scholarly journals A Sensitive Carbon Dioxide Sensor Based on Photoacoustic Spectroscopy with a Fixed Wavelength Quantum Cascade Laser

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunda Qiao ◽  
Yanchen Qu ◽  
Yufei Ma ◽  
Ying He ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quantum Cascade Laser ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Quantum Cascade ◽  
Deviation Analysis ◽  
Co2 Detection ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

A photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) based carbon dioxide (CO2) sensor with a fixed wavelength quantum cascade laser (FW-QCL) was demonstrated. The emission wavelength of the FW-QCL at 4.42 μm in the mid-infrared spectral region matched a fundamental CO2 absorption line. Amplitude modulation of the laser intensity was used to match the resonant photoacoustic (PA) cell. The noise from the background was reduced with the correlation demodulation technique. The experimental results showed that the sensor had excellent signal stability and a concentration linear response. When the integration time was 1 s, a 1σ minimum detection limit (MDL) of 2.84 parts per million (ppm) for CO2 detection was achieved. The long-term stability of the sensor was evaluated by means of an Allan deviation analysis. With an integration time of ~100 s, the MDL was improved to 1 ppm. This sensor was also used to measure the CO2 concentration from some common emission sources, such as cigarette smoking, automobile exhaust, and the combustion of some carbon-containing materials, which confirmed the stability and robustness of the reported FW-QCL based CO2-PAS sensor system.

scholarly journals Amine-based carbon dioxide absorption: evaluation of kinetic and mass transfer parameters

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 4088-4097
Author(s):  
S. Ma’mun ◽  
Hallvard F. Svendsen ◽  
I. M. Bendiyasa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Transfer Parameters ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Global emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), a major contributor to the climate change, has increased annually and it reached over 37 Gt in 2017. An effort to reduce the emission, therefore, needs to be conducted, e.g. post-combustion capture by use of amine-based absorption. The objective of this study is to evaluate the kinetic and mass transfer parameters in a CO2 absorption process using monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-(methylamino)ethanol (MMEA), and 2-(ethylamino)ethanol (EMEA) as absorbents. The experiments were conducted in a bubble reactor at atmospheric pressure and 40 °C with 10-vol% CO2 flowrate of 5 NL/men. The CO2 concentration leaving the reactor was measured by an IR CO2 analyzer. The results obtained from this experiment were the overall absorption rates consisting of both chemical reaction and mass transfer. Analysis result shows that the reaction between CO2 and amines takes place fast, therefore the mass transfer of CO2 from the gas into the liquid through the gas film would control the overall absorption rate.

scholarly journals Investigation and Optimization of a Line-Locked Quartz Enhanced Spectrophone for Rapid Carbon Dioxide Measurement

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5225
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Wenling Jin ◽  
Mengpeng Hu ◽  
Mai Hu ◽  
Jingqiu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Laser Wavelength ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Co2 Absorption

We have developed a rapid quartz enhanced spectrophone for carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement, in which the laser wavelength was tightly locked to a CO2 absorption line and a custom quartz tuning fork (QTF) operating at 12.5 kHz was employed. The intrinsic QTF oscillation-limited response time, as well as the optimal feedback interval, was experimentally investigated. By tightly locking the laser to the R(16) transition of CO2, we obtained a stable laser operation with its center wavelength variation kept within 0.0002 cm−1, merely three times the laser linewidth. The reported CO2 sensor achieved a detection limit of 7 ppm, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) of 4.7 × 10−9 W·cm−1·Hz−1/2, at a response time of 0.5 s. The detection limit can be further improved to 0.45 ppm at an integration time of 270 s, illustrating a good system stability. This spectrophone enables the realization of compact and fast-response gas sensors for many scenarios, where CO2 concentration from sub-ppm to hundreds of thousands of ppm is expected.

scholarly journals H2S quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor employing a liquid-nitrogen-cooled THz quantum cascade laser operating in pulsed mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100219
Author(s):  
Angelo Sampaolo ◽  
Chenren Yu ◽  
Tingting Wei ◽  
Andrea Zifarelli ◽  
Marilena Giglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Quantum Cascade Laser ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantum Cascade ◽  
Pulsed Mode

scholarly journals Assessment of carbon dioxide separation by amine solutions using electrolyte non-random two-liquid and Peng-Robinson models: Carbon dioxide absorption efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Esmaeili ◽  
◽  
Zhibang Liu ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Jimmy Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Absorption ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

A high pressure carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption from a specific gas in a conventional column has been evaluated by the Aspen HYSYS simulator using a wide range of single absorbents and blended solutions to estimate the outlet CO2 concentration, absorption efficiency and CO2 loading to choose the most proper solution in terms of CO2 capture for environmental concerns. The property package (Acid Gas-Chemical Solvent) which is compatible with all applied solutions for the simulation in this study, estimates the properties based on an electrolyte non-random two-liquid (E- NRTL) model for electrolyte thermodynamics and Peng-Robinson equation of state for the vapor and liquid hydrocarbon phases. Among all the investigated single amines as well as blended solutions, piperazine (PZ) and the mixture of piperazine and monoethanolamine (MEA) have been found as the most effective absorbents respectively for CO2 absorption with high reactivity based on the simulated operational conditions.

scholarly journals A study on CO2 absorption using hybrid solvents in packed columns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi ◽  
Dipen Kumar Rajak ◽  
Mohammad Alhuyi Nazari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract Greenhouse gases emissions from large scale industries as well as gasoline based vehicles are mainly responsible for global warming since the 1980s. At present, it has triggered global efforts to reduce the level of GHG. The contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) in polluting the environment is at a peak due to the excessive use of coal in power plants. So, serious attention is required to reduce the level of CO2 using advanced technologies. Carbon dioxide capture and storage may play an important role in this direction. In process industries, various carbon dioxide capture techniques can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. However, post-combustion carbon dioxide capture is on top priority. Nowadays the researcher is focusing their work on CO2 capture using hybrid solvent. This work highlights a review of carbon dioxide capture using various kind of hybrid solvent in a packed column. The various challenges for absorption efficiency enhancement and future direction are also discussed in the present work. It is concluded through the literature survey that hybrid solvent shows better efficiency in comparison to the aqueous solution used for CO2 capture.

scholarly journals Determining the carbon footprint for a new earthen-based finish

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda G Aranda-Jimenez ◽  
Edgardo J Suarez-Dominguez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
A Value ◽  
Co2 Equivalent ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract In the present work the carbon footprint for a material developed in the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism of the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT) constituted by argillaceous earth, aloe juice and fiber of ixtle with utility like the inner coating of walls in buildings was determined. The objective of this paper is the calculation of the contribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) by the plant, considering the stoichiometry of CO2 absorption accompanied by the determination at the laboratory level. It was found that the use of organic materials in mortar mixtures, when they are produced manually by the person who will use them, and that is common in cases of self-construction, can generate approximately −0.45 kg of CO2 equivalent for each kilogram of plant produced for the preparation of mixtures. In addition, the equivalent CO2 was calculated for the elaboration of a cubic meter of useful mixture as a wall covering obtaining a value below the equivalent 14 kg of CO2.

Plasma Decomposition of Carbon Dioxide: Simulations and Experiments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamau Wright ◽  
Robert Galvez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plasma Discharges ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Plasma System ◽  
Process Gas ◽  
Plasma Decomposition ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Co2 Decomposition ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Simulations and experiments are conducted to model, simulate, test and demonstrate the effect of plasma discharges on decomposition of carbon dioxide (CO2). A pin-to-plane discharge is employed in gas samples containing CO2. A high voltage plasma system is used which was previously shown to be able to decrease CO2 concentration in gas samples. The discharge is modeled and described, including monitoring electrical parameters such as current and voltage. The present study investigated plasma decomposition of carbon dioxide experimentally, and through simulation. A plasma micro-discharge was utilized to better understand plasma-CO2 interactions. Enhancements are suggested to help increase the efficiency and yield of the plasma-CO2 decomposition process. Gas samples are analyzed over time using a CO2 meter.

scholarly journals Six years of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> observations at Mt. Fuji recorded with a battery-powered measurement system

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 667-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Nomura ◽  
Hitoshi Mukai ◽  
Yukio Terao ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
Yukihiro Nojiri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Stability And Accuracy ◽  
Working Standards

Abstract. We developed a battery-powered carbon dioxide (CO2) measurement system for monitoring at the summit of Mt. Fuji (3776 m a.s.l.), which experiences very low temperatures (below −20 °C) and severe environmental conditions without access to gridded electricity for 10 months (from September to June). Our measurement system used 100 batteries to run the measurement unit during these months. These batteries were charged during the 2-month summer season when gridded electricity was available, using a specially designed automatic battery-charging system. We installed this system in summer 2009 at the Mt. Fuji weather station; observations of atmospheric CO2 concentration were taken through December 2015. Measurements were never interrupted by a lack of battery power except for two cases in which lightning damaged a control board. Thus we obtained CO2 data during about 94 % of the 6-year period. Analytical performances (stability and accuracy) were better than 0.1 ppm, as tested by checking working standards and comparisons with flask sampling.Observational results showed that CO2 mole fractions at Mt. Fuji demonstrated clear seasonal variation. The trend and the variability of the CO2 growth rate observed at Mt. Fuji were very similar to those of the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO). Seasonally, the concentration at Mt. Fuji was 2–10 ppm lower in summer and 2–12 ppm higher in winter than those at MLO. The lower concentrations at Mt. Fuji in summer are mainly attributed to episodes of air mass transport from Siberia or China, where CO2 is taken up by the terrestrial biosphere. On the other hand, the relatively higher concentrations in winter seem to reflect the high percentage of air masses originating from China or Southeast Asia during this period, which carry increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide. These results show that Mt. Fuji is not very influenced by local sources but rather by the sources and sinks over a very large region.Thus we conclude that, as this system could provide stable measurement data with relatively easy operation for 6 years at Mt. Fuji, it could be a useful monitoring technique for remote background sites elsewhere.

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