scholarly journals Single-Baseline RTK Positioning Using Dual-Frequency GNSS Receivers Inside Smartphones

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Dabove ◽  
Vincenzo Di Pietra
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Master Station ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning is currently a common practice thanks to the development of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. The possibility to obtain raw GNSS measurements, such as pseudoranges and carrier-phase, from these instruments has opened new windows towards precise positioning using smart devices. This work aims to demonstrate the positioning performances in the case of a typical single-base Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning while considering two different kinds of multi-frequency and multi-constellation master stations: a typical geodetic receiver and a smartphone device. The results have shown impressive performances in terms of precision in both cases: with a geodetic receiver as the master station, the reachable precisions are several mm for all 3D components while if a smartphone is used as the master station, the best results can be obtained considering the GPS+Galileo constellations, with a precision of about 2 cm both for 2D and Up components in the case of L1+L5 frequencies, or 3 cm for 2D components and 2 cm for the Up, in the case of an L1 frequency. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that it is not feasible to reach the phase ambiguities fixing: despite this, the precisions are still good and also the obtained 3D accuracies of positioning solutions are less than 1 m. So, it is possible to affirm that these results are very promising in the direction of cooperative positioning using smartphone devices.

scholarly journals Variability and Performance of Short to Long-Range Single Baseline RTK GNSS Positioning in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 01012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irwan Gumilar ◽  
Brian Bramanto ◽  
Fuad F. Rahman ◽  
I Made D. A. Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Gnss Network ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

As the modernized Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) method, Real Time Kinematic (RTK) ensures high accuracy of position (within several centimeters). This method uses Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radio to transmit the correction data, however, due to gain and power issues, Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (RTCM) is used to transmit the correction data for a longer baseline. This Research aims to investigate the performance of short to long-range single baseline RTK GNSS (Up to 80 KM) by applying modified LAMBDA method to resolve the ambiguity in carrier phase. The RTK solution then compared with the differential GNSS network solution. The results indicate that the differences are within RTK accuracy up to 80 km are several centimeter for horizontal solution and three times higher for vertical solution.

Performance Evaluation of PPP-AR Method for Engineering Surveys with Embedded GNSS Chipset in a Smartphone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caneren Gul ◽  
Taylan Ocalan ◽  
Nursu Tunalioglu
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Economic Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Point Positioning ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Gnss Observations

<p>Today, traditional Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method with high-cost geodetic grade Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers has been used commonly for surveying, navigation, geodesy, geophysics and other engineering applications where dm-cm level accuracy is required. On the other hand, while smartphones have created a growing economic market in the world, they serve positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services in varying accuracy levels to the users besides many other facilities. One of the most significant components of the smartphones involving multi-sensors for outdoor point-positioning and navigation is the embedded GNSS chipset. Especially, the world’s first dual-frequency GNSS smartphone produced by Xiaomi in May 2018, so-called Xiaomi Mi 8, brings a new aspect to PNT applications. In this study, a smartphone with dual-frequency embedded GNSS chipset was used to analyze the performance of PPP-Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR) method in engineering surveys. With respect to study aim, simultaneous static GNSS observations gathered with a geodetic grade GNSS receiver and a smartphone were conducted within a test setup. The static GNSS observations were repeated for 3 days and the campaign duration was 2 hours per day at the same daily time interval. All the raw GNSS observations were converted into Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) and processed by the relative point positioning method as a reference solution initially. Later, all observations were processed by the PPP-AR method. A widely used online post-processing GNSS service, namely CSRS-PPP, which was updated in August 2018 (GPSPACE to SPARK) were employed for PPP-AR solutions. As a conclusion, we analyze the performance of the embedded dual frequency GNSS chipset and assess the feasibility of them in different engineering surveys.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Smartphone Positioning, PPP-AR, Embedded GNSS Chipset, Dual-frequency, Engineering Surveys</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary Results on Tropospheric ZTD Estimation by Smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4567
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Benvenuto ◽  
Paolo Dabove ◽  
Ilaria Ferrando ◽  
Domenico Sguerso
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
The Many ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Program Interface

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver is one of the many sensors embedded in smartphones. The early versions of the Android operating system could only access limited information from the GNSS, allowing the related Application Program Interface (API) to obtain only the location. With the development of the Android 7.0 (Nougat) operating system in May 2016, raw measurements from the internal GNSS sensor installed in the smartphone could be accessed. This work aims to show an initial analysis regarding the feasibility of Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) estimation by GNSS measurements extracted from smartphones, evaluating the accuracy of estimation to open a new window on troposphere local monitoring. Two different test sites have been considered, and two different types of software for data processing have been used. ZTDs have been estimated from both a dual-frequency and a multi-constellation receiver embedded in the smartphone, and from a GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS). The results have shown interesting performances in terms of ZTD estimation from the smartphone in respect of the estimations obtained with a geodetic receiver.

