scholarly journals IoT and UAV Integration in 5G Hybrid Terrestrial-Satellite Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 3704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Marchese ◽  
Aya Moheddine ◽  
Fabio Patrone
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Smart Agriculture ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
Scalable Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Fifth Generation of Mobile Communications (5G) will lead to the growth of use cases demanding higher capacity and a enhanced data rate, a lower latency, and a more flexible and scalable network able to offer better user Quality of Experience (QoE). The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of these use cases. It has been spreading in the recent past few years, and it covers a wider range of possible application scenarios, such as smart city, smart factory, and smart agriculture, among many others. However, the limitations of the terrestrial network hinder the deployment of IoT devices and services. Besides, the existence of a plethora of different solutions (short vs. long range, commercialized vs. standardized, etc.), each of them based on different communication protocols and, in some cases, on different access infrastructures, makes the integration among them and with the upcoming 5G infrastructure more difficult. This paper discusses the huge set of IoT solutions available or still under standardization that will need to be integrated in the 5G framework. UAVs and satellites will be proposed as possible solutions to ease this integration, overcoming the limitations of the terrestrial infrastructure, such as the limited covered areas and the densification of the number of IoT devices per square kilometer.

scholarly journals Adaptive Data Synchronization Algorithm for IoT-Oriented Low-Power Wide-Area Networks

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Petroni ◽  
Francesca Cuomo ◽  
Leonisio Schepis ◽  
Mauro Biagi ◽  
Marco Listanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Wide Area Networks ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
File Synchronization ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) is by now very close to be realized, leading the world towards a new technological era where people’s lives and habits will be definitively revolutionized. Furthermore, the incoming 5G technology promises significant enhancements concerning the Quality of Service (QoS) in mobile communications. Having billions of devices simultaneously connected has opened new challenges about network management and data exchange rules that need to be tailored to the characteristics of the considered scenario. A large part of the IoT market is pointing to Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs) representing the infrastructure for several applications having energy saving as a mandatory goal besides other aspects of QoS. In this context, we propose a low-power IoT-oriented file synchronization protocol that, by dynamically optimizing the amount of data to be transferred, limits the device level of interaction within the network, therefore extending the battery life. This protocol can be adopted with different Layer 2 technologies and provides energy savings at the IoT device level that can be exploited by different applications.

scholarly journals Survei IoT Healthcare Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164
Author(s):  
Yulia Suryandari
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Health Care Technology ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
Industry Trends ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has enormous potential in creating the value of life related to technology. IoT has various application domains, including in the health sector. IoT-based healthcare services are expected to reduce costs, improve quality of life, and enrich user experience. The presence of IoT devices for healthcare services can also avoid unnecessary hospitalization and ensure that patients who need health services get it quickly. This paper surveys advances in IoT-based health care technology and reviews the latest architectures / platforms, platforms, applications and industry trends in IoT-based healthcare solutions. Some IoT devices and prototypes in the healthcare field are also discussed in this paper. Through this paper, it is expected that readers can be known and discuss IoT devices in the healthcare sector.

scholarly journals Satellite Edge Computing for the Internet of Things in Aerospace

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Wang ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xiye Guo ◽  
Zhi Qu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Computing System ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Terrestrial Network ◽  
The Internet Of Things

As one of the information industry’s future development directions, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used. In order to reduce the pressure on the network caused by the long distance between the processing platform and the terminal, edge computing provides a new paradigm for IoT applications. In many scenarios, the IoT devices are distributed in remote areas or extreme terrain and cannot be accessed directly through the terrestrial network, and data transmission can only be achieved via satellite. However, traditional satellites are highly customized, and on-board resources are designed for specific applications rather than universal computing. Therefore, we propose to transform the traditional satellite into a space edge computing node. It can dynamically load software in orbit, flexibly share on-board resources, and provide services coordinated with the cloud. The corresponding hardware structure and software architecture of the satellite is presented. Through the modeling analysis and simulation experiments of the application scenarios, the results show that the space edge computing system takes less time and consumes less energy than the traditional satellite constellation. The quality of service is mainly related to the number of satellites, satellite performance, and task offloading strategy.

