scholarly journals Indoor Positioning on Disparate Commercial Smartphones Using Wi-Fi Access Points Coverage Area

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf ◽  
Hur ◽  
Park
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Intersection Area ◽  
The Impact

The applications of location-based services require precise location information of a user both indoors and outdoors. Global positioning system’s reduced accuracy for indoor environments necessitated the initiation of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs). However, the development of an IPS which can determine the user’s position with heterogeneous smartphones in the same fashion is a challenging problem. The performance of Wi-Fi fingerprinting-based IPSs is degraded by many factors including shadowing, absorption, and interference caused by obstacles, human mobility, and body loss. Moreover, the use of various smartphones and different orientations of the very same smartphone can limit its positioning accuracy as well. As Wi-Fi fingerprinting is based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) vector, it is prone to dynamic intrinsic limitations of radio propagation, including changes over time, and far away locations having similar RSS vector. This article presents a Wi-Fi fingerprinting approach that exploits Wi-Fi Access Points (APs) coverage area and does not utilize the RSS vector. Using the concepts of APs coverage area uniqueness and coverage area overlap, the proposed approach calculates the user’s current position with the help of APs’ intersection area. The experimental results demonstrate that the device dependency can be mitigated by making the fingerprinting database with the proposed approach. The experiments performed at a public place proves that positioning accuracy can also be increased because the proposed approach performs well in dynamic environments with human mobility. The impact of human body loss is studied as well.

scholarly journals A Probabilistic Approach for Optimal Design of Indoor Positioning Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bráulio Henrique O. U. V. Pinto ◽  
Horácio A. B. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo Souto
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Localization Error ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Access Points ◽  
The Impact

Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are designed to provide solutions for location-based services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning systems are the most widespread around the globe and are commonly found to have a ready-to-use infrastructure composed mostly of access points (APs). They provide useful information on signal strength to be processed by adequate location algorithms, which are not always capable of achieving the desired localization error only by themselves. In this sense, this paper proposes a new method to improve the accuracy of IPSs by optimizing some of their most relevant infrastructure components. Included are the arrangement of APs over the environment, the number of reference points (RPs), and the number of samples per location estimation test. A simulation environment is also proposed, in which the impact of key influencing factors on system accuracy is analyzed. Finally, a case study is simulated to validate an optimal combination of design parameters and its compliance with the requirements of localization error and the limited number of access points. Our simulation results clearly show that the desired localization accuracy, which is set as a goal, can be achieved while maintaining the factors already mentioned at minimal levels, which decreases both system deployment costs and computational effort.

Robustness in Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Positioning Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Hau Fang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Histogram Equalization ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Received Signal Strength ◽  
Location Estimation ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Systems

Indoor positioning systems have received increasing attention for supporting location-based services in indoor environments. Received signal strength (RSS), mostly utilized in Wi-Fi fingerprinting systems, is known to be unreliable due to two reasons: orientation mismatch and variations in hardware. This chapter introduces an approach based on histogram equalization to compensate for orientation mismatch in robust Wi-Fi localization. The proposed method involves converting the temporal-spatial radio signal strength into a reference function (i.e., equalizing the histogram). This chapter also introduces an enhanced positioning feature, which is called delta-fused principal strength, to enhance the robustness of Wi-Fi localization against the problem of heterogeneous hardware. This algorithm computes the pairwise delta RSS and then integrates with RSS using principal component analysis. The proposed methods effectively and efficiently improve the robustness of location estimation in the presence of mismatch orientation and hardware variations, respectively.

scholarly journals Impact of Beacon-Dependent Parameters on Bluetooth Low Energy Indoor Positioning Accuracy

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (19) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel de Blasio ◽  
Alexis Quesada-Arencibia ◽  
José Carlos Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Carmelo R. García ◽  
Roberto Moreno-Díaz Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Ubiquitous Systems ◽  
The Impact

Blue Low Energy technology is playing an important role nowadays in ubiquitous systems, being the beacons a key element. The configuration of parameters related to the beacons, such as their transmission power or their advertising interval should be studied in order to build fingerprinting indoor positioning systems based on this technology as accurate as possible. In this work, we study the impact and the interplay of those parameters in static indoor positioning as well as the orientation effect in the calibration phase. To reduce the time of data collection, a semi-automatic system is introduced.

scholarly journals INDOOR POSITIONING BY VISUAL-INERTIAL ODOMETRY

2017 ◽  
Vol IV-2/W4 ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramezani ◽  
D. Acharya ◽  
F. Gu ◽  
K. Khoshelham
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Trajectory Length ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

Indoor positioning is a fundamental requirement of many indoor location-based services and applications. In this paper, we explore the potential of low-cost and widely available visual and inertial sensors for indoor positioning. We describe the Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) approach and propose a measurement model for omnidirectional visual-inertial odometry (OVIO). The results of experiments in two simulated indoor environments show that the OVIO approach outperforms VIO and achieves a positioning accuracy of 1.1 % of the trajectory length.

scholarly journals Factor Optimization for the Design of Indoor Positioning Systems Using a Probability-Based Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Bráulio Henrique O. U. V. Pinto ◽  
Horácio A. B. F. de Oliveira ◽  
Eduardo J. P. Souto
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
The Impact