scholarly journals DGNSS Cooperative Positioning in Mobile Smart Devices: a Proof of Concept

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Minetto ◽  
Maria Chiara Bello ◽  
Fabio Dovis
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Role ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
4G Lte

<div>In recent years positioning and navigation capabilities in mobile devices have become essential to the evergrowing number of position-related smart applications. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constitutes the provider for geo-localization, therefore consumer-grade, embedded GNSS receivers have become ubiquitous in mobile smart devices. Among these, smartphones play a dominant role in enabling such modern services based on position information. However, GNSS positioning shows several weaknesses in urban contexts where mobile smart devices are massively diffused. Indeed, the limited sky visibility and multipath scattering induced by buildings severely threat the quality of the final solution. Two main ingredients can enable innovative collaborative strategies capable to increase the robustness of GNSS navigation: The availability of raw GNSS measurements which have been recently disclosed in ultra-low cost smartphone chipsets and the ubiquitous connectivity provided by modern low-latency, network infrastructures allowing for near-real-time exchange of data. This work presents the architecture of a Proof Of Concept designed to demonstrate the feasibility of a GNSS-only Cooperative Positioning among networked smartphones equipped with GNSS receivers. The test campaign presented in this work assessed the feasibility of the approach over 4G/LTE network connectivity and an average accuracy improvement over the 40%.</div>

Peer-to-Peer Cooperative Positioning between GNSS Receivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 614-620
Author(s):  
Qiang Chang ◽  
Qun Li ◽  
Hong Tao Hou ◽  
Xiang Hui Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Cooperative Positioning ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Positioning Strategy ◽  
Beidou System ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-like the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the future Chinese Beidou system-can deliver very good position estimates under optimum conditions. However, especially in critical positioning scenarios like urban canyons or indoor environments the performance loss would be very high or GNSS based positioning is even not possible. Based on the concept of Cooperative Positioning in acquiring real-time positioning information of mobile robots, GNSS Peer-to-Peer Cooperative Positioning (P2P-CP) technology is proposed to overcome the shortage of GNSS positioning. Terrestrial ranging and communication modular are equipped with GNSS receivers to construct real-time CP network. The terrestrial ranging and communication modular respectively used for distance measurement and communication between nearby GNSS receivers, distributed algorithms are applied to fuse pseudorange and neighbors nodes distance to calculate the nodes position. Current research results of GNSS CP show that this new positioning strategy gets equal or better precision with less time cost compared with Assisted GNSS (AGNSS).

scholarly journals Digital Filtering of Railway Track Coordinates in Mobile Multi–Receiver GNSS Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5018
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Wladyslaw Koc ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Slawomir Judek ◽  
Krzysztof Karwowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Filtering ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Gnss Receivers ◽  
Base Vector ◽  
Measuring Frequency ◽  
Geometrically Constrained ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

The article discusses an important issue in connection with the technique of mobile Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements of railway track coordinates, which is digital filtering performed to precisely determine railway track axes. For this purpose, a measuring technique is proposed which bases on the use of a measuring platform with a number of appropriately distributed GNSS receivers, where two of them determine the directional base vector of the platform. The receivers used in the research had high measuring frequency in the Real Time Kinematic (RTK) operating mode and enabled correction of the obtained results in post–processing. A key problem discussed in the article is the method for assessing the quality of the measurement results obtained from GNSS receivers, and their preparation for further processing making use of geometrically constrained parameters of the base vector and specialized digital filtering, among other elements, to precisely determining the track axis. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the used method of GNSS signal processing.

scholarly journals Influence of Ionospheric Irregularities on GNSS Remote Sensing

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Tinin
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Ionospheric Irregularities ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Order Error ◽  
Amplitude Fluctuations ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Inner Scale ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