scholarly journals A Multi-Agent Gamification System for Managing Smart Homes

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Winnicka ◽  
Karolina Kęsik ◽  
Dawid Połap ◽  
Marcin Woźniak ◽  
Zbigniew Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Smart Homes ◽  
Entire Solution ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Rapid development and conducted experiments in the field of the introduction the fifth generation of the mobile network standard allow for the flourishing of the Internet of Things. This is one of the most important reasons to design and test systems that can be implemented to increase the quality of our lives. In this paper, we propose a system model for managing tasks in smart homes using multi-agent solutions. The proposed solution organizes work and distributes tasks to individual family members. An additional advantage is the introduction of gamification, not only between household members, but also between families. The solution was tested to simulate the entire solution as well as the individual components that make up the system. The proposal is described with regard to the possibility of implementing smart homes in future projects.

scholarly journals Moving to the Edge-Cloud-of-Things: Recent Advances and Future Research Directions

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hind Bangui ◽  
Said Rakrak ◽  
Said Raghay ◽  
Barbora Buhnova
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Cloud computing has significantly enhanced the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) by ensuring and supporting the Quality of Service (QoS) of IoT applications. However, cloud services are still far from IoT devices. Notably, the transmission of IoT data experiences network issues, such as high latency. In this case, the cloud platforms cannot satisfy the IoT applications that require real-time response. Yet, the location of cloud services is one of the challenges encountered in the evolution of the IoT paradigm. Recently, edge cloud computing has been proposed to bring cloud services closer to the IoT end-users, becoming a promising paradigm whose pitfalls and challenges are not yet well understood. This paper aims at presenting the leading-edge computing concerning the movement of services from centralized cloud platforms to decentralized platforms, and examines the issues and challenges introduced by these highly distributed environments, to support engineers and researchers who might benefit from this transition.

scholarly journals The Internet of Things (IoT) and Social Interaction: Influence of Source Attribution and Human Specialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Siddhartha Vadlamudi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Source Attribution ◽  
Source Effects ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Worldwide Web ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The evolvement of IT has open new doors in connecting many devices to the worldwide web that successively produce data around the physical setting using the IoT. However, the system of message turns out to be slightly intricate in human specialization-internet of things communication for the reason that the IoT is a system including diverse objects transferring data This study examines the hypothetical pathway by which the changes in source attribution that is multiple against single and specialization that is multi-functionality against single functionality of IoT devices affect the quality of human- internet of things interaction. The result from the study obtained from 80 participants that took part in the experiment shows that multiple source attribution improves the condition of information basically for the low-involvement people supports further probes the multiple source effects. However, this study recommends improvement of attribution source and human specialization-IoT.

scholarly journals The Framework of 6G Self-Evolving Networks and the Decision-Making Scheme for Massive IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 9353
Author(s):  
Bei Liu ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Xin Su
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Evolving Networks ◽  
Distributed Decision Making ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Smart Traffic ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The increasingly huge amount of device connections will transform the Internet of Things (IoT) into the massive IoT. The use cases of massive IoT consist of the smart city, digital agriculture, smart traffic, etc., in which the service requirements are different and even constantly changing. To fulfill the different requirements, the networks must be able to automatically adjust the network configuration, architectures, resource allocations, and other network parameters according to the different scenarios to match the different service requirements in massive IoT, which are beyond the abilities of the fifth generation (5G) networks. Moreover, the sixth generation (6G) networks are expected to have endogenous intelligence, which can well support the massive IoT application scenarios. In this paper, we first propose the framework of the 6G self-evolving networks, in which the autonomous decision-making is one of the vital parts. Then, we introduce the autonomous decision-making methods and analyze the characteristics of the different methods and mechanisms for 6G networks. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed framework, we consider one of the typical scenarios of massive IoT and propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-based distributed decision-making algorithm to solve the problem of the offloading policy and the network resource allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed decision-making algorithm with the self-evolving networks can improve the quality of experience (QoE) compared with the lower training.

scholarly journals Analysis of P4 and XDP for IoT Programmability in 6G and Beyond

IoT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 605-622
Author(s):  
David Carrascal ◽  
Elisa Rojas ◽  
Joaquin Alvarez-Horcajo ◽  
Diego Lopez-Pajares ◽  
Isaías Martínez-Yelmo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Software Defined Networking ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cpu Usage ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Recently, two technologies have emerged to provide advanced programmability in Software-Defined Networking (SDN) environments, namely P4 and XDP. At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a pillar of future 6G networks, which will be also sustained by SDN. In this regard, there is a need to analyze the suitability of P4 and XDP for IoT. In this article, we aim to compare both technologies to help future research efforts in the field. For this purpose, we evaluate both technologies by implementing diverse use cases, assessing their performance and providing a quick qualitative overview. All tests and design scenarios are publicly available in GitHub to guarantee replication and serve as initial steps for researchers that want to initiate in the field. Results illustrate that currently XDP is the best option for constrained IoT devices, showing lower latency times, half the CPU usage, and reduced memory in comparison with P4. However, development of P4 programs is more straightforward and the amount of code lines is more similar regardless of the scenario. Additionally, P4 has a lot of potential in IoT if a special effort is made to improve the most common software target, BMv2.

scholarly journals Container Migration in the Fog: A Performance Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Puliafito ◽  
Carlo Vallati ◽  
Enzo Mingozzi ◽  
Giovanni Merlino ◽  
Francesco Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Smart Industry ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Migration Technique

The internet of things (IoT) is essential for the implementation of applications and services that require the ability to sense the surrounding environment through sensors and modify it through actuators. However, IoT devices usually have limited computing capabilities and hence are not always sufficient to directly host resource-intensive services. Fog computing, which extends and complements the cloud, can support the IoT with computing resources and services that are deployed close to where data are sensed and actions need to be performed. Virtualisation is an essential feature in the cloud as in the fog, and containers have been recently getting much popularity to encapsulate fog services. Besides, container migration among fog nodes may enable several emerging use cases in different IoT domains (e.g., smart transportation, smart industry). In this paper, we first report container migration use cases in the fog and discuss containerisation. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art migration techniques for containers, i.e., cold, pre-copy, post-copy, and hybrid migrations. The main contribution of this work is the extensive performance evaluation of these techniques that we conducted over a real fog computing testbed. The obtained results shed light on container migration within fog computing environments by clarifying, in general, which migration technique might be the most appropriate under certain network and service conditions.

scholarly journals Improvement of LoRa Communication Scalability using Machine Learning Based Adaptiveness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Valach ◽  
Dominik Macko
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Parameters Selection ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
The Internet Of Things

<div>Number of embedded devices connected to the Internet is rapidly increasing, especially in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). The growing number of IoT devices communicating wirelessly causes a communication-parameters selection problem, implying the increasing number of communication collisions. Multiple factors of IoT networks signify this problem, such as inability to communication-channel listening prior to the transmission (due to longer distances), energy constrains (due to inability of powering devices from the grid), or limitation of duty cycle and high interference (due to usage of unlicensed band in communication technologies). This article is focused on alleviating this problem in LoRa networks, which is one of the most promising technology for long-range and low-power</div><div>communication. We utilize the existing LoRa@FIIT protocol to achieve energy-efficient communication. The scalability of the LoRa network is increased by modifying the communication-parameters selection algorithm. By ensuring of quality of service mechanism at each node in the infrastructure, the application domain of the proposed architecture is widened. The simulation-based experimental results showed a significantly reduced number of collisions for mobile nodes, which reduces the channel congestion and the wasted energy by retransmissions.</div>

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