scholarly journals Phenomic and Physiological Analysis of Salinity Effects on Lettuce

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil D. Adhikari ◽  
Ivan Simko ◽  
Beiquan Mou
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Leaf Transpiration ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

Salinity is a rising concern in many lettuce-growing regions. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is sensitive to salinity, which reduces plant biomass, and causes leaf burn and early senescence. We sought to identify physiological traits important in salt tolerance that allows lettuce adaptation to high salinity while maintaining its productivity. Based on previous salinity tolerance studies, one sensitive and one tolerant genotype each was selected from crisphead, butterhead, and romaine, as well as leaf types of cultivated lettuce and its wild relative, L. serriola L. Physiological parameters were measured four weeks after transplanting two-day old seedlings into 350 mL volume pots filled with sand, hydrated with Hoagland nutrient solution and grown in a growth chamber. Salinity treatment consisted of gradually increasing concentrations of NaCl and CaCl2 from 0 mM/0 mM at the time of transplanting, to 30 mM/15 mM at the beginning of week three, and maintaining it until harvest. Across the 10 genotypes, leaf area and fresh weight decreased 0–64% and 16–67%, respectively, under salinity compared to the control. Salinity stress increased the chlorophyll index by 4–26% in the cultivated genotypes, while decreasing it by 5–14% in the two wild accessions. Tolerant lines less affected by elevated salinity were characterized by high values of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv/Fm and instantaneous photosystem II quantum yield (QY), and lower leaf transpiration.

scholarly journals Growth and Gas Exchange Responses of Olive Tree Cuttings to Elevated CO2 Concentration under Saline Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 771A-771
Author(s):  
J.C. Melgar ◽  
J. Dunlop ◽  
J.P. Syvertsen* ◽  
F. García-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Saline Treatment ◽  
Leaf Transpiration

Physiological responses of olive cuttings of `Koroneiki' and `Picual' (Olea europaea L.) to zero or high salinity (NaCl 100 mmol·L-1) and to ambient CO2 (380 ppm) or elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentration were studied in sand culture in greenhouses. Growth parameters, net gas exchange of leaves and leaf chloride concentration were measured after two months of treatment. `Koroneiki' had significantly greater shoot growth and net assimilation of CO2 (Ac) at elevated CO2 than at ambient CO2 but this difference disappeared under salt stress. Growth and Ac of `Picual' did not respond to elevated CO2 regardless of salinity treatment. Stomatal conductance and leaf transpiration were lower at elevated CO2 such that leaf water use efficiency increased at elevated CO2 in both cultivars regardless of saline treatment. The saline treatment increased leaf chloride (Cl) concentration and reduced growth and net gas exchange responses in both cultivars. There was no difference in leaf Cl accumulation between the two varieties. At high salinity, elevated CO2 had little effect on leaf Cl implying that at least in `Koroneiki', Cl accumulation was not closely linked to water uptake.

scholarly journals Early Growth Stage Characterization and the Biochemical Responses for Salinity Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 712
Author(s):  
Md Sarowar Alam ◽  
Mark Tester ◽  
Gabriele Fiene ◽  
Magdi Ali Ahmed Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Elevated Salinity ◽  
Tolerance Indices ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Tomato Genotypes

Salinity is one of the most significant environmental stresses for sustainable crop production in major arable lands of the globe. Thus, we conducted experiments with 27 tomato genotypes to screen for salinity tolerance at seedling stage, which were treated with non-salinized (S1) control (18.2 mM NaCl) and salinized (S2) (200 mM NaCl) irrigation water. In all genotypes, the elevated salinity treatment contributed to a major depression in morphological and physiological characteristics; however, a smaller decrease was found in certain tolerant genotypes. Principal component analyses (PCA) and clustering with percentage reduction in growth parameters and different salt tolerance indices classified the tomato accessions into five key clusters. In particular, the tolerant genotypes were assembled into one cluster. The growth and tolerance indices PCA also showed the order of salt-tolerance of the studied genotypes, where Saniora was the most tolerant genotype and P.Guyu was the most susceptible genotype. To investigate the possible biochemical basis for salt stress tolerance, we further characterized six tomato genotypes with varying levels of salinity tolerance. A higher increase in proline content, and antioxidants activities were observed for the salt-tolerant genotypes in comparison to the susceptible genotypes. Salt-tolerant genotypes identified in this work herald a promising source in the tomato improvement program or for grafting as scions with improved salinity tolerance in tomato.

