tool joint failure, twist-off, and bit damage. A complete deviated drillstring has been modelled by having decoupled axial and torsional segments for the vertical and curved portions, and nonlinear three-dimensional multibody segments with lateral vibration in the final horizontal section ending at the bit. The model can predict how axial and torsional bit-rock reactions are propagated to the surface, and the role that lateral vibration near the bit plays in exciting those vibrations and stressing components in the bottom-hole-assembly. The proposed model includes the mutual dependence of these vibrations, which arises due to bit-rock interaction and friction dynamics between the drillstring and wellbore wall.

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