scholarly journals Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL) A Dynamic Communication Threshold for Mobile Sink in Wireless Sensor Network

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Thomson ◽  
Isam Wadhaj ◽  
Zhiyuan Tan ◽  
Ahmed Al-Dubai
Keyword(s):  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Random Environments ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Duty Cycling ◽  
Interference Range

The hotspot issue in wireless sensor networks, with nodes nearest the sink node losing energy fastest and degrading network lifetime, is a well-referenced problem. Mobile sink nodes have been proposed as a solution to this. They do not completely remove the hotspot problem though, with nodes the sink passes most closely still expending more energy than others. This study proposes a lightweight algorithm, located in the media access control (MAC) layer of static nodes and utilising knowledge of predictable sink node mobility. This is in order to create a dynamic communication threshold between static nodes and the sink, within which static nodes awaken, lessening competition for sink communication between nodes. In utilising predictable mobility and factors already known to the static node, such as location and interference range, there is no need for energy-consuming messaging. Analysis and simulation results, tested on a lightweight implementation of a carrier-sense multiple-access-based MAC protocol, show a significant improvement in energy consumption in both controlled and random environments, with frame delivery improved to the point where sink speed is negated. This is when compared to the existing duty cycling approach.

scholarly journals Efficient RTS and CTS Mechanism Which Save Time and System Resources

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Bahaa Kareem Mohammed ◽  
Saif Ali Alsaidi ◽  
Raad Farhood Chisab ◽  
Haider Alrikabi
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Control Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Distributed Coordination ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Interference Range ◽  
Constant Bit Rate ◽  
Coordination Function ◽  
The Given

It is a well-known fact that the forthcoming names are distinctively different: interference range, career sense, and transmission. The given paper reveals the underlying study of disengagement of a request to send (RTS)/ clear to send (CTS) dialog. It was basically adopted under the influence of both; the presence of distributed coordination function of IEEE 802.11 and a sub-layer protocol which is called media access control (MAC) protocol. The demonstration was seen when applying a type of traffic flows such as Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and besides User Datagram Protocol (UDP). When these are applied the output performance in term of throughput shows a very linear topology configuration of the network. To sum up, a new RTS /CTS mechanism was proposed based on the results obtained from the above suggestions. The detailing for the new mechanism showed that a terminal node will be responsible for deciding if it is authorized to use an RTS/CTS protocol dialog to send one of its packets or not. Needless to say, this process will be dynamic in nature.

scholarly journals A mobility aware duty cycling and preambling solution for wireless sensor network with mobile sink node

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Thomson ◽  
Isam Wadhaj ◽  
Zhiyuan Tan ◽  
Ahmed Al-Dubai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Duty Cycling ◽  
Average Energy Consumption

AbstractUtilising the mobilisation of a sink node in a wireless sensor network to combat the energy hole, or hotspot issue, is well referenced. However, another issue, that of energy spikes may remain. With the mobile sink node potentially communicating with some nodes more than others. In this study we propose the Mobility Aware Duty Cycling and Dynamic Preambling Algorithm (MADCaDPAL). This algorithm utilises an existing solution where a communication threshold is built between a mobile sink node using predictable mobility and static nodes on its path. MADCaDPAL bases decisions relating to node sleep function, moving to clear channel assessment and the subsequent sending of preambles on the relation between the threshold built by the static node and the position of the mobile sink node. MADCaDPAL achieves a reduction in average energy consumption of up to 80%, this when used in conjunction with a lightweight carrier-sense multiple access based MAC implementation. Maximum energy consumption amongst individual nodes is also brought closer to the average, reducing energy spikes and subsequently improving network lifetime. Additionally, frame delivery to the sink is improved overall.

Mobile Sink with Mobile Agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1035-1047
Author(s):  
Rachana Borawake-Satao ◽  
Rajesh Shardanand Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Efficient Data ◽  
Efficient Data Collection

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been drawing considerable attention and discussion in recent years due to its potential applications in various fields. In modern applications for future internet the MSN (Mobile Sensor Network) is a key factor. Mobility allows the applications of Wireless Sensor Network to be compatible with IoT (Internet of Things) applications. As mobility enhances capability of the network it also affects the performance of the network at each layer. In recent years the various methodologies are proposed to handle mobility. Most of them use mobility for efficient data collection in WSNs. The purpose of this paper is to study effects of mobility on various performance parameters of the network and to explore the effective techniques to handle mobility in network. This paper proposes Mobile Sink with Mobile Agent mobility model for WSN which will increase the lifetime of the network using sink and agent node mobility.

Mobile Sink with Mobile Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachana Borawake-Satao ◽  
Rajesh Shardanand Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Network ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Node Mobility ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Efficient Data

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has been drawing considerable attention and discussion in recent years due to its potential applications in various fields. In modern applications for future internet the MSN (Mobile Sensor Network) is a key factor. Mobility allows the applications of Wireless Sensor Network to be compatible with IoT (Internet of Things) applications. As mobility enhances capability of the network it also affects the performance of the network at each layer. In recent years the various methodologies are proposed to handle mobility. Most of them use mobility for efficient data collection in WSNs. The purpose of this paper is to study effects of mobility on various performance parameters of the network and to explore the effective techniques to handle mobility in network. This paper proposes Mobile Sink with Mobile Agent mobility model for WSN which will increase the lifetime of the network using sink and agent node mobility.

scholarly journals Virus Propagation in Wireless Sensor Networks with Media Access Control Mechanism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lurong Jiang ◽  
Qiaoyu Xu ◽  
Hangyi Pan ◽  
Yanyun Dai ◽  
Jijun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Access Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
The Media

In wireless sensor networks, network security against virus propagation is one of the challenges with the applications. In severe cases, the network system may become paralyzed. In order to study the process of virus propagation in wireless sensor networks with the media access control mechanism, this paper uses the susceptible-infectious-removed (SIR) model to analyze the spreading process. It provides a theoretical basis for the development of virus immune mechanisms to solve network virus attack hidden dangers. The research shows that the media access control (MAC) mechanism in the wireless sensor network can inhibit the process of virus propagation, reduce the network virus propagating speed, and decrease the scale of infected nodes. The listen/sleep duty cycle of this mechanism will affect the suppression effect of virus propagation. The smaller the listen/sleep duty cycle, the stronger the suppression effect. Energy consumption has a peak value under specific infection probability. Meanwhile, it is also found that the spreading scale of the virus in wireless sensor networks can be effectively inhibited by the MAC mechanism.

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