Indoor Positioning Systems (IPSs) are designed to provide solutions for location-based services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based positioning systems are the most widespread around the globe and are commonly found to have a ready-to-use infrastructure composed mostly of access points (APs). They advertise useful information, such as the received signal strength (RSS), that is processed by adequate location algorithms, which are not always capable of achieving the desired localization error only by themselves. In this sense, this paper proposes a new method to improve the accuracy of IPSs by optimizing the arrangement of APs over the environment using an enhanced probability-based algorithm. From the assumption that a log-distance path loss model can reasonably describe, on average, the distribution of RSS throughout the environment, we build a simulation framework to analyze the impact, on the accuracy, of the main factors that constitute the positioning algorithm, such as the number of reference points (RPs) and the number of samples of RSS collected per test point. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed solution, a real-world testbed dataset is used for validation. The obtained results for accuracy show that the trends verified via simulation strongly correlate to the verified in the dataset processing when allied with an optimal configuration of APs. This indicates our method is capable of providing an optimal factor combination—through early simulations—for the design of more efficient IPSs that rely on a probability-based positioning algorithm.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Fusion Methods for Ultrasonic Indoor Positioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6805
Author(s):  
Khaoula Mannay ◽  
Jesús Ureña ◽  
Álvaro Hernández ◽  
José M. Villadangos ◽  
Mohsen Machhout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Local Positioning System ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Position Estimate

Indoor positioning systems have become a feasible solution for the current development of multiple location-based services and applications. They often consist of deploying a certain set of beacons in the environment to create a coverage volume, wherein some receivers, such as robots, drones or smart devices, can move while estimating their own position. Their final accuracy and performance mainly depend on several factors: the workspace size and its nature, the technologies involved (Wi-Fi, ultrasound, light, RF), etc. This work evaluates a 3D ultrasonic local positioning system (3D-ULPS) based on three independent ULPSs installed at specific positions to cover almost all the workspace and position mobile ultrasonic receivers in the environment. Because the proposal deals with numerous ultrasonic emitters, it is possible to determine different time differences of arrival (TDOA) between them and the receiver. In that context, the selection of a suitable fusion method to merge all this information into a final position estimate is a key aspect of the proposal. A linear Kalman filter (LKF) and an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) are proposed in that regard for a loosely coupled approach, where the positions obtained from each ULPS are merged together. On the other hand, as a tightly coupled method, an extended Kalman filter (EKF) is also applied to merge the raw measurements from all the ULPSs into a final position estimate. Simulations and experimental tests were carried out and validated both approaches, thus providing average errors in the centimetre range for the EKF version, in contrast to errors up to the meter range from the independent (not merged) ULPSs.

scholarly journals Improved Visible Light-Based Indoor Positioning System Using Machine Learning Classification and Regression

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huy Tran ◽  
Cheolkeun Ha
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Classification

Recently, indoor positioning systems have attracted a great deal of research attention, as they have a variety of applications in the fields of science and industry. In this study, we propose an innovative and easily implemented solution for indoor positioning. The solution is based on an indoor visible light positioning system and dual-function machine learning (ML) algorithms. Our solution increases positioning accuracy under the negative effect of multipath reflections and decreases the computational time for ML algorithms. Initially, we perform a noise reduction process to eliminate low-intensity reflective signals and minimize noise. Then, we divide the floor of the room into two separate areas using the ML classification function. This significantly reduces the computational time and partially improves the positioning accuracy of our system. Finally, the regression function of those ML algorithms is applied to predict the location of the optical receiver. By using extensive computer simulations, we have demonstrated that the execution time required by certain dual-function algorithms to determine indoor positioning is decreased after area division and noise reduction have been applied. In the best case, the proposed solution took 78.26% less time and provided a 52.55% improvement in positioning accuracy.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for Accurate and Robust Indoor Localization Based on Nonlinear Programming

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Monica ◽  
Federico Bergenti
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Programming ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Anchor Nodes ◽  
The Impact

The study of techniques to estimate the position of mobile devices with a high level of accuracy and robustness is essential to provide advanced location based services in indoor environments. An algorithm to enable mobile devices to estimate their positions in known indoor environments is proposed in this paper under the assumption that fixed anchor nodes are available at known locations. The proposed algorithm is specifically designed to be executed on the mobile device whose position is under investigation, and it allows the device to estimate its position within the environment by actively measuring distance estimates from the anchor nodes. In order to reduce the impact of the errors caused by the arrangement of the anchor nodes in the environment, the proposed algorithm first transforms the localization problem into an optimization problem, and then, it solves the derived optimization problem using techniques inspired by nonlinear programming. Experimental results obtained using ultra-wide band signaling are presented to assess the performance of the algorithm and to compare it with reference alternatives. The presented experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm provides an increased level of accuracy and robustness with respect to two reference alternatives, regardless of the position of the anchor nodes.

scholarly journals GEOFENCING-BASED LOCALIZATION FOR 3D DATA ACQUISITION NAVIGATION

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
M. Nakagawa ◽  
T. Kamio ◽  
H. Yasojima ◽  
T. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Localization And Mapping ◽  
Sensor Position ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Infrastructure Inspection

Users require navigation for many location-based applications using moving sensors, such as autonomous robot control, mapping route navigation and mobile infrastructure inspection. In indoor environments, indoor positioning systems using GNSSs can provide seamless indoor-outdoor positioning and navigation services. However, instabilities in sensor position data acquisition remain, because the indoor environment is more complex than the outdoor environment. On the other hand, simultaneous localization and mapping processing is better than indoor positioning for measurement accuracy and sensor cost. However, it is not easy to estimate position data from a single viewpoint directly. Based on these technical issues, we focus on geofencing techniques to improve position data acquisition. In this research, we propose a methodology to estimate more stable position or location data using unstable position data based on geofencing in indoor environments. We verify our methodology through experiments in indoor environments.

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