scholarly journals Chromatic Sensor to Determine Oxygen Presence for Applications in Intelligent Packaging

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4684 ◽  
Author(s):  
López-Carballo ◽  
Muriel-Galet ◽  
Hernández-Muñoz ◽  
Gavara
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Sensor Reading ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Leuco Form ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Redox Change ◽  
Migration Analysis ◽  
Structural Polymer

A chromatic sensor has been designed for the detection of oxygen in package headspace. The sensor is based on the redox change of methylene blue (MB) to its leuco form. Its formulation includes the pigment, glycerol, as a sacrificial electron donor, TiO2, as a photocatalyst and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), as a structural polymer matrix. The final sensor design that allows its manufacture by conventional printing and laminating technologies consists of the sensing polymer matrix (MB-EVOH) sandwiched in a suitable transparent multilayer structure. The outer layers protect the sensor from the external atmosphere and allow visualization of the colour. The inner layer is sufficiently opaque to facilitate sensor reading from the outside, is thick enough to avoid direct contact with food (functional barrier), and is oxygen-permeable to expose the sensing material to the internal package atmosphere. In the absence of oxygen, the sensor becomes white by irradiation with halogen lamps in less than 60 s. All components are substances permitted for food contact except the pigment, but specific migration analysis showed no trace of migration thanks to the functional barrier included in the design.

Embedded optical nanosensors for monitoring the processing and performance of polymer matrix composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (46) ◽  
pp. 14471-14492
Author(s):  
David B. Lioi ◽  
Vikas Varshney ◽  
Sarah Izor ◽  
Gregory Neher ◽  
W. Joshua Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Material State ◽  
Optical Nanosensors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Structural Polymer

We provide a broad review of optically responsive materials with potential for in situ monitoring of material state properties in structural polymer-based materials with nanoscale spatial resolution.

Enabling a high capacity and long cycle life for nano-Si anodes by building a stable solid interface with a Li+-conducting polymer

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (18) ◽  
pp. 9938-9944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zeng ◽  
Daotan Liu ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Jiangfeng Qian ◽  
Yuliang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Long Cycle Life ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Si Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrochemical Interface ◽  
Si Anodes

A new nano-Si/polymer composite with a stable electrochemical interface is synthesized by embedding Si nanoparticles into a Li+-conducting polymer matrix to prevent the direct contact of the Si surface with the electrolyte.

Saturn's E, G and F rings: modulated by the plasma sheet

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
E. Grün ◽  
G.E. Morfill ◽  
T.V. Johnson ◽  
G.H. Schwehm
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Time Variable ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Spatial Diffusion ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Orbit Perturbation ◽  
Time Variations ◽  
F Ring

ABSTRACTSaturn's broad E ring, the narrow G ring and the structured and apparently time variable F ring(s), contain many micron and sub-micron sized particles, which make up the “visible” component. These rings (or ring systems) are in direct contact with magnetospheric plasma. Fluctuations in the plasma density and/or mean energy, due to magnetospheric and solar wind processes, may induce stochastic charge variations on the dust particles, which in turn lead to an orbit perturbation and spatial diffusion. It is suggested that the extent of the E ring and the braided, kinky structure of certain portions of the F rings as well as possible time variations are a result of plasma induced electromagnetic perturbations and drag forces. The G ring, in this scenario, requires some form of shepherding and should be akin to the F ring in structure. Sputtering of micron-sized dust particles in the E ring by magnetospheric ions yields lifetimes of 102to 104years. This effect as well as the plasma induced transport processes require an active source for the E ring, probably Enceladus.

Transarterial embolization of peripheral arteriovenous malformations with ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer - feasibility, technical outcomes, and clinical outcomes

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom De Beule ◽  
Jan Vranckx ◽  
Peter Verhamme ◽  
Veerle Labarque ◽  
Marie-Anne Morren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Abstract. Background: The technical and clinical outcomes of catheter-directed embolization for peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) using Onyx® (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the safety, technical outcomes and clinical outcomes of catheter-directed Onyx® embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic peripheral AVMs. Patients and methods: Demographics, (pre-)interventional clinical and radiological data were assessed. Follow-up was based on hospital medical records and telephone calls to the patients’ general practitioners. Radiological success was defined as complete angiographic eradication of the peripheral AVM nidus. Clinical success was defined as major clinical improvement or complete disappearance of the initial symptoms. Results: 25 procedures were performed in 22 patients. The principal indications for treatment were pain (n = 10), limb swelling (n = 6), recurrent bleeding (n = 2), tinnitus (n = 3), and exertional dyspnoea (n = 1). Complete radiological success was obtained in eight patients (36 %); near-complete eradication of the nidus was achieved in the remaining 14 patients. Adjunctive embolic agents were used in nine patients (41 %). Clinical success was observed in 18 patients (82%). Major complications were reported in two patients (9 %). During follow-up, seven patients (32 %) presented with symptom recurrence, which required additional therapy in three patients. Conclusions: Catheter-directed embolisation of peripheral AVMs with Onyx® resulted in major clinical improvement or complete disappearance of symptoms in the vast majority of patients, although complete angiographic exclusion of the AVMs occurred in only a minority of patients.

Worker Protection Standard: Owner and Immediate Family Exemption

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
Tatiana Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Agricultural Plants

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regulation designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides).There are certain exemptions in the WPS rule that have been revised pertaining to agricultural establishment owners and their immediate family members. This fact sheet explains these new provisions.

Worker Protection Standard: Information at a Central Location

EDIS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel ◽  
Tatiana Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Central Location ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
General Guidance

The Worker Protection Standard (WPS) is a Federal regulation designed to protect agricultural workers (people involved in the production of agricultural plants) and pesticide handlers (people mixing, loading, or applying pesticides or doing other tasks involving direct contact with pesticides). It has been in full implementation since 1995. This document provides general guidance to help you comply with the requirements of the Federal Worker Protection Standard (WPS) for agricultural pesticides, 40 CFR part 170, as amended in 2015. This document addresses specific information that agricultural establishments must display at a central location for their employees.

Managing total reduced sulfur emissions at a Canadian kraft pulp mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROHAN BANDEKAR ◽  
JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAROSLAV STAVIK
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Emission Limit ◽  
Total Reduced Sulfur ◽  
Reduced Sulfur ◽  
Air Ingress ◽  
Solids Content

This study addresses the challenges a dissolving-grade pulp mill in Canada faced in 2014 in meeting its total reduced sulfur (TRS) gas emission limit. These emissions from the recovery boiler exit are controlled by passing the boiler exit gas through a TRS scrubber system. The mill employs a cyclonic direct contact evaporator to concentrate black liquor to firing solids content. The off-gases from the direct contact evaporator flow to the effluent gas control system that consists of a venturi scrubber, a packed bed scrubber, and a heat recovery unit. Emissions of TRS greater than the regulated limit of 15 ppm were observed for a 4-month period in 2014. The level of emissions measured during this period was significantly higher than about 12 ppm, the expected average value based on historic experience. The problem persisted from mid-June 2014 until the annual mill shutdown in October 2014. The main TRS components detected and the performance of the Teller scrubber in capturing them are examined. Other potential causes for these emissions are identified, including mechanical problems such as broken packing in the TRS packed bed scrubber, broken baffle plates in the scrubber, and cyclone evaporator leaks causing air ingress. Repairs were carried out during the mill shutdown, which eliminated the TRS emissions problem.

Increased dryness after pressing and wet web strength by utilizing foam application technology

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARITA KINNUNEN-RAUDASKOSKI ◽  
KRISTIAN SALMINEN ◽  
JANI LEHMONEN ◽  
TUOMO HJELT
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Cellulose Microfibrils ◽  
Application Technology ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Wet Pressing ◽  
Web Strength

Production cost savings by lowering basis weight has been a trend in papermaking. The strategy has been to decrease the amount of softwood kraft pulp and increase use of fillers and recycled fibers. These changes have a tendency to lower strength properties of both the wet and dry web. To compensate for the strength loss in the paper, a greater quantity of strength additives is often required, either dosed at the wet end or applied to the wet web by spray. In this pilot-scale study, it was shown how strength additives can be effectively applied with foam-based application technology. The technology can simultaneously increase dryness after wet pressing and enhance dry and wet web strength properties. Foam application of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), guar gum, starch, and cellulose microfibrils (CMF) increased web dryness after wet pressing up to 5.2%-units compared to the reference sample. The enhanced dewatering with starch, guar gum, and CMF was detected with a bulk increase. Additionally, a significant increase in z-directional tensile strength of dry web and and in-plane tensile strength properties of wet web was obtained. Based on the results, foam application technology can be a very useful technology for several applications in the paper industry.

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