We have used numerical simulation to study the effects of ionospheric irregularities on accuracy of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements, using ionosphere-free (in atmospheric research) and geometry-free (in ionospheric research) dual-frequency phase combinations. It is known that elimination of these effects from multifrequency GNSS measurements is handi-capped by diffraction effects during signal propagation through turbulent ionospheric plasma with the inner scale being smaller than the Fresnel radius. We demonstrated the possibility of reducing the residual ionospheric error in dual-frequency GNSS remote sensing in ionosphere-free combination by Fresnel inversion. The inversion parameter, the distance to the virtual screen, may be selected from the minimum of amplitude fluctuations. This suggests the possibility of improving the accuracy of GNSS remote sensing in meteorology. In the study of ionospheric disturbances with the aid of geometry-free combination, the Fresnel inversion eliminates only the third-order error. To eliminate the random TEC component which, like the measured average TEC, is the first-order correction, we should use temporal filtering (averaging).

scholarly journals GNSS smartphones positioning: advances, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Zangenehnejad ◽  
Yang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Gnss Measurements ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gnss Observations

AbstractStarting from 2016, the raw Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements can be extracted from the Android Nougat (or later) operating systems. Since then, GNSS smartphone positioning has been given much attention. A high number of related publications indicates the importance of the research in this field, as it has been doing in recent years. Due to the cost-effectiveness of the GNSS smartphones, they can be employed in a wide variety of applications such as cadastral surveys, mapping surveying applications, vehicle and pedestrian navigation and etc. However, there are still some challenges regarding the noisy smartphone GNSS observations, the environment effect and smartphone holding modes and the algorithm development part which restrict the users to achieve high-precision smartphone positioning. In this review paper, we overview the research works carried out in this field with a focus on the following aspects: first, to provide a review of fundamental work on raw smartphone observations and quality assessment of GNSS observations from major smart devices including Google Pixel 4, Google Pixel 5, Xiaomi Mi 8 and Samsung Ultra S20 in terms of their signal strengths and carrier-phase continuities, second, to describe the current state of smartphone positioning research field until most recently in 2021 and, last, to summarize major challenges and opportunities in this filed. Finally, the paper is concluded with some remarks as well as future research perspectives.

scholarly journals Instantaneous, Dual-Frequency, Multi-GNSS Precise RTK Positioning Using Google Pixel 4 and Samsung Galaxy S20 Smartphones for Zero and Short Baselines

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 8318
Author(s):  
ChienZheng Yong ◽  
Robert Odolinski ◽  
Safoora Zaminpardaz ◽  
Michael Moore ◽  
Eldar Rubinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite System ◽  
Navigation Satellite ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Short Baseline ◽  
Integer Least Squares ◽  
Short Baselines ◽  
Zero Baseline ◽  
Single Baseline ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Lying Down

The recent development of the smartphone Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chipsets, such as Broadcom BCM47755 and Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 embedded, makes instantaneous and cm level real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning possible with Android-based smartphones. In this contribution we investigate the instantaneous single-baseline RTK performance of Samsung Galaxy S20 and Google Pixel 4 (GP4) smartphones with such chipsets, while making use of dual-frequency L1 + L5 Global Positioning System (GPS), E1 + E5a Galileo, L1 + L5 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) and B1 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) code and phase observations in Dunedin, New Zealand. The effects of locating the smartphones in an upright and lying down position were evaluated, and we show that the choice of smartphone configuration can affect the positioning performance even in a zero-baseline setup. In particular, we found non-zero mean and linear trends in the double-differenced carrier-phase residuals for one of the smartphone models when lying down, which become absent when in an upright position. This implies that the two assessed smartphones have different antenna gain pattern and antenna sensitivity to interferences. Finally, we demonstrate, for the first time, a near hundred percent (98.7% to 99.9%) instantaneous RTK integer least-squares success rate for one of the smartphone models and cm level positioning precision while using short-baseline experiments with internal and external antennas, respectively.

scholarly journals The problem of GNSS positioning with measurements recorded using Android mobile devices

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 051-062
Author(s):  
Bogdan Skorupa
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Precise Point Positioning ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Gnss Positioning ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Programming Interface

The current work presents the issue of determining the position of the observer using measurements registered with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers that Android mobile devices are equipped with. The discussed questions concern using GNSS measurement data, which have been made available in the Android system since version 7.0. The present paper has the character of a review. It demonstrates how measurement data can be obtained via Application Programming Interface. Moreover, it discusses the available software that can be for registering measurements and their initial analysis. Subsequently, it reviews scientific works concerning the problem of positioning with the use of smartphones. Special emphasis was placed on tests consisting in an analysis of phase observations registered using dual-frequency receivers. The summary of the article presents the prospects for using mobile devices in precise point positioning. It also points out the limitations to achieving high accuracy and reliability of such measurements.

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