scholarly journals Directional Modulation-Enhanced Multiple Antenna Arrays for Secure and Precise Wireless Transmission

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM) technique has the ability to enhance the physical layer security (PLS) of wireless communications. Conventional DM schemes are usually based on a single antenna array with the basic assumption that eavesdroppers (Eves) and legitimate users (LUs) are in different directions. However, it is possible that Eves are in the same direction as LUs in practical applications. As a result, signals received by Eves will be approximately the same or even in better quality than those received by LUs. To address the neighbor security issue, we introduce a multiple antenna arrays model at the transmitter side with the help of the artificial noise (AN)-aided DM technique to achieve secure and precise DM transmission in this paper. Meanwhile, to recover the mixed useful signals, two novel DM schemes based on single- and multi-carrier multiple antenna arrays model are proposed, respectively. In addition, the symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and robustness performance of the proposed DM schemes were analyzed and simulated. Simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed DM schemes and demonstrate that multiple antenna arrays model based DM methods outperform single antenna array model aided DM methods in security.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5396
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that (1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; (2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and (3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that 1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; 2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and 3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

scholarly journals Secrecy analysis of short-packet transmissions in ultra-reliable and low-latency communications

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua He ◽  
Guangheng Zhao ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
Lei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power Allocation ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Outage Probability ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Error Probabilities ◽  
Short Packet ◽  
Allocation Factor

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the secrecy performance of short-packet transmissions in ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). We consider the scenario where a multi-antenna source communicates with a single-antenna legitimate receiver requiring ultra-high reliability and low latency, in the presence of a single-antenna eavesdropper. In order to safeguard URLLC, the source transmits the artificial noise (AN) signal together with the confidential signal to confuse the eavesdropper. We adopt a lower bound on the maximal secrecy rate as the secrecy performance metric for short-packet transmissions in URLLC, which takes the target decoding error probabilities at the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper into account. Using this metric, we first derive a compact expression of the generalized secrecy outage probability (SOP). Then, we formally prove that the generalized SOP is a convex function with respect to the power allocation factor between the confidential signal and the AN signal. We further determine the optimal power allocation factor that minimizes the generalized SOP. The results presented in this work can be useful for designing new secure transmission schemes for URLLC.

scholarly journals Source Localization of EM Waves in the Near-Field of Spherical Antenna Array in the Presence of Unknown Mutual Coupling

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Oluwole John Famoriji ◽  
Thokozani Shongwe
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Spherical Antenna

To obtain an antenna array with isotropic radiation, spherical antenna array (SAA) is the right array configuration. The challenges of locating signals transmitted within the proximity of antenna array have been investigated considerably in the literature. However, near-field (NF) source localization of signals has hitherto not been investigated effectively using SAA in the presence of mutual coupling (MC). MC is another critical problem in antenna arrays. This paper presents an NF range and direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation technique via the direction-independent and signal invariant spherical harmonics (SH) characteristics in the presence of mutual coupling. The energy of electromagnetic (EM) signal on the surface of SAA is captured successfully using a proposed pressure interpolation approach. The DoA estimation within the NF region is then calculated via the distribution of pressure. The direction-independent and signal invariant characteristics, which are SH features, are obtained using the DoA estimates in the NF region. We equally proposed a learning scheme that uses the source activity detection and convolutional neural network (CNN) to estimate the range of the NF source via the direction-independent and signal invariant features. Considering the MC problem and using the DoA estimates, an accurate spectrum peak in the multipath situation in conjunction with MC and a sharper spectrum peak from a unique MC structure and smoothing algorithms are obtained. For ground truth performance evaluation of the SH features within the context of NF localization, a numerical experiment is conducted and measured data were used for analysis to incorporate the MC and consequently computed the root mean square error (RMSE) of the source range and NF DoA estimate. The results obtained from numerical experiments and measured data indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, these results are motivating enough for the deployment of the proposed method in practical applications.

scholarly journals Quad Sector HMSIW Tapered Slot Antenna Array for Millimeter-Wave Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1645
Author(s):  
Iftikhar Ahmed ◽  
Sultan Shoaib ◽  
Raza Ali Shah
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Printed Antenna ◽  
Single Antenna ◽  
Open Side ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Broadside Radiation ◽  
Good Agreement

In this paper, a slot antenna array based on a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) is presented, integrating a series of linearly tapered slots for wireless broadband applications in millimeter-wave frequencies. The slots are etched on the upper layer of HMSIW, which radiates the energy from the open side of HMSIW, exhibiting a near broadside radiation pattern. Two identical sets of back-to-back printed antenna arrays are cross-lap joined to form a quad sector antenna providing 360° coverage. The proposed antenna occupies a volume of 20 × 20 × 70 mm3. The measured bandwidth is 1.81 GHz (6.53%) for Voltage to Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) 3:1 from 26.8 to 28.6 GHz, while the peak measured gain and efficiency of single antenna array were 14.2 dB and 71.3%, respectively, at 27.5 GHz. Furthermore, the sidelobe level in the azimuth plane was observed to be 17.75 dB. The performance of the proposed antenna is measured, and a good agreement between simulation and measured results is observed over the frequency range of 27.5–28.35 GHz for millimeter-wave 5G applications.

scholarly journals Design of Highly Isolated Compact Antenna Array for MIMO Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiancong Huang ◽  
Yantao Yu ◽  
Lijun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
High Data ◽  
Eigenmode Analysis ◽  
Planar Array

In order to achieve very high data rates in both the uplink and downlink channels, the multiple antenna systems are used within the mobile terminal as well as the base station of the future generation of mobile networks. When implemented in a size limited platform, the multiple antenna arrays suffer from strong mutual coupling between closely spaced array elements. In this paper, a rigorous procedure for the design of a 4-port compact planar antenna array with high port isolation is presented. The proposed design involves a decoupling network consisting of reactive elements, whose values can be obtained by the method of eigenmode analysis. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed design approach in improving the port isolation of a compact four-element planar array.

Experimental Evaluation of Multiple Antenna Combining Scheme for Sequentially Switched Antenna Array Receiver

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
pp. 1132-1133
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Yamamoto ◽  
Satoru Aikawa ◽  
Satoshi Tsukamoto ◽  
Julian Webber ◽  
Tomoaki Kumagai
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Antenna ◽  
Array Receiver

scholarly journals Full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid architecture antenna arrays

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Trigka ◽  
Christos Mavrokefalidis ◽  
Kostas Berberidis
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Angle Of Arrival ◽  
Music Algorithm ◽  
Array Structures ◽  
Signal Sources

AbstractIn the context of this research work, we study the so-called problem of full snapshot reconstruction in hybrid antenna array structures that are utilized in mmWave communication systems. It enables the recovery of the snapshots that would have been obtained if a conventional (non-hybrid) uniform linear antenna array was employed. The problem is considered at the receiver side where the hybrid architecture exploits in a novel way the antenna elements of a uniform linear array. To this end, the recommended scheme is properly designed so as to be applicable to overlapping and non-overlapping architectures. Moreover, the full snapshot recoverability is addressed for two cases, namely for time-varying and constant signal sources. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the consistency between the theoretically predicted behaviors and the simulated results, and the performance of the proposed scheme in terms angle-of-arrival estimation, when compared to the conventional MUSIC algorithm and a recently proposed hybrid version of MUSIC (H-MUSIC).

scholarly journals A Graphene-Assembled Film Based MIMO Antenna Array with High Isolation for 5G Wireless Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Rongguo Song ◽  
Xiaoxiao Chen ◽  
Shaoqiu Jiang ◽  
Zelong Hu ◽  
Tianye Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Array ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
High Isolation ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Alternative Material

With the development of 5G, Internet of Things, and smart home technologies, miniaturized and compact multi-antenna systems and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays have attracted increasing attention. Reducing the coupling between antenna elements is essential to improving the performance of such MIMO antenna system. In this work, we proposed a graphene-assembled, as an alternative material rather than metal, film-based MIMO antenna array with high isolation for 5G application. The isolation of the antenna element is improved by a graphene assembly film (GAF) frequency selective surface and isolation strip. It is shown that the GAF antenna element operated at 3.5 GHz has the realized gain of 2.87 dBi. The addition of the decoupling structure improves the isolation of the MIMO antenna array to more than 10 dB and corrects the antenna radiation pattern and operating frequency. The isolation between antenna elements with an interval of 0.4λ is above 25 dB. All experimental results show that the GAF antenna and decoupling structure are efficient devices for 5G mobile communication.

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