scholarly journals Effect of Acetaminophen (APAP) on Physiological Indicators in Lactuca sativa

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Jiri Kudrna ◽  
Frantisek Hnilicka ◽  
Jan Kubes ◽  
Pavla Vachova ◽  
Helena Hnilickova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Experimental Variant ◽  
Chronic Contamination

This study analyzes the effects of acetaminophen (APAP) as a contaminant on physiological characteristics of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.). Experiments were provided in an experimental greenhouse with semi-controlled conditions. The effect of different amounts of contaminant was evaluated by using regression analysis. Plants were grown in five concentrations of APAP: 0 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, 500 µM, and 5 mM for 14 days in two variants, acute and chronic. The obtained results show that the monitored parameters were demonstrably influenced by the experimental variant. Plants are more sensitive to chronic contamination compared to acute. Significant (p < 0.05) deviation in photosynthesis and fluorescence was observed compared to the control in different variants. The highest doses of APAP reduced the intensity of photosynthesis by a maximum of more than 31% compared to the control. A reduction of 18% was observed for the fluorescence parameters. Pronounced correlation was described between chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield mainly under APAP conditions. The amount of chlorophyll was influenced by exposure to APAP.

scholarly journals Mahameru Soybean (Glycine max) Cultivar, High Salinity Tolerant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Juwarno Juwarno ◽  
Tata Brata Suparjana ◽  
Muachiroh Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Soybean Plants

Mahameru cultivar is high salinity tolerant cultivar. The previous study result showed Mahameru cultivar could tolerate 140mM NaCl, but Cilacap Coast salinity levels often reaching 200mM NaCl. A research of salinity stress on Mahameru cultivar at 200 mM NaCl have not conducted yet. Therefore to conduct the research of Mahameru at high salinity stress to obtained high salinity tolerant soybean cultivar.   The observed variables are anatomy (epidermis thickness, the density of stomata and trichomes, palisade thickness) physiology (the dry weight of roots and canopy, the content of chlorophyll a and b) Production (whole pod, total filled pod, total empty pod, weight per one-hundred beans). The salinity treatment was 0, 50,100, 150, 200 mM NaCl given at three days before planting and twenty-one days after planting. The data of anatomy and physiology was taken at forty-five days after planting. The production data was taken when soybean plants turned brown. The result indicates that salinity affects anatomy characteristic of leaf, higher the salinity increasing epidermis thickness and the density of stomata and trichomes. Salinity affected the content of chlorophyll a and b. Higher the salinity increased the content of chlorophyll a and b. Salinity did not affect soybean production. Based on this study Mahameru cultivar is resistant to salinity up to 200 mM NaCl. The benefit of this research help to enhance national soybean production with utilization coastal land for soybean planting Mahameru cultivar.         

scholarly journals Effect of Salinity Stress on Antioxidative Enzyme Activity in the Leaves of Tolerant and Susceptible Genotypes of Groundnut

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Apurba Pal ◽  
Debjani Dutta ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal ◽  
Sunil Kumar Gunri
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antioxidative Enzyme ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

Aims: To better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the light of antioxidative enzymes activity under salinity stress between tolerant and susceptible genotypes of groundnut. Study Design: Completely Randomized Design. Place and Duration of Study: The laboratory experiment was carried out in the departmental laboratory of Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia, and West Bengal during the year 2017-18. Methodology: A controlled study was conducted to screen 26 genotypes of groundnut under 200 mM NaCl salinity stress. Fourteen-day old seedlings were subjected to salinity treatment. For this, the modified Hoagland nutrient solution containing 200 mM NaCl (osmotic potential: -0.8 MPa) was applied in each case and the pH was adjusted to 6.3. The treatments were repeated on every third day. Control set without salinity stress was also maintained similarly in each case for comparison of results. Results: The salt tolerance index or STI of the genotypes ranged from 47.57% to 96.40%. Out of all the genotypes KDG-197 (STI= 96.40%) was found to be the most tolerant under a salinity stress of 200 mM NaCl and it was closely followed by R 2001-2 (STI=87.92%), VG 315 (STI=84.05%), TCGS 1157 (STI=77.59%) and TG 51 (STI=73.67%). While the genotypes Girnar 3 (STI= 47.57%), OG 52-1 (STI=49.09%), TVG 0856 (STI= 49.28%) and J 86 (STI= 50.66%) were the most susceptible genotypes based on their relative performance under stress in respect of total dry weight. It has been noted further that, out of the nine genotypes, enhancement of antioxidative enzyme like super oxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalase (CAT) activity was recorded maximally in tolerant genotype KDG 197 (64.18%, 71.74% and 52.82% increase over control respectively) and R 2001-2 (53.68 %, 93.48% and 53.96 % increase over control respectively) but the activity of these enzyme in the four susceptible genotypes declined considerably under salinity treatment. Conclusion: Tolerant genotypes of groundnut in general registered much higher activities of antioxidative enzymes in their leaves as compared to the susceptible genotype under high salinity stress.

scholarly journals Comparative Physiological Analysis of Salinity Effects in Six Olive Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 901-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Aparicio ◽  
Miguel Urrestarazu ◽  
María del Pilar Cordovilla
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Exclusion Mechanism ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Changes caused by NaCl salinity on growth, gas exchange, chemical composition, and oxidative stress symptoms have been measured in six olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars (Casta Cabra, Cornicabra, Frantoio, Ocal, Picual, and Picudo) grown in nutrient solution in a growth chamber pot experiment. Six-month-old plants were transplanted to a sand–perlite culture and irrigated with half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution containing 0 and 200 mm NaCl for 12 weeks. Salinity significantly depressed growth and leaf gas exchange, but to a different degree in each cultivar, Picudo was the cultivar that showed less growth inhibition. The effectiveness of Na+ exclusion mechanism in the roots differed significantly among studied cultivars, working effectively in ‘Ocal’ and ‘Picudo’ and being less efficient in ‘Picual’. Furthermore, ‘Picudo’ showed the ability to maintain the concentration of leaf K+ under the stress condition. ‘Ocal’ accumulated phenolic compounds and did not reduce carotenoid or total thiol concentration under saline stress. Between the cultivars studied, ‘Picudo’ and ‘Ocal’ were the most tolerant.

scholarly journals The Interplay between Calcium and Strontium in Chinese Cabbage under Normal and Low Calcium Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nianwei Qiu ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Xifeng Yan ◽  
Haoyu Dong ◽  
Mengyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽  
Normal Calcium

The structure and chemical properties of strontium and calcium are similar. To study the interplay between calcium and strontium in plants, different concentrations of SrCl2 (0, 1, 4, and 10 mmol·L−1) were added to the Hoagland nutrient solution with 4 mmol·L−1 Ca2+ (normal level Ca2+) or 0.4 mmol·L−1 Ca2+ (low-level Ca2+), which were used to cultivate Chinese cabbage seedlings. Under the low-level calcium condition, strontium not only did not promote the growth of Chinese cabbage but showed more severe toxicity compared with that under the normal calcium condition. Under normal calcium condition, although the growth of Chinese cabbage was significantly inhibited by 4 mmol·L−1 strontium, strontium did not show significant toxicity. However, under the low-level calcium condition, 1 mmol·L−1 strontium caused a significant decline of plant biomass and photosynthetic activity. Sr2+ showed a competitive inhibitory effect on the absorption of Ca2+, and strontium was more easily absorbed by Chinese cabbage. Under the low-level calcium condition, strontium aggravated the inhibition of calcium absorption. The inhibitory effect of strontium on plant growth was significantly related to the calcium content in Chinese cabbage. Strontium cannot replace the function of calcium in plants under calcium-deficient conditions.

scholarly journals Efek inokulasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi fase vegetative di media salinitas tinggi

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/8057 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Eka Junianti ◽  
Elly Proklamasiningsih ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Leaf Greenness

Rhizobakteria merupakan kelompok bakteri yang hidup di perakaran tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan tanaman melalui kemampuan menghasilkan IAA. Rhizobakteria dapat hidup di berbagai kondisi lingkungan, salah satunya di lahan salin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji efek Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria bagi tanaman padi pada fase vegetatif di media dengan silinitas tinggi, dan mendapatkan isolat yang paling efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif padi varietas Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Agronomi dan Hortikultura, dan Screenhouse Experimental Farm Fakultas Pertanian UNSOED pada bulan Oktober 2019-Januari 2020. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini antara lain kontrol, JA2, JB1, JB2, JD1, dan JE1 pada medium cair AB Mix dengan tingkat salinitas 5 dSm-1. Inokulasi PGPR meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi pada fase vegetatif. Bobot kering tanaman, panjang akar, kehijauan daun, luas daun, tinggi tanaman masing-masing meningkat sebesar 130%, 108%, 19%, 50%, 21% dengan inokulasi PGPR pada medium dengan salinitas tinggi.   Rhizobacteria are a group of bacteria that live in rhizozphere of plant which are beneficial for plant growth through the ability to produce IAA. Rhizobacteria can live in various environmental conditions, one of which is in saline fields. The research goal was to study the effect of PGPR for rice plants in the vegetative phase in high salinity media and to find the most effective isolates in increasing vegetative growth of Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan rice. This research was conducted at the Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory, and the screenhouse of Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSOED in October 2019-January 2020. This research was arranged by using a Randomized Complete Block Design and repeated 4 times. The treatments in this study included control, JA2, JB1, JB2, JD1, and JE1 in AB Mix liquid medium with a salinity level of 5 dSm-1. The inoculation of rhizobacteria can increase the rice plant growth at vegetative phase. The plant biomass, root length, leaf greenness, leaf area, plant height increased by 130%, 108%, 19%, 50%, 21% respectively by PGPR inoculation of medium with high salinity.

Salinity impacts on experimental fodder sorghum production

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Joardar ◽  
SAA Razir ◽  
M Islam ◽  
MH Kobir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Sorghum Production

Field experiment was conducted at research station of Soil, Water & Environment Discipline, Khulna University, during the dry season to see the growth performance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. cv. Morokoshi) irrigating with saline water. For irrigation, river water (RW) containing EC value of 14.04 dS m-1 was collected from the Rupsha river, Khulna and mixed with tap water [TW] containing EC value of 0.78 dS m-1at three different ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 v/v). After mixing, water containing five different EC values (0.78, 4.19, 7.18, 10.79 and 14.04 dS m-1) were obtained and considered as salinity treatment. Harvesting and sampling was done 83 days after transplanting (DAT) by cutting four sorghum plants randomly selected from each plot. Different morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter and plant biomass were measured and recorded. Soil samples were also collected from each plot. Under water salinity stress, all the agronomic attributes and plant biomass showed a decreasing tendency with increasing salt concentration in irrigation water but the growth was not harmfully affected at lower levels of salinity. Plant height and biomass was significantly decreased irrigating with water containing salinity 10.79 dS m-1.After harvest it was found that irrigation with saline water up to 10.79 dS m-1 did not show any increase of soil salinity. It was probably due to rainfall during the monsoon which was occurred at the later stage of the growing period. So, the fodder sorghum plant might be cultivated in the coastal regions of Bangladesh where fresh water irrigation is limited due to salinity problem as well as might be grown irrigating with saline water up to 10.79 dS m-1.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 145-155 (2018)

scholarly journals Methyl Jasmonate and Salinity Increase Anthocyanin Accumulation in Radish Sprouts

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Masaru Sakamoto ◽  
Takahiro Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Radish Sprouts

Plant secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties, such as anthocyanins, are considered to have an important commercial value for some crops. Although anthocyanin concentration increases in response to various stimuli in plants, the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation under multiple stimuli is not yet well understood. Here, we examined the effects of methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salinity on anthocyanin accumulation in radish (Raphanus sativus) sprouts. MJ treatments induced anthocyanin accumulation, which was enhanced by simultaneous treatment with salinity (200 mM NaCl), accompanied by growth restrictions. Sprouts treated with salinity alone did not induce anthocyanin accumulation, although sprout growth was restricted. Co-treatment with MJ and salinity increased hydrogen peroxide, total phenol content, and radical scavenging capacity more strongly than was achieved when each treatment was applied singly. Accumulation of anthocyanin was dependent on NaCl concentration and light intensity. Changing MJ and salinity treatment periods had different effects on anthocyanin accumulation and growth restriction, indicating that these phenomena might be differentially regulated. These results may provide an effective anthocyanin accumulation method without reducing plant biomass